Foundations of Exercise Science Chapter 1

Which of the following individuals is at the highest risk of cardiovascular disease?

A smoker

Which of the following statements is true of the philosophy of existentialism?

According to this philosophy, reality is determined by individuals' experiences.

_____ is concerned with the preparation of teachers and sport leaders to provide programs and services for individuals with disabilities.

Adapted physical activity

Identify the domains into which the objectives for learning can be classified. (Check all that apply.)

Affective/social Cognitive Psychomotor

In the context of the examination of health status and physical activity patterns in the United States, identify the factors that influence the physical activity levels of people in the United States. (Check all that apply.)

Age Socioeconomic status

Identify an example of environmental wellness.

Amy lives in a two-story apartment in a quiet locality.

Which of the following would result in a decrease in life expectancy of the people in a country?

An increase in chronic diseases

Identify an example of emotional wellness.

Anne ensures that her home-related worries do not affect her work.

____________ refers to highly organized, competitive sports engaged in by skillful participants.

Athletics

Identify a scenario that exemplifies social wellness.

Carlos believes in serving the poor and helping people in need.

Which among the following methods is used by Epistemology while examining the structure, origin, and limits of knowledge?

Critical methods

_____ professionals are needed to design and implement programs that are sensitive to the needs and values of different population groups, such as racial and ethnic minorities, females, and the aged.

Culturally competent

Who among the following individuals most likely believes in the philosophy of idealism?

Debra, a youth basketball coach, ensures that her team congratulates its opponent team even after losing a match.

Identify one of the main purposes of assessment.

Diagnosis

In the context of the changing demographics in the United States, identify the differences included by DeSensi in the extended version of his definition of cultural diversity. (Check all that apply.)

Differences in veteran status Differences in sexual orientation

Identify a scenario that exemplifies mental wellness.

Eden believes in herself and is confident of the choices she makes in life.

Which of the following aspects of an individual's life does his or her socioeconomic status influence? (Check all that apply.)

Educational attainment Health status

Marco is a friendly person who expresses his gratitude to people who are good to him and helps them in return in their times of need. Identify the aspect of health displayed by Marco in this scenario.

Emotional wellness

_____ is a branch of philosophy concerned with examining the nature of knowledge.

Epistemology

___________ ____________ is the study of the effects of various physical demands, particularly exercise, on the structure and function of the human body.

Exercise Physiology

______________ ______________is the study of the effects of various physical demands, particularly exercise, on the structure and function of the human body.

Exercise Physiology

Identify a true statement about exercise physiologists.

Exercise physiologists are concerned with both acute and chronic adaptations of the various systems of the body to exercise.

All populations have equal participation rates in physical activity.

False

Health, recreation, and dance are subdisciplines of physical education, exercise science, and sport.

False

Motor learning is the study of human movement.

False

Proper nutrition helps professionals stay abreast of new developments in the field, facilitates communication among professionals, and plays a role in professional activities such as teaching, assessment, and research.

False

True or false: A taxonomy organizes educational objectives from higher-order goals to lower-order goals.

False

True or false: According to the findings of the examination of health status and physical activity patterns in the United States, physical inactivity is greatest among men and young people.

False

True or false: Individuals who come from less affluent backgrounds have greater involvement in physical activity than those from affluent circumstances.

False

Who among the following individuals most likely follows the philosophy of realism?

Gary, a coach, conducts pop quizzes every week to assess how much his students have learned.

Identify an activity that would most likely be included in a community recreation program.

Gymnastics

Identify the cornerstones of the wellness movement. (Check all that apply.)

Health promotion Disease prevention

Identify a nonmodifiable risk factor that influences an individual's health and longevity.

Heredity

Which of the following philosophies emphasizes the development of the full potential of each individual and believes in personal growth and self-actualization?

Humanism

Miley, an elementary school soccer coach, ensures that all team members avoid engaging in rough play during matches, even when their opponents are unfair. She believes that good behavior and discipline is more important than actually winning a match. In this scenario, which of the following philosophies is Miley most likely following?

Idealism

_____ emphasizes the mind as central to understanding and the critical role that reasoning plays in arriving at the truth.

Idealism

Which of the following statements is true of the influence of socioeconomic status on individuals' participation in physical activity?

Individuals who come from affluent backgrounds have more disposable income for involvement in fitness.

Qualitative research

It answers questions through words, images, and sounds.

Identify the true statements about the philosophy of existentialism. (Check all that apply.)

It emphasizes the freedom of individuals to think as they choose. It stresses that individuals must accept the consequences of their actions.

Which of the following is true about aesthetics?

It enables people to see movement as an art form.

Health instruction

It focuses on teaching the basics of healthy living.

Environmental health

It focuses on the development of healthful and safe surroundings.

The affective/social domain

It includes the promotion of values and the enhancement of emotional development.

The psychomotor domain

It involves the development of physical fitness.

Which of the following is true of physical fitness?

It is a state of well-being associated with low risk of premature health problems.

Quantitative research

It is based primarily on the statistical analysis of numerical data.

Health services

It is concerned with developing and maintaining a satisfactory level of health for all people through services.

The cognitive domain

It is concerned with the acquisition of knowledge and its application.

In the context of sports programs, identify a characteristic of school-community partnership.

It makes fitness programs available to adults.

Identify an accurate statement about culture.

It plays a complex, significant role in the health and well-being of people of all ages.

Identify a true statement about athletics.

It requires specially trained officials to ensure competitor fairness.

Identify a true statement about physical education pedagogy.

It seeks to determine the characteristics and skills possessed by effective coaches and how these influence athlete learning.

Identify an important aspect of an individual's journey toward cultural competency.

Learning another language and gaining knowledge about other cultures

What do sports philosophers use as a tool to advance knowledge and arrive at decisions?

Logic

_____ is a branch of philosophy that can help members of the field of sport to organize facts to document the contribution of physical activity to well-being.

Logic

Which of the following is an example of physical wellness?

Melissa ensures that she gets at least eight hours of sleep every night.

_____ studies the factors that influence the development of abilities essential to movement.

Motor development

In the context of physical education, _____________ __________ is the study of changes in motor behavior that are primarily the result of practice and experience.

Motor learning

The belief that life is governed by the laws of nature is central to the philosophy of __________

Naturalism

Who among the following individuals most likely believes in the philosophy of pragmatism?

Nick, a sports coach, instructs his students to learn from their own mistakes.

Settings for physical education programs include all of the following except:

None of the answers is correct.

Identify a modifiable risk factor that increases an individual's likelihood of disease and health problems.

Obesity

_____ describe learning, specifically what individuals should know, do, or feel as a result of instruction.

Objectives

Identify the forces recognized by the wellness approach to health that interact to affect one's health. (Check all that apply.)

Personal forces Societal forces Environmental forces Genetic forces

_____ can be defined as a set of beliefs relating to a particular field or a system of values by which one lives and works.

Philosophy

Identify a true belief of monism.

Physical activity is as important as intellectual activity.

_____ exerted an important influence on the development of sports medicine and adapted physical activity.

Physical therapy

Gary is extremely agile and active. He exercises at the gym three days a week and rarely falls ill. Identify the aspect of health that is displayed in the example.

Physical wellness

In the context of the objectives for learning, identify the desired outcomes associated with the affective/social domain. (Check all that apply.)

Promotion of a positive self-concept Enhancement of feelings of self-worth

Linda, an elementary school coach, adds a new activity of throw ball into her students' physical education classes. This new activity is shown to improve the reflexes of the children according to scientific evidence. In this scenario, which of the following philosophies is Linda most likely following?

Realism

_____ include self-chosen activities that provide a means of revitalizing and refreshing one's body and spirit.

Recreation and leisure

Identify the topics that are studied by sport psychologists. (Check all that apply.)

Rehabilitation adherence Regulation of anxiety Self-confidence

Derek maintains good relationships with everyone in his family and work place. He always helps his friends and colleagues when in need. In this scenario, identify the aspect of health displayed by Derek.

Social wellness

_____ refers to well-established, officially governed competitive physical activities in which participants are motivated by internal and external rewards.

Sport

Which of the following disciplines of physical education, exercise science, and sport deals with an athlete's gait analysis?

Sport biomechanics

_____ applies the methods of physics and mechanics to the study of human motion and the motion of sport objects.

Sport biomechanics

Identify a discipline of physical education, exercise science, and sport that was developed from the foundation formed by the social sciences.

Sport history

_____ _________ is the systematic and reflective study of the truth, meanings, and actions of sport.

Sport philosophy

Identify the disciplines of physical education, exercise science, and sport that were developed from the foundation formed by the social sciences. (Check all that apply.)

Sport philosophy Sport and physical activity psychology

_____ is the study of the role of sport in society, its impact on participants in sport, and the relationship between sport and other societal institutions.

Sport sociology

_________ refers to highly organized, competitive physical activities governed by rules.

Sports or Athletics

What led to the rapid expansion of the knowledge base of exercise science?

The application of science to the study of physical activity

Identify the areas of study within the field of exercise physiology. (Check all that apply.)

The effects of different exercise programs on the muscular and cardiovascular systems The health status of different population groups such as children and the aged

What view does monism have on the mind and the body of an individual?

The mind and the body are a fused, unified entity.

Which of the following aspects plays an important role in the philosophy of realism?

The total development of a person

How can professionals and exercise physiologists contribute to the promotion of physical activity by older adults?

They can determine the amount of physical activity necessary for health benefits for different population groups.

Identify a true statement about the role of sport psychologists.

They develop and effectively apply skills and strategies that will enhance an athlete's performance.

Identify a true statement about sport sociologists.

They examine the influence of race and gender on participation in sports.

Identify a characteristic of motor development specialists.

They focus on the role of early movement experiences in their study.

Identify a responsibility of motor learning specialists.

They investigate the use of reinforcement to enhance learning in physical education.

Which of the following is true of school-based adult programs?

They provide an avenue to reach all people within the community.

In the context of allied fields, which of the following is true of recreation and leisure?

They provide opportunities for individuals to engage in freely chosen activities, including physical ones that yield beneficial health outcomes.

In the context of sport philosophy, identify a role performed by sports philosophers.

They seek to understand the relationship between the mind and the body.

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of goals?

They state long-term outcomes to be achieved by participants in a program.

Identify the role of adapted physical educators given by federal law.

To design educational plans for students with disabilities

Exercise science is a very broad area of study, encompassing many different aspects of physical activity.

True

Health instruction can encompass many areas, including disease prevention, mental health, nutrition, physical fitness, stress management, and dealing with abuse of drugs and alcohol.

True

Physical activity is a broad term that encompasses exercise, sport, dance, active games, activities of daily living, and active occupational tasks.

True

Physical activity psychology is concerned with exercise addiction, adherence, and other psychological issues affecting the well-being of people who are physically active.

True

Physical education, exercise science, and sport share a common focus—human movement or, more generally, physical activity.

True

Qualitative research answers questions through words, images, and sounds.

True

The rehabilitation sciences, particularly physical therapy, exerted an important influence on the development of sports medicine and adapted physical activity.

True

True or false: A social trend that emphasizes an individual's responsibility to make informed choices that will lead to an optimal state of health is the wellness movement.

True

True or false: Assessment is more encompassing in its scope than evaluation, including data collection, interpretation, and decision making.

True

True or false: Physical activity is beneficial for the health and well-being of people of all ages, including the older population.

True

True or false: Professionals provide services to others through the application of knowledge and skills to improve people's well-being.

True

True or false: Sport professionals who follow the philosophy of idealism would place a high value on serving as role models to their clients.

True

True or false: Sports philosophy examines sport from many different perspectives.

True

_____ is a state of being in which an individual's physical, emotional, social, mental, spiritual, and environmental aspects of health are in balance.

Wellness

Which of the following is true of the philosophy of pragmatism?

Within this philosophical approach, whatever works in a given situation at a given time is seen as successful.

In the context of physical education, a(n) _____ is defined as an organized body of knowledge collectively embraced in a formal course of learning.

academic discipline

According to the holistic health approach, individuals who are healthy have _____.

achieved a high level of wellness

Culture influences an individual's _____.

adherence to exercise programs

Unlike quantitative research, qualitative research _____.

answers questions through words, images, and sounds

The development of sports management was influenced by _____.

communication

According to the U.S Department of Health and Human Services Office of Minority Health, _____ is defined as "a set of congruent behaviors, attitudes and policies that come together in a system, agency or among professionals that enables effective work in cross-cultural situations."

cultural and linguistic competence

An increase in the _____ of a country will have implications on its physical education, exercise science, and sport programs.

cultural diversity

When professionals practice in a _____ way, they design and implement programs that appropriately serve people of diverse cultures in a manner that affirms participants' worth and dignity.

culturally competent

According to Dave's objectives in the psychomotor domain, the higher-order objectives emphasize the _____.

development of fitness and highly skilled movements

In the context of assessment, _____ can be used to identify individuals' strengths and weaknesses, levels of abilities, and developmental status in the various domains.

diagnostic procedures

The belief that the mind and the body are separate entities is termed _____.

dualism

In the context of modern educational philosophy, progressives believed that _____ was the avenue to improving the social conditions of society.

education

Mobility and function even among the frail and very old adults can be maintained and improved through _____.

engagement in regular physical activity

In the context of the branches of philosophy, _____ is concerned with issues of right and wrong, responsibility, and standards of conduct.

ethics

The two extensions of axiology are _____.

ethics and aesthetics

According to Corbin, _____ is a combination of a well-established discipline and one or more professions that deliver a social service.

field

According to Corbin, a field should be _____.

focused on common goals

In the context of socioeconomic status, people who are poor _____ compared to those who are wealthier.

have less control over their lives

In 1947, the World Health Organization (WHO) defined _____ as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity.

health

The text states that all of the following factors influence physical activity levels except:

height.

Sport medicine is concerned with:

injury prevention.

Community recreation programs offer a great variety of _____.

instruction and sport activities for people of all ages and abilities

Natalia is an effective team leader and is known for making clever decisions for her team in the past. As a result, she has a high level of self-confidence, and trusts her abilities. In the scenario, the aspect of health displayed by Natalia is _____.

mental wellness

In the context of the branches of philosophy, _____ seeks to address the ultimate nature of reality, that is, what is real and exists.

metaphysics

According to the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans 2018, adults are recommended to engage in _____ for substantial health benefits.

moderate-intensity exercise for at least 2.5 hours a week

In context of physical education, _____ studies the factors that influence the development of abilities essential to movement.

motor development

As a form of therapy, dance is used to provide _____.

opportunities for individuals to express their thoughts and feelings

Exercise physiologists and other professionals who conduct high-quality exercise programs for older adults in sports clubs, senior citizen centers, and retirement communities at affordable costs and in such accessible locations are said to promote _____.

physical activity

In the context of major philosophies, _____ is a philosophy that holds experiences as the basis of truth.

pragmatism

John Dewey's ideas of _____ reflect a pragmatic orientation.

progressive education

The philosophy of naturalism lays emphasis on the importance of _____.

self-direction

Chris is a strong follower of his religion, and he strictly adheres to all the beliefs and principles of his religion. He believes it helps him lead a peaceful life. In this scenario, the health aspect displayed by Chris is _____.

spiritual wellness

In the context of physical education, the rehabilitation sciences exerted an important influence on the development of _____.

sports medicine

In the context of dualism, dualists usually emphasize the _____.

superiority of the mind over the body

Professionals who follow the tenets of idealism lay emphasis on _____.

the development of character

Exercise physiology is the study of:

the effects of various physical demands on the structure and function of the body.

In the context of the branches of philosophy, logic focuses on _____.

the examination of ideas in an orderly and systematic way

Sport sociology is the study of _____.

the role of sport in society and its impact on participants in sport

When an individual moves toward cultural competency, he or she is required to _____.

understand how factors such as power and privilege influence opportunities for different cultural groups

According to the philosophy of idealism, values and ideals are considered to be _____.

universal and absolute