Fred Slack MGMT 310 final exam
40) Which of the following attributes of a communication method will be the most important for a scientist who has to send large amounts of data to a colleague? A) complexity capacity B) feedback C) formality D) interpersonal warmth
A) complexity capacity
67) Research on conformity suggests that ________. A) conformity is a culture-bound behavior B) conformity tends to be higher in individualistic cultures C) conformity is a major problem in global teams D) conformity is higher in larger organizations
A) conformity is a culture-bound behavior
26) When a communication requires employees to follow their job description, or to comply with company policies, communication is being used to ________. A) control B) motivate C) provide a release for emotional expression D) persuade
A) control
64) An organization brings together members from various departments such as marketing, accounting, human resources, and finance to form a team. This is an example of a ________ team. A) cross-functional B) temporary C) specific D) functional
A) cross-functional
31) The process through which the symbols of a message are translated by the receiver into a form that he or she can understand is called ________. A) decoding B) encoding C) reinstating D) expanding
A) decoding
78) In order to increase face-to-face communication among employees, the workplace design should ________. A) maximize visibility and density B) maximize visibility and minimize density C) minimize visibility and density D) minimize visibility and maximize density
A) maximize visibility and density
34) McGregor's Theory X assumes that employees ________. A) need to be closely controlled to work effectively B) enjoy work C) seek out and accept responsibility D) exercise self-direction
A) need to be closely controlled to work effectively
29) The ________ stage of the group development process is one in which close relationships develop and the group becomes cohesive. A) norming B) forming C) storming D) performing
A) norming
32) Which of the following is considered to be the last stage of group development for permanent work groups? A) performing B) norming C) storming D) adjourning
A) performing
31) Which of the following needs is a lower-order need in Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory? A) physiological B) esteem C) social D) self-actualization
A) physiological
63) People who identify opportunities, show initiative, take action, and persevere until meaningful change occurs are said to have ________ personalities. A) proactive B) self-aware C) resilient D) agreeable
A) proactive
53) Which of the following types of conflict is based on how the work gets done? A) process conflict B) relationship conflict C) task conflict D) role conflict
A) process conflict
45) Which of the following methods of communication offers high scanability? A) publications B) face-to-face communication C) meetings D) voice mail
A) publications
81) The influence of models depends on how well an individual remembers the model's behavior. This refers to the individual's ________. A) retention process B) motor reproduction process C) attentional process D) reinforcement process
A) retention process
34) Behavior patterns expected of someone occupying a given position in a social unit is called a ________. A) role B) status C) profile D) persona
A) role
24) According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, when an employer provides his employees health insurance, he is taking care of their ________ needs. A) safety B) social C) self-actualization D) esteem
A) safety
44) Individuals have the tendency to expend less effort when working collectively than when working individually. Which of the following concepts relates most closely to this behavior? A) social loafing B) role conflict C) role ambiguity D) groupthink
A) social loafing
78) When people judge someone on the basis of the perception of a group they are a part of, they are using the shortcut called ________. A) stereotyping B) self-serving bias C) assumed similarity D) the halo effect
A) stereotyping
63) Which of the following is included in the class of contingency variables termed "environment" by the path-goal theory? A) task structure and formal authority system B) locus of control and experience C) perceived ability D) employee satisfaction
A) task structure and formal authority system
72) A social network structure refers to ________. A) the informal connections among individuals within groups B) the formal norms and rules of a group that members must abide by C) the extent of diversity in a formal group D) the varying skills and knowledge that the members of a group posses
A) the informal connections among individuals within groups
60) In the context of the reinforcement theory, reinforcers are ________. A) those consequences that immediately follow a behavior and increase the probability that the behavior will be repeated B) punishments or rewards that are given out for negative or positive employee behavior, respectively C) the specific, unambiguous goals that have been set for employees as a standard for measuring their performance D) the supervisors or managers who have the responsibility of monitoring and reinforcing desired employee behavior
A) those consequences that immediately follow a behavior and increase the probability that the behavior will be repeated
33) Which of the following traits is negatively related to group productivity and morale? A) unconventionality B) self-reliance C) independence D) sociability
A) unconventionality
64) In an effort to improve communication within the Accounts department of a large organization, the department head puts a suggestion box at the door and invites employees to communicate their thoughts, ideas, concerns, or grievances to the managers in the department. Which of the following methods of communication is he encouraging? A) upward B) diagonal C) downward D) lateral
A) upward
71) In a(n) ________ communication network, all communication passes through a clearly identifiable leader to the others in a team and upward from team members to the leader. A) wheel B) all-channel C) chain D) circular
A) wheel
46) In the Big Five Model of personality, ________ refers to the degree to which someone is good-natured, cooperative, and trusting. A) extraversion B) agreeableness C) conscientiousness D) emotional stability
B) agreeableness
44) Which of the following methods of communication should be used when the sender requires quick and accurate feedback? A) publications B) face-to-face C) postal mail D) fax
B) face-to-face
68) A test that Jake took at a career counseling session indicated that he preferred coordinated physical activity. He also turned out to be stable and conforming to expected standards. Which of the following occupations is likely to be a good match for Jake? A) counselor B) farmer C) biologist D) economist
B) farmer
72) In the job characteristics model, the dimension of ________ refers to the degree to which doing work activities required by a job results in an individual obtaining direct and clear information about the effectiveness of his or her performance. A) task significance B) feedback C) task identity D) autonomy
B) feedback
32) According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, ________ needs are predominantly satisfied externally while ________ needs are satisfied internally. A) social; physiological B) safety; self-actualization C) self-actualization; physiological D) social; safety
B) safety; self-actualization
82) Though IT has improved organizational communications in recent years, ________ remains a major concern. A) timeliness B) security C) cost D) breadth potential
B) security
29) Which of the following needs is the highest in Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory? A) safety needs B) self-actualization needs C) esteem needs D) social needs
B) self-actualization needs
73) ________ theory explains how we judge people differently depending on what meaning we ascribe to a given behavior. A) Perception B) Behavior C) Attribution D) Social contrast
C) Attribution
36) Laura sent a text message to Betty telling her that she would come by to pick her up after work so they could go shopping. Betty, however, made other plans for the evening thinking Laura was talking about going shopping the next day. Which of the following best explains what went wrong with the communication? A) Laura used a wrong channel of communication. B) Scanability of the message was poor. C) Betty decoded the message incorrectly. D) The complexity capacity of text messaging is poor.
C) Betty decoded the message incorrectly.
43) ________ and his associates proposed the three-needs theory. A) Frederick Herzberg B) Abraham Maslow C) David McClelland D) Douglas McGregor
C) David McClelland
62) ________ communication is communication that flows from a manager to employees. A) Lateral B) Upward C) Downward D) Horizontal
C) Downward
69) Which of the following is an accurate statement about transformational leaders? A) They are poor motivators. B) They clarify task requirements. C) They exhibit more than just charisma. D) They focus on tasks and pay little attention to followers.
C) They exhibit more than just charisma.
Which of the following is an example of a formal group? A) people who assemble in the company library to read B) a group of employees attending a colleague's wedding C) a functional department in an organization D) a group of employees who meet after work to play basketball
C) a functional department in an organization
36) The University of Iowa studies discussed all of the following leadership styles except ________. A) laissez-faire B) democratic C) accommodating D) autocratic
C) accommodating
55) Listening for full meaning without making premature judgments or interpretations is called ________. A) passive hearing B) lateral communication C) active listening D) decoding
C) active listening
30) The ________ component of attitude is based on emotions. A) cognitive B) behavioral C) affective D) practical
C) affective
82) In the expectancy theory, ________ is the degree to which the individual believes that performing at a particular level is instrumental in attaining the desired outcome. A) expectancy B) valence C) performance-reward linkage D) effort-performance linkage
C) performance-reward linkage
66) Holland's theory proposes that satisfaction is highest and turnover lowest when ________. A) the locus of control is external B) an employee is social and realistic C) personality and occupation are compatible D) an employee can adjust behavior to external factors
C) personality and occupation are compatible
47) According to the three-needs theory, the need for ________ is the need to make others behave in a way that they would not have behaved otherwise. A) safety B) affiliation C) power D) achievement
C) power
50) People with a high need for achievement ________. A) emphasize helping others accomplish their goals B) make good managers, especially in large organizations C) prefer moderately challenging goals D) emphasize the rewards of success
C) prefer moderately challenging goals
43) Large groups consistently get better results than smaller ones, when the group is involved in ________. A) groupthink B) routine tasks C) problem solving D) long-term projects
C) problem solving
81) Which of the following is a disadvantage of using IT in organizational communication? A) economic drawbacks B) geographic constraints C) psychological costs D) time constraints
C) psychological costs
40) According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, which of the following is a motivator? A) working conditions B) salary C) responsibility D) security
C) responsibility
30) Which of the following needs is a lower-order need in Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory? A) social B) esteem C) safety D) self-actualization
C) safety
25) In the context of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, when a company has a space where employees can meet during breaks and catch up with each other, the company is taking care of the employees' ________ needs. A) safety B) self-actualization C) social D) physiological
C) social
40) This managerial grid used the behavioral dimensions "concern for people" and ________ and evaluated a leader's use of these behaviors, ranking them on a scale from 1 (low) to 9 (high). A) "concern for integrity" B) "concern for profit" C) "concern for environment" D) "concern for production"
D) "concern for production"
23) In which of the following cases has communication occurred? A) Gary updates his blog regularly, even though no one reads it. B) Brian attends all the Algebra lectures, but is unable to understand the subject. C) Jen has sent an urgent e-mail to her Japanese colleague, but a translator is not yet available. D) Ana tells her manager that she needs a new computer, but he says that the company can't afford it.
D) Ana tells her manager that she needs a new computer, but he says that the company can't afford it.
46) ________ is the deliberate manipulation of information to make it appear more favorable to the receiver. A) Lateral communication B) Encoding C) Diagonal communication D) Filtering
D) Filtering
37) The two-factor theory—also known as the motivation-hygiene theory—was proposed by ________. A) David McClelland B) Abraham Maslow C) Douglas McGregor D) Frederick Herzberg
D) Frederick Herzberg
57) Conflicts can be resolved by withdrawing from them or suppressing them. This conflict management technique is known as ________. A) compromising B) forcing C) accommodating D) avoiding
D) avoiding
70) Bridget prefers rule-regulated, orderly, and unambiguous activities. She doesn't have a lot of imagination but could be described as conforming and efficient. Which of the following describes Bridget's personality? A) social B) artistic C) enterprising D) conventional
D) conventional
27) According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, a person's needs for self-respect, autonomy, achievement, status, recognition, and attention constitute his ________ needs. A) safety B) physical C) social D) esteem
D) esteem
45) The Big Five Model of personality includes ________. A) intuition B) judgement C) perception D) extraversion
D) extraversion
65) Leadership is very important to effective teams. In most cases, effective team leaders act as ________. A) autocrats B) regulators C) controllers D) facilitators
D) facilitators
37) The final link in the communication process is ________. A) encoding B) decoding C) receiving D) feedback
D) feedback
41) As a manager, if you prefer to have a harmonious work environment and dislike reprimanding your subordinates, you would probably score high on the ________ aspect of the MBTI®. A) perception B) thinking C) intuition D) feeling
D) feeling
30) Early research on leadership traits ________. A) sought to prove that charisma was an essential trait of leadership B) focused entirely on behavioral traits rather than physical traits of a leader C) found consistent and unique traits that would apply universally to all effective leaders D) focused on characteristics that might differentiate leaders from nonleaders
D) focused on characteristics that might differentiate leaders from nonleaders
58) When a manager asks an employee to complete a task, he or she is using ________ communication. A) upward B) lateral C) informal D) formal
D) formal
51) The type of conflicts that support group goals and improve performance are called ________. A) planned conflicts B) strategic conflicts C) natural conflicts D) functional conflicts
D) functional conflicts
70) In the job characteristics model, task significance refers to the degree to which a job ________. A) provides freedom, independence, and discretion to the individual in carrying out the work B) requires a variety of activities and uses a number of different employee skills and talents C) requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work D) has a substantial impact on the lives or work of other people
D) has a substantial impact on the lives or work of other people
60) A work group ________. A) encourages open-ended discussions and active problem-solving meetings B) works intensely on a specific goal using their positive synergy C) measures performance directly by assessing collective work outputs D) has no need or opportunity to engage in collective work that requires joint effort
D) has no need or opportunity to engage in collective work that requires joint effort
54) Listening is an active search for meaning, whereas ________ is passive. A) speaking B) encoding C) decoding D) hearing
D) hearing
Groups that are determined by the organization chart and composed of individuals who report directly to a given manager are called ________. A) command groups B) task groups C) cross-functional teams D) self-managed teams
command groups
22) Which of the following is associated with the study of individuals? A) norms B) roles C) team building D) perception
D) perception
85) Eliminating any reinforcement that's maintaining an undesirable behavior is called ________. A) penalizing B) extinction C) punishment D) extraction
B) extinction
40) Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding status systems? A) Anything can have status value if others in the group evaluate it that way. B) Status is a weak employee motivator even though it has behavioral consequences. C) Status can only be formally conferred on individuals. D) Status systems are independent of aspects such as prestige and grading.
A) Anything can have status value if others in the group evaluate it that way.
36) Which of the following is a negative aspect of group norms? A) Being part of a group has the ability to increase an individual's antisocial actions. B) The most widespread norms are those related to dress codes. C) Groups become dysfunctional when they maintain strict norms. D) Norms do not influence employees' performance.
A) Being part of a group has the ability to increase an individual's antisocial actions.
80) ________ justice is the perceived fairness of the amount and allocation of rewards among individuals. A) Distributive B) Restorative C) Retributive D) Procedural
A) Distributive
24) ________ is a performance measure of both the efficiency and effectiveness of employees. A) Employee productivity B) Organizational citizenship behavior C) Job satisfaction D) Turnover
A) Employee productivity
46) Which of the following statements is true about group decision making? A) It generates more complete information and knowledge. B) It takes lesser time to reach a solution than it would an individual. C) It prevents any one minority from dominating or influencing the final decision. D) It is most suitable for matters that need to be critically evaluated.
A) It generates more complete information and knowledge.
55) A low-to-moderate level of task conflict consistently has a positive effect on group performance. What is the reason for this? A) It stimulates discussion of ideas that help groups be more innovative. B) It helps the organization identify employee skills gaps. C) It helps groups to alter the nature of the work according to the individual needs of team members. D) It helps groups members identify their individual strengths and weaknesses.
A) It stimulates discussion of ideas that help groups be more innovative.
65) ________ refers to the vertical expansion of a job by adding planning and evaluating responsibilities. A) Job enrichment B) Job enlargement C) Job sharing D) Job rotation
A) Job enrichment
63) ________ refers to the number of different tasks required in a job and the frequency with which those tasks are repeated. A) Job scope B) Job depth C) Task significance D) Task identity
A) Job scope
61) Identify the key difference between work teams and work groups. A) Leadership is shared in work teams whereas it rests on a particular individual in work groups. B) Work groups have their own specific purpose, while the purpose of a work team is the same as that of the organizations. C) In a work group, performance is measured directly, while in a work team it is measured indirectly. D) In a work team, work is decided upon by the group leader, whereas in the work group it is decided upon by group members.
A) Leadership is shared in work teams whereas it rests on a particular individual in work groups.
59) ________ theory says that behavior is a function of its consequences. A) Reinforcement B) Goal-setting C) Equity D) Two-factor
A) Reinforcement
52) ________ conflict relates to the content and goals of the work. A) Task B) Process C) Relationship D) Network
A) Task
79) Selenius Inc. develops and tests software products. The work calls for a lot of collaboration among employees, who frequently brainstorm and bounce ideas off each other. Which of the following workplace designs will best suit Selenius' requirements? A) an open workplace B) closed cubicles C) high partitions D) individual offices
A) an open workplace
70) In the ________ communication network, communication flows according to the formal organizational hierarchy, both downward and upward. A) chain B) all-channel C) wheel D) horizontal
A) chain
45) Which of the following suggestions will help reduce the effect of social loafing in groups? A) clearly identify individual responsibilities B) provide group rewards instead of individual rewards C) increase the overall size of the group D) form homogeneous groups to increase group cohesiveness
A) clearly identify individual responsibilities
28) The component of attitude that includes beliefs and opinions is the ________ component. A) cognitive B) behavioral C) affective D) practical
A) cognitive
29) Which component of attitude is reflected in the sentence, "This is the best way to reach the place."? A) cognitive B) behavioral C) emotive D) affective
A) cognitive
27) The three components that make up an attitude are ________ components. A) cognitive, affective, and behavioral B) active, behavioral, and adjustable C) emotional, creative, and environmental D) intentional, reactive, and adjustable
A) cognitive, affective, and behavioral
56) In which of the following conflict resolution techniques are conflicts resolved by seeking an advantageous solution for all the parties involved? A) collaborating B) compromising C) forcing D) accommodating
A) collaborating
55) The goal-setting theory states that ________. A) employee participation in goal-setting is not always necessary for ensuring performance B) self-generated feedback is largely ineffective as a motivator C) in order to maximize performance, goals must not be made public D) motivation is maximized by setting moderately challenging goals
A) employee participation in goal-setting is not always necessary for ensuring performance
51) According to research, employees who have a high internal locus of control ________. A) exhibit more satisfaction with their jobs than externals B) are more alienated from their work setting than externals C) are less involved in their jobs as compared to externals D) blame their bosses for poor performance more often than externals
A) exhibit more satisfaction with their jobs than externals
81) In the expectancy theory, ________ is the probability perceived by the individual that exerting a given amount of effort will lead to a certain level of performance. A) expectancy B) valence C) instrumentality D) saliency
A) expectancy
53) Which of the following is a way for managers to overcome the barriers to communication? A) feedback B) decoding C) encoding D) filtering
A) feedback
47) When a person tells his or her manager what the manager wants to hear, which of the following barriers to effective interpersonal communication is the person using? A) filtering B) selective perception C) feedback D) defensiveness
A) filtering
75) Underestimating the influence of external factors and overestimating the influence of internal factors when making judgments about others is known as the ________. A) fundamental attribution error B) self-serving bias C) assumption of similarity D) halo effect
A) fundamental attribution error
38) The cognitive dissonance theory proposes that the intensity of the desire to reduce dissonance is determined by ________. A) importance, influence, and rewards B) economics, politics, and organizational structure C) stability, position, and power D) awareness, status, and punishments
A) importance, influence, and rewards
60) The ________ communication system within an organization permits employees to satisfy their need for social interaction with their peers. A) informal B) upward C) formal D) downward
A) informal
66) An incentive system which appropriately recognizes team activities is an example of which of the following characteristics of effective teams? A) internal support B) unified commitment C) negotiating skills D) job design
A) internal support
52) Anna has recently been promoted to the managerial ranks which has increased her interaction with the senior managers at her company. She realizes that Peter, her assistant manager, exhibits a distinct lack of emotional involvement with his colleagues and subordinates. His entire focus is on achieving the goals he sets, no matter what the course he has to take to get there. These traits lead Anna to conclude that Peter ________.
A) is high on Machiavellianism
88) Jack Hammer is a retired man who has decided to seek work with your company to supplement his retirement income. As you consider whether he will be a good fit for your department, you determine that he is likely to find satisfaction in the job because it ________. A) is in a highly structured work environment B) offers convenient and flexible work hours C) is characterized by a high degree of independence D) provides an opportunity for interpersonal relationships
A) is in a highly structured work environment
35) The degree to which an employee identifies with his or her job or actively participates in it refers to the employee's ________. A) job involvement B) organizational commitment C) global commitment D) job satisfaction
A) job involvement
43) Fiedler would expect that the best leadership style was a function of ________. A) leader-member relations, task structure, and position power B) formal authority, production process, and personality of employees C) chain of command, relationships, and power D) type of organization, personality of leader, and education of employees
A) leader-member relations, task structure, and position power
52) According to the three-needs theory, the best managers tend to be ________. A) low in the need for affiliation B) low in the need for power C) high in the need for security D) high in the need for achievement
A) low in the need for affiliation
34) Which of the following is true for satisfied employees with high organizational commitment? A) lower rates of turnover and absenteeism B) higher rates of voluntary turnover C) higher rates of cognitive dissonance D) significantly higher pay levels
A) lower rates of turnover and absenteeism
48) According to the three-needs theory, the need for ________ is the desire for friendly and close interpersonal relationships. A) control B) affiliation C) power D) achievement
B) affiliation
61) Which of the following actions accurately reflects the reinforcement theory of motivation? A) A company's policy of cutting a day's pay if an employee reports to work later than 10.30 A.M. B) A company's policy of giving its sales staff cash coupons for exceeding their daily targets. C) A company initiating a process of job redesign to engage its employees better. D) A company setting specific and difficult goals and ensuring that employees accept them.
B) A company's policy of giving its sales staff cash coupons for exceeding their daily targets.
70) Which of the following countries is most likely to assign status based on accomplishments rather than on titles and family history? A) China B) Australia C) Brazil D) India
B) Australia
67) Which of the following is an example of lateral communication? A) George informs his superior about the progress of the new project. B) Brian talks to his teammate about a change in project specifications. C) Richard penalizes John for not following the company dress code. D) Paul tells the CEO about the low morale in his department.
B) Brian talks to his teammate about a change in project specifications.
33) Theory X and Theory Y—two assumptions about human nature—were proposed by ________. A) Frederick Herzberg B) Douglas McGregor C) Abraham Maslow D) David McClelland
B) Douglas McGregor
69) Which of the following is a benefit of global teams? A) Communication problems are less likely in global teams. B) Global teams usually have a greater diversity of ideas. C) There is a greater trust among team members. D) Stress and tension are uncommon in global teams.
B) Global teams usually have a greater diversity of ideas.
54) Which of the following is true of a person who believes that "the ends justify the means"? A) He is likely to be low on self-confidence. B) He is likely to be high in Machiavellianism. C) He is likely to have an external locus of control. D) He is likely to be risk averse.
B) He is likely to be high in Machiavellianism.
43) Which of the following is true of nonverbal communication? A) It is synonymous with body language. B) It carries greater impact than verbal communication. C) It is absent in spoken communication. D) It is involuntary; it cannot be used deliberately.
B) It carries greater impact than verbal communication.
77) Which of the following is true for organizational communication? A) It uses formal but not informal communication techniques. B) It includes informal communication via the grapevine. C) Information flows according to the organization's chain of command. D) It does not include interpersonal communication.
B) It includes informal communication via the grapevine.
71) Which of the following is true about social loafing? A) It is a common phenomenon in collectivist cultures. B) It is common in cultures that are dominated by self-interest. C) It is viewed as a positive characteristic in some cultures. D) It rarely occurs in Western cultures.
B) It is common in cultures that are dominated by self-interest.
53) An individual who is high in ________ is pragmatic, maintains emotional distance, and believes that ends can justify means. A) self-esteem B) Machiavellianism C) self-monitoring D) risk taking
B) Machiavellianism
63) ________ are teams from the same department or functional area involved in efforts to improve work activities, though they are rarely given the authority to implement any of their suggested actions. A) Self-managed teams B) Problem-solving teams C) Virtual teams D) Cross-functional teams
B) Problem-solving teams
48) Which of the following is true of filtering? A) Filtering aids effective communication by making a message more favorable to a receiver. B) The more vertical levels in an organization, the more opportunities there are for filtering. C) Filtering occurs at the individual level; the organization cannot encourage or discourage it. D) The use of e-mail increases filtering because communication is more direct.
B) The more vertical levels in an organization, the more opportunities there are for filtering.
53) The three needs identified in the three-needs theory can be measured by using a projective test known as the ________ in which respondents react to a set of pictures. Each picture is briefly shown to a person who writes a story based on the picture. Trained interpreters then determine the individual's levels of nAch, nPow, and nAff from the stories written. A) House-Tree-Person Test B) Thematic Apperception Test C) Robert's Apperception Test D) Rorschach test
B) Thematic Apperception Test
56) Which of the following is true for active listeners? A) They should avoid making eye contact and nodding as this will distract the speaker. B) They should not interrupt the speaker, but should feel free to ask questions about the topic. C) They should listen for full meaning and avoid paraphrasing what the speaker is saying. D) Developing empathy for the speaker is not advised as it proves an emotional barrier to listening.
B) They should not interrupt the speaker, but should feel free to ask questions about the topic.
59) ________ interact primarily to share information and to make decisions to help each member do his or her job more efficiently and effectively. A) Informal groups B) Work groups C) Work teams D) Self-managed teams
B) Work groups
44) The three-needs theory of motivation states that there are three ________ needs that are major motives in work. A) physical B) acquired C) safety D) innate
B) acquired
31) In which stage of group development does the group focus its attention on wrapping up activities instead of task performance? A) storming B) adjourning C) forming D) norming
B) adjourning
76) Sarah is using the JCM to redesign jobs for her small team of writers. After carefully analyzing their jobs, she determines that while their jobs are high in skill variety, task identity, task significance, and autonomy, they receive little feedback about their work. Which of the following steps will enable Sarah to improve this aspect of their jobs? A) adding editing and proof-reading duties to their existing work B) allowing the writers to directly conduct business with their clients C) allowing writers to choose their topics and assignments D) making employees responsible for executing a piece of work from start to finish
B) allowing the writers to directly conduct business with their clients
42) In comparison to large groups, small groups ________. A) have shorter group tenure B) are faster at completing tasks C) have longer norming processes D) are better at obtaining diverse input
B) are faster at completing tasks
21) Individual behavior in organizations includes ________. A) strategies, norms, and roles B) attitudes, learning, and motivation C) structure, culture, and team building D) policies and procedures
B) attitudes, learning, and motivation
32) Which of the following describes the leadership style in which a leader tends to centralize authority, dictate work methods, make unilateral decisions, and limit employee participation? A) cultural style B) autocratic style C) democratic style D) laissez-faire style
B) autocratic style
71) In the job characteristics model, the dimension of ________ refers to the degree to which a job provides substantial freedom, independence, and discretion to the individual in scheduling the work and determining the procedures to be used in carrying it out. A) task significance B) autonomy C) task identity D) skill variety
B) autonomy
74) According to the JCM, which job characteristic leads to an employee experiencing responsibility for outcomes of his or her work? A) task significance B) autonomy C) feedback D) skill variety
B) autonomy
32) When someone chooses to act in a certain way, she is demonstrating the ________ component of her attitude. A) cognitive B) behavioral C) affective D) practices
B) behavioral
33) In the statement, "The highway is very busy at 5 p.m. and is scary to drive on, so I'll wait until 7 p.m. to go home," the phrase, "so I'll wait until 7 p.m. to go home," represents which component of an attitude? A) cognitive B) behavioral C) emotive D) affective
B) behavioral
39) Which of the following describes the number of different messages that can be transmitted using a particular method of communication? A) complexity capacity B) breadth potential C) scanability D) encoding ease
B) breadth potential
74) Joanna Williams, an enthusiastic and confident lady, was appointed to head a team of market researchers at a time when there was considerable unrest within the team. Under her guidance, however, the team's performance improved drastically. They not only did their job well but also learned to resolve their personal differences in the interest of their work. Joanna can be described as a(n) ________ leader. A) telling B) charismatic C) authoritative D) participative
B) charismatic
76) Because rumors that flow along the grapevine can never be eliminated entirely, managers can minimize the negative consequences of rumors by ________. A) ignoring them completely B) communicating openly and honestly with employees C) encouraging an all-channel communication network D) using filtering wherever possible
B) communicating openly and honestly with employees
69) When an organization has an interest in increasing the efficiency and speed of communication between managers at different levels and in different departments, then ________. A) upward communication works best B) diagonal communication should be used C) lateral communication is ideal D) upward communication works the fastest
B) diagonal communication should be used
63) Jon is the manager of the Finance department. He has to inform the employees in the department about the introduction of a new analytical software and the resultant changes in procedures. Which of the following types of communication does he use? A) upward B) downward C) lateral D) diagonal
B) downward
57) Which of the following helps an individual to understand the actual content of a message? A) antipathy B) empathy C) apathy D) empowerment
B) empathy
65) The ability to sense how others are feeling is known as ________. A) emotional stability B) empathy C) resilience D) self-awareness
B) empathy
30) During the communication process, the message is converted to a symbolic form. This process is called ________. A) decoding B) encoding C) deciphering D) expanding
B) encoding
50) Sarah needs funding to research the efficacy of a certain drug for the treatment of cancer. Though her initial trials have been inconclusive, Sarah is sure that the drug will prove to be effective. However, the organizations she plans to approach for funding will not be very impressed with the results of the previous trials and may withhold funding. Sarah has to structure her proposal in such a way that she emphasizes the positives about the drug and minimizes the negative information. Which of the following best describes Sarah's technique of writing her proposal? A) diagonal communication B) filtering C) defensiveness D) jargon
B) filtering
86) To maximize motivation among today's workforce, managers need to think in terms of ________. A) job autonomy B) flexibility C) job security D) compensation
B) flexibility
51) You are acting as manager and mentor to Melanie, an employee who has been identified as a high achiever. Going by McClelland's three-needs theory, which of the following measures would best help you motivate Marsha to do her best? A) promising her a promotion and a raise if she reaches her targets B) giving her a job that holds her personally responsible for finding solutions to problems C) setting goals that are just out of her reach D) giving her a managerial position that requires her to help others accomplish their goals
B) giving her a job that holds her personally responsible for finding solutions to problems
62) A work team ________. A) focuses on efficiency rather than collaboration B) has shared leadership roles C) measures performance based on its influence on others D) cannot be quickly refocused or disbanded
B) has shared leadership roles
41) Herzberg called the factors that create job dissatisfaction ________ factors; when these factors are adequate, people won't be dissatisfied, but they won't be satisfied either. A) intrinsic B) hygiene C) motivating D) neutral
B) hygiene
39) Age, skill, and experience are examples of ________. A) formal status categories B) informal status categories C) reserved status categories D) external status categories
B) informal status categories
51) A(n) ________ occurs when the amount of data provided exceeds the recipient's processing capacity. A) perceptual barrier B) information overload C) conceptual block D) physical barrier
B) information overload
73) Evidence indicates that transformational leadership is strongly correlated with ________. A) lower turnover rates and lower levels of goal attainment and follower well-being B) lower turnover rates and higher levels of productivity and creativity C) higher turnover rates and lower levels of productivity and employee satisfaction D) higher turnover rates and higher levels of employee satisfaction and follower well-being
B) lower turnover rates and higher levels of productivity and creativity
82) After watching a behavior in a social learning situation, a person can learn by performing the behavior. This is known as learning by ________. A) retention B) motor reproduction C) attention D) reinforcement
B) motor reproduction
83) When a manager molds an individual's behavior by guiding his or her learning in graduated steps, he is using ________.
B) motor reproduction processes
45) Which of the following are the three needs identified in the three-needs theory of motivation? A) need for affiliation, need for security, need for power B) need for achievement, need for power, need for affiliation C) need for power, need for achievement, need for safety D) need for power, need for safety, need for affiliation
B) need for achievement, need for power, need for affiliation
35) The acceptable standards or expectations that are shared by a group's members are referred to as ________. A) affiliations B) norms C) criteria D) morals
B) norms
36) The degree to which an employee identifies with a particular organization and its goals and wishes to maintain membership in the organization is the employee's ________. A) job involvement B) organizational commitment C) global commitment D) organizational citizenship
B) organizational commitment
25) George prepares a memorandum explaining the objectives of a newly created work team that he is expected to manage, and makes sure it reaches each team member. He is involved in ________. A) deciphering the message B) organizational communication C) lateral communication D) decoding the message
B) organizational communication
23) In Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, ________ needs form the lowest or foundational step in the hierarchy. A) social B) physiological C) esteem D) safety
B) physiological
54) Which of the following types of conflict is most likely to be dysfunctional? A) task conflict B) relationship conflict C) process conflict D) procedural conflict
B) relationship conflict
84) If an employee does not exhibit a desired behavior, a manager might use ________. A) negative reinforcement to increase the recurrence of the behavior B) shaping to guide the employee to learn the desired behavior C) positive reinforcement by reducing the threat of a punishment D) reflexive behavior to encourage positive results
B) shaping to guide the employee to learn the desired behavior
73) According to the JCM, which three job characteristics are crucial to an employee experiencing meaningfulness of his or her work? A) autonomy, task identity, and task significance B) skill variety, task identity, and task significance C) autonomy, feedback, and task significance D) skill variety, autonomy, and feedback
B) skill variety, task identity, and task significance
38) Which of the following refers to a prestige grading, position, or rank within a group? A) role B) status C) ownership D) membership
B) status
28) During the ________ stage of the group development process, a relatively clear hierarchy of leadership and agreement on the group's direction emerge. A) forming B) storming C) norming D) performing
B) storming
71) Andrew is social, friendly, and understanding, and prefers activities that involve helping and developing others. Which of the following occupations is a potentially good match for him? A) accountant B) teacher C) artist D) news reporter
B) teacher
42) CISCO's Unified Personal Communicator allows fast and easy access to voice, video, instant messaging, web conferencing, voicemail, and presence capabilities through a single, multimedia interface on your PC or Mac. Which of the following aspects of communication problems does this personal communicator address? A) security concerns arising from the use of the Internet B) time-space constraint C) decoding errors D) encoding errors
B) time-space constraint
27) Alec is hired as a senior analyst at Tech Research Institute and is assigned to a project with four other researchers. He soon realizes that two of his teammates do not see eye-to-eye on many issues. Far from being solved, the situation escalates over the next couple of months. This bothers Alec a great deal because he is expected to coordinate his work with them. He decides to speak to his manager about the problem and seek his advice. In this example, communication is being used ________. A) informally B) to control C) to motivate D) to inform
B) to control
61) Downward communication is used ________. A) by employees to give managers progress reports B) to coordinate and evaluate employees C) between employees at the same organizational level D) between people of different departments and organizational levels
B) to coordinate and evaluate employees
49) The ________ view of conflict management argues that conflicts must be avoided as it indicates a problem within the group. A) human relations B) traditional C) interactionist D) functional
B) traditional
83) In the expectancy theory, ________ is the importance that the individual places on the potential outcome or reward that can be achieved on the job. A) expectancy B) valence C) instrumentality D) saliency
B) valence
37) Asch's experiment, which used lines of varying lengths to test group behavior, has shown the existence of ________. A) status systems B) workplace conformity C) social loafing D) role conflicts
B) workplace conformity
66) Which of the following management styles will most likely encourage upward communication? A) dictatorial B) paternalistic C) participative D) authoritarian
C) participative
22) The hierarchy of needs theory of motivation was proposed by ________, a psychologist who proposed that within every person is a hierarchy of five needs. A) Douglas McGregor B) Frederick Herzberg C) Abraham Maslow D) David McClelland
C) Abraham Maslow
25) ________ is defined as the failure to report to work. A) Turnover B) Tardiness C) Absenteeism D) Negligence
C) Absenteeism
34) Which of the following is true for the communication process? A) The decoding process takes place within the channel. B) Noise cannot affect the encoding of the message. C) Encoding takes place before the message reaches the medium. D) The sender decodes the message and then transmits it.
C) Encoding takes place before the message reaches the medium.
67) Which of the following is true about job enlargement and job enrichment? A) Job enlargement efforts that focus solely on increasing the number of tasks are largely effective in increasing employee motivation. B) Research shows that job enrichment improves employee motivation and satisfaction. C) Expanding the scope of knowledge used in a job leads to more job satisfaction, enhanced customer service, and fewer errors. D) Research shows that job enrichment is very useful in improving the quality of work of employees.
C) Expanding the scope of knowledge used in a job leads to more job satisfaction, enhanced customer service, and fewer errors.
47) Which of the following is true about group decision making? A) Groups tend to foster equal participation in decision making. B) The pressure to conform is low when working in groups. C) Groups take more time to arrive at a decision. D) Groups usually make decisions based on incomplete information.
C) Groups take more time to arrive at a decision.
42) Which of the following is true about Herzberg's two-factor theory? A) Herzberg believed that the factors that led to job satisfaction were the same as those that led to job dissatisfaction. B) To motivate people, Herzberg suggested emphasizing the hygiene factors of a job. C) Herzberg's theory has influenced how we currently design jobs. D) According to Herzberg, removing dissatisfying characteristics from a job will invariably make that job more satisfying and motivating.
C) Herzberg's theory has influenced how we currently design jobs.
28) In which of the following cases is communication used to control employee behavior? A) Sandy tells Mitch that she's happy with the progress he's making. B) Glenn lets Ann know that the deadline for her project has been postponed. C) Jan informs Sara that she must follow the dress code at work. D) Chris gives Jason tips on how to improve his performance.
C) Jan informs Sara that she must follow the dress code at work.
64) ________ refers to the horizontal expansion of a job by increasing job scope, or the number of different tasks required in a job and the frequency with which those tasks are repeated. A) Job enrichment B) Empowerment C) Job enlargement D) Job sharing
C) Job enlargement
89) Which of the following is true about motivating unique groups of workers? A) Higher pay is the only reward that is important to low-skilled, minimum-wage employees. B) Flexible work arrangements have shown a strong link with high motivation levels. C) Money and promotions are typically low on the priority list of professionals. D) For most temp workers, the freedom they get from their temporary status is the main motivator.
C) Money and promotions are typically low on the priority list of professionals.
90) ________ is a motivational approach in which an organization's financial statements are shared with all employees. A) Pay-for-performance B) Self-determination approach C) Open-book management D) I-Change model
C) Open-book management
80) ________ behavior is voluntary or learned behavior. A) Reflexive B) Dissonant C) Operant D) Reactive
C) Operant
24) ________ consists of all the patterns, networks, and systems of communication within an organization. A) The grapevine B) Interpersonal communication C) Organizational communication D) Formal communication
C) Organizational communication
67) What is a key point of Holland's theory? A) There are no intrinsic differences in personality among individuals. B) All jobs are relatively the same, it is personality types that differ. C) People in job environments compatible with their personality types should be more satisfied. D) Employee turnover is highest when personality and occupation are compatible.
C) People in job environments compatible with their personality types should be more satisfied.
37) ________ is employees' general belief that their organization values their contribution and cares about their well-being. A) Job involvement B) Organizational commitment C) Perceived organizational support D) Cognitive dissonance
C) Perceived organizational support
59) ________ is a personality trait that measures an individual's ability to adjust his or her behavior according to external situational factors. A) Machiavellianism B) Self-esteem C) Self-monitoring D) Locus of control
C) Self-monitoring
35) Adam has to tell the members of his department that the office timings have changed from flexible timings to a strict nine-to-five day. He calls a meeting to explain the change. Participants begin arguing and asking multiple questions about the new timing policy. The next day, Adam realizes that most people still do not have a clear idea about the change, as a result of the confusion at the meeting. Which of the following explains why the message was not understood? A) The sender did not decode the message appropriately. B) The recipients did not encode the message correctly. C) The noise in the process interfered with the transmission of the message. D) The channel was not appropriate for the delivery of this message.
C) The noise in the process interfered with the transmission of the message.
68) Which of the following is a drawback of global teams? A) They generate only a small pool of ideas when faced with problems. B) They do not foster the appreciation of multiple perspectives. C) They are characterized by greater potential for stereotyping. D) They are highly susceptible to groupthink.
C) They are characterized by greater potential for stereotyping.
74) Over the years, managers at Wilson's Retail have discovered that the sales staff in the retail areas have the best insights into what customers want and how they shop. Wilson's uses these insights to design its retail spaces and decide which products to stock. To make the sharing of information easier, Wilson's encourages an open communication network, where information flows freely between and among staff and managers. Which of the following communication networks does Wilson's use? A) chain B) wheel C) all-channel D) downward
C) all-channel
79) The equity theory proposes that ________. A) offering employees part of the company's shares, or equity, motivates them to do their best because their performance directly ties in with the company's B) employees expect that exerting a given amount of effort will lead to a certain level of performance and will be demotivated if that does not happen C) an employee compares his or her job's input-outcomes ratio with that of relevant others and then corrects any inequity D) employees are more likely to show initiative at work if they are more involved in decisions that affect their work
C) an employee compares his or her job's input-outcomes ratio with that of relevant others and then corrects any inequity
57) People with high self-esteem ________. A) are more prone to conform to the beliefs of those they respect B) are more likely to seek approval from others C) are more likely to take unpopular stands D) are more susceptible to external influence
C) are more likely to take unpopular stands
77) In ________, the observer's perception of others is influenced more by the observer's own characteristics than by those of the person observed. A) stereotyping B) self-serving bias C) assumed similarity D) the halo effect
C) assumed similarity
87) Studies tell us that men place more importance on having ________ in their jobs, while women seek ________. A) structure; interpersonal relationships B) independence; highly structured work opportunities C) autonomy; convenience and flexibility D) flexibility; learning opportunities
C) autonomy; convenience and flexibility
74) If everyone who's faced with a similar situation responds in the same way, we can say the behavior shows ________. A) reliability B) distinctiveness C) consensus D) internal attribution
C) consensus
33) The ________ style of leadership describes a leader who tends to involve employees in decision making, delegate authority, encourage participation in deciding work methods and goals, and use feedback as an opportunity for coaching employees. A) cultural B) autocratic C) democratic D) laissez-faire
C) democratic
54) Goal-setting theory says that ________. A) goals should be loosely defined and moderately challenging to maximize motivation B) a generalized goal of "do your best" is likely to be most effective in ensuring high performance C) difficult goals, when accepted, result in higher performance than do easy goals D) to be effective, goals set should be easily achievable for the top performers
C) difficult goals, when accepted, result in higher performance than do easy goals
38) Complexity capacity refers to the degree to which the communication method ________. A) offers a reasonable assurance of confidentiality B) makes a simple message seem more complex C) effectively processes complicated messages D) offers quick and accurate feedback
C) effectively processes complicated messages
21) The ________ element in the definition of motivation is a measure of intensity, drive, and vigor. A) persistence B) conformance C) energy D) direction
C) energy
35) McGregor's Theory Y assumes that employees ________. A) have little ambition B) want to avoid responsibility C) enjoy work D) need to be closely controlled to work effectively
C) enjoy work
26) In the context of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, when a company names an "Employee of the Month" and "Employee of the Quarter," the company is addressing employees' ________ needs. A) safety B) self-actualization C) esteem D) physiological
C) esteem
50) A person who believes that what happens to him is due to luck or chance is said to have a(n) ________. A) internal locus of control B) Machiavellian personality C) external locus of control D) self-monitoring personality
C) external locus of control
38) Frederick Herzberg's two-factor theory proposes that ________. A) intrinsic factors cause job dissatisfaction B) extrinsic factors have the maximum effect on job satisfaction C) extrinsic factors are associated with job dissatisfaction D) intrinsic factors have little effect on job satisfaction
C) extrinsic factors are associated with job dissatisfaction
49) All of the following are barriers to effective interpersonal communication, EXCEPT ________. A) filtering B) selective perception C) feedback D) defensiveness
C) feedback
75) According to the JCM, which job characteristic results in the employee knowing about the actual results of his or her work activities? A) task significance B) autonomy C) feedback D) skill variety
C) feedback
87) Which of the following managerial styles will Gen Y workers approve of and respond to? A) authoritarian B) paternal C) flexible D) dictatorial
C) flexible
72) In the all-channel network, communication flows ________. A) downward from a strong leader to his subordinates in the work group B) in a parallel fashion until all of the members of a work group have been informed C) freely among all members of a formal work team D) among the managers of a functional area of an organization
C) freely among all members of a formal work team
40) In the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), "sensing" personality types are those who ________. A) like solving new problems and dislike doing the same thing over and over again B) use reason and logic to handle problems C) have a high need for closure and show patience with routine details D) are outgoing, social, and assertive
C) have a high need for closure and show patience with routine details
61) Kevin is a whirlwind as a research and development supervisor. His colleagues are surprised that even though he makes decisions very quickly and always with less information than others, his decisions are as good as anybody else's. This information implies that Kevin has ________. A) an external locus of control B) low Machiavellianism C) high risk-taking ability D) low cognitive dissonance
C) high risk-taking ability
56) If you like yourself, then your personality would be described as having ________. A) an internal locus of control B) a low Machiavellianism score C) high self-esteem D) an external locus of control
C) high self-esteem
60) A person who can adapt and adjust behavior to external factors has ________. A) low self-esteem B) an internal locus of control C) high self-monitoring D) high risk-taking ability
C) high self-monitoring
59) Organizational communication that is not defined by the organization's structural hierarchy is known as ________ communication. A) external B) passive C) informal D) controlled
C) informal
37) According to the Ohio State studies, which of the following dimensions of leader behavior refers to the extent to which a leader is likely to define and structure his or her role and the roles of group members in the search for goal attainment? A) intelligence structure B) psychological structure C) initiating structure D) consideration structure
C) initiating structure
68) Which of the following is a framework for analyzing and designing jobs that identifies five primary core job dimensions, their interrelationships, and their impact on outcomes. A) relational perspective of work design B) job skill matrix C) job characteristics model D) job descriptive index
C) job characteristics model
62) The way tasks are combined to form complete jobs is referred to as ________. A) job evaluation B) job rotation C) job design D) job specification
C) job design
29) Pat manages the customer care department of her firm. She is very happy with her team of 15 customer care executives who've all been consistently performing well. Customer feedback was impressive and Pat is planning to give them good bonuses this time around. As a manager, Pat believes it is important to let your subordinates know when you are happy with their work. She does so, and also calls a meeting to discuss what they can do to improve further. Pat is using communication for ________. A) decision making B) negotiation C) motivation D) expressing emotion
C) motivation
23) The study of group behavior includes the study of ________. A) perception, motivation, and learning B) attitudes and personality C) norms, roles, and leadership D) organization structure and culture
C) norms, roles, and leadership
52) Jargon is ________. A) the capacity of a communication method to process complex messages B) a technique for deliberate manipulation of information to make it appear more favorable to the receiver C) specialized terminology that members of a group use to communicate among themselves D) a technique that increases the breadth potential of a communication method
C) specialized terminology that members of a group use to communicate among themselves
46) The degree to which the job assignments are formalized and procedurized is the ________ contingency dimension identified by Fiedler. A) position power B) subordinate maturity C) task structure D) centralization
C) task structure
45) Which of the following are two of the three key situational factors Fiedler felt were important in determining leader effectiveness? A) leader-member relations and maturity of followers B) organizational success and position power C) task structure and leader-member relations D) maturity of organization and task structure
C) task structure and leader-member relations
58) Research evidence suggests that teams typically outperform individuals when ________. A) one or more members are allowed to dominate the other team members B) projects are short-term and need quick solutions C) tasks require multiple skills, judgment, and experience D) tasks are simple and do not involve critical thinking
C) tasks require multiple skills, judgment, and experience
47) In the Big Five Model of personality, conscientiousness refers to ________. A) the degree to which someone is calm, enthusiastic, and secure (positive) or tense, nervous, depressed, and insecure (negative) B) the degree to which someone is sociable, talkative, assertive, and comfortable in relationships with others C) the degree to which someone is reliable, responsible, dependable, persistent, and achievement oriented D) the degree of influence the individual believes he or she has over certain factors
C) the degree to which someone is reliable, responsible, dependable, persistent, and achievement oriented
79) By using ________, we form a general impression about a person based on only a single characteristic, such as intelligence or appearance. A) stereotyping B) selectivity C) the halo effect D) assumed similarity Answer: C Page Ref: 465
C) the halo effect
56) Goal-setting theory assumes that an individual is committed to the goal. Commitment is most likely when ________. A) goals are assigned and not self-set B) goals are not made public C) the individual has an internal locus of control D) the individual has low self-efficacy
C) the individual has an internal locus of control
21) Good communication occurs only when the recipient ________. A) agrees with the sender's message B) does what the speaker asks C) understands the speaker's meaning D) makes eye contact with the speaker
C) understands the speaker's meaning
39) According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, which of the following is a hygiene factor? A) recognition B) advancement C) working conditions D) responsibility
C) working conditions
48) Which of the following is true about the effectiveness of individual decision making over group decision making? A) Individual decisions tend to be more accurate. B) Individual decisions are better when dealing with complex issues. C) Individuals tend to be more creative than groups. D) Individual decisions are made faster than group decisions
D) Individual decisions are made faster than group decisions
66) ________ refers to the degree of control employees have over their work. A) Task identity B) Task significance C) Job scope D) Job depth
D) Job depth
42) Which of the following is true according to the MBTI®? A) Introverted types are practical and prefer routine and order. B) Feeling types use reason and logic to handle problems. C) Perceiving types are rigid and structured. D) Judging types want control and prefer their world to be ordered.
D) Judging types want control and prefer their world to be ordered.
84) Which of the following is true about managing cross-cultural motivational challenges? A) Maslow's needs hierarchy largely remains unchanged across cultures. B) In masculine cultures such as Japan and Slovakia, the focus is on quality-of-life benefits. C) Recent evidence suggests that in collectivist cultures, especially in the former socialist countries, of Central and Eastern Europe, employees link pay solely to performance. D) Most current motivation theories were developed in the United States by Americans and about Americans.
D) Most current motivation theories were developed in the United States by Americans and about Americans.
26) Which of the following is true for organizational citizenship behavior (OCB)? A) OCB is a performance measure of efficiency. B) The requirements of OCB are spelt out in employee job profiles. C) OCB studies the behavior leading to permanent withdrawal from an organization. D) OCB is discretionary behavior which promotes the effective functioning of the organization.
D) OCB is discretionary behavior which promotes the effective functioning of the organization.
72) ________ is the process of organizing and interpreting sensory impressions to give meaning to the environment. A) Attribution B) Selection C) Learning D) Perception
D) Perception
76) ________ is the tendency for individuals to attribute their own successes to internal factors such as ability or effort while putting the blame for personal failure on external factors such as luck. A) Assumed similarity B) Stereotyping C) Fundamental attribution error D) Self-serving bias
D) Self-serving bias
41) ________ occurs when a supervisor earns less than his or her subordinates. A) Job enrichment B) Groupthink C) Role ambiguity D) Status incongruence
D) Status incongruence
62) A manager makes decisions very quickly and requires little information for making the decisions. Which of the following is a likely reason for this? A) The manager has low self-esteem. B) The manager has an external locus of control. C) The manager is high in emotional stability. D) The manager is high in risk-taking.
D) The manager is high in risk-taking.
86) Which of the following is true for Gen Y workers? A) They are accepting of the prevailing order and style of working and easily fit into it. B) They have a deep-seated need for boundaries and structure and dislike multitasking. C) They are dedicated workers and follow office rules and dress codes strictly. D) They are knowledgeable and willing workers, but do not compromise on their personal lives.
D) They are knowledgeable and willing workers, but do not compromise on their personal lives.
65) ________ communication keeps managers aware of how employees feel about their jobs, their coworkers, and the organization in general. A) Downward B) Horizontal C) Lateral D) Upward
D) Upward
75) An organization's grapevine works as ________. A) a method for managers to communicate official policy B) a method for management to control the dissemination of information C) both a formal and an informal communication method D) a filter and a feedback mechanism for managers
D) a filter and a feedback mechanism for managers
46) According to the three-needs theory, the need for ________ is the drive to succeed and excel in relation to a set of standards. A) control B) affiliation C) power D) achievement
D) achievement
49) Which of the following needs identified in the three-needs theory has been researched the most? A) security B) affiliation C) power D) achievement
D) achievement
31) In the statement, "The highway is very busy at 5 p.m., and is scary to drive on, so I'll wait until 7 p.m. to go home," the word "scary" represents which component of an attitude? A) cognitive B) behavioral C) practical D) affective
D) affective
73) If a company is concerned with achieving high member satisfaction for all the participants in a network, which of the following communication networks is best? A) chain network B) horizontal network C) wheel network D) all-channel network
D) all-channel network
39) The regular use of ________ can alert managers to potential problems and employees' intentions early enough to do something about them. A) dissonance reduction B) performance incentives C) employee benefit plans D) attitude surveys
D) attitude surveys
35) According to the University of Iowa behavioral studies, group members' satisfaction levels were generally ________. A) higher under an autocratic leader in the long run B) improved when the leader was production oriented C) maintained when the leader was autocratic in the short run D) higher under a democratic leader than under an autocratic one
D) higher under a democratic leader than under an autocratic one
50) The ________ of conflict management argues that some conflict is absolutely necessary for effective organizational performance. A) traditional view B) conservative view C) human relations view D) interactionist view
D) interactionist view
85) Which of the following motivating factors or concepts is important to all workers, regardless of their national culture? A) extrinsic factors like pay B) need for achievement C) physiological needs as the foundational need in the needs hierarchy D) interesting work
D) interesting work
49) If you believe that you control your own destiny, which of the following personality traits are you likely to possess? A) external locus of control B) risk aversion C) high self-esteem D) internal locus of control
D) internal locus of control
58) Sarah, the floor supervisor, seems to be a different person depending on whom she is with and what the situation demands. She has the ability to adjust her behavior as and when required. This indicates that she ________. A) has low self-esteem B) is low on Machiavellianism C) has a high risk appetite D) is high in self-monitoring
D) is high in self-monitoring
44) If you are a good planner and purposeful, you would probably score high on the ________ trait of MBTI®. A) extraversion B) perceiving C) introversion D) judging
D) judging
34) Which of the following describes the leadership style in which the leader generally gives the group complete freedom to make decisions and complete the work in whatever way it sees fit? A) cultural style B) autocratic style C) democratic style D) laissez-faire style
D) laissez-faire style
68) Cross-functional teams rely heavily on ________ communication, which can be problematic if their managers are not kept informed about the decisions. A) downward B) upward C) vertical D) lateral
D) lateral
55) Though clearly capable, Mary does not seem very confident of herself. She is always unsure of whether she can handle assignments that are difficult and as a result ends up choosing jobs that are fairly straight forward and involve routine work. She is also susceptible to evaluations from other people. Mary seems to have ________. A) high cognitive dissonance B) a high Machiavellianism score C) low self-monitoring D) low self-esteem
D) low self-esteem
69) When Darrin went to a career counselor, Joanna, he took a test that would allow the counselor to gain an insight into his personality. After speaking to Darrin and analyzing his answers in the test, Joanna realized that he is curious by nature. He preferred activities that involved understanding and organizing, and that he is basically analytical. Which of the following occupations is a potentially good match for him? A) painter B) farmer C) social worker D) news reporter
D) news reporter
32) Disturbances that interfere with the transmission, receipt, or feedback of a message are called ________. A) screens B) filters C) echoes D) noise
D) noise
30) The ________ stage of group development is complete when the group structure solidifies and the group has assimilated a common set of expectations of what defines correct member behavior. A) storming B) forming C) performing D) norming
D) norming
48) According to the Big Five Model of personality, a person who has a wide range of interests and is imaginative, fascinated with novelty, artistically sensitive, and intellectual is described as ________. A) conscientious B) extraverted C) emotionally stable D) open to experience
D) open to experience
72) The evidence supporting the superiority of transformational leadership over the transactional style is ________. A) inconclusive B) moderately supportive C) moderately negative D) overwhelmingly impressive
D) overwhelmingly impressive
36) Irene, CEO of a small company, strongly believes in Douglas McGregor's assumptions about human nature. Which of the following management practices is Irene most likely to favor to maximize employee motivation? A) a top-down decision-making structure B) a stringent system of monitoring and controlling employees C) making jobs narrower in scope and shallow in depth D) participatory management
D) participatory management
43) If your boss could be described as flexible, adaptable, and tolerant, he or she would probably score high on which of the following aspects of the MBTI®? A) extraversion B) sensing C) feeling D) perceiving
D) perceiving
64) Emotional intelligence has been shown to be ________. A) negatively related to job performance at all levels B) negatively related to job performance in middle management only C) positively related to job performance only in government agencies D) positively related to job performance at all levels
D) positively related to job performance at all levels
28) According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, a person's needs for growth, achieving one's potential, and self-fulfillment, and the drive to become what one is capable of becoming constitute his or her ________ needs. A) physiological B) safety C) social D) self-actualization
D) self-actualization
58) The goal-setting theory has most value in countries where ________. A) there is low uncertainty avoidance B) there is high power distance C) individuals are low in assertiveness D) subordinates are reasonably independent
D) subordinates are reasonably independent
69) In the job characteristics model, ________ refers to the degree to which a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work. A) task significance B) skill variety C) autonomy D) task identity
D) task identity
57) The goal-setting theory has the most value when ________. A) the individual is a high achiever B) the goals are assigned to the individual C) the individual has low self-efficacy D) the goals are made public
D) the goals are made public
41) When a sender evaluates a communication method to judge scanability, he is checking if ________. A) the method can easily transmit a large number of messages B) the method allows recipients to process complex messages effectively C) the method adequately conveys personal warmth D) the recipient can easily browse the message for relevant information
D) the recipient can easily browse the message for relevant information
33) Which of the following is an example of noise? A) sending unsolicited sales messages to prospects B) adding your contact information at the end of an e-mail message C) leaving a message on the answering machine when you cannot reach someone D) thinking about the party you attended last night while sitting in a lecture
D) thinking about the party you attended last night while sitting in a lecture
70) Rachel Keller's colleagues and subordinates have a very high regard for her. They know that no one can get high-quality work done the way Rachel can. She inspires her team to excel in their work, even exceeding their own expectations. What her subordinates like best about Rachel is that they are free to discuss her decisions with her, even question her once in while if they are not sure about her strategy. Which of the following best describes Rachel's leadership style? A) transactional B) charismatic C) trait D) transformational
D) transformational
71) A leader, such as Bill Gates of Microsoft, who can inspire followers above their own self-interests and can have a profound effect on their performance, is known as a(n) ________. A) transactional leader B) directive leader C) informational leader D) transformational leader
D) transformational leader
22) For communication to be successful, meaning must be imparted and ________. A) received by the other person B) force action from the receiver C) feedback must be established D) understood by the receiver
D) understood by the receiver
80) A(n) ________ is a location where Internet users can gain wireless access to the Internet. A) extranet B) LAN C) intranet D) wi-fi hot spot
D) wi-fi hot spot
27) The ________ stage in the group development process is complete when members begin to think of themselves as part of a group. A) forming B) storming C) norming D) performing
forming
Which of the following stages in group development involves defining the group's structure and leadership? A) norming B) storming C) performing D) forming
forming
Which of the following refers to independent formal groups whose members, in addition to their regular jobs, take on traditional managerial responsibilities, such as hiring, planning and scheduling, and evaluating performance? A) command groups B) task groups C) self-managed teams D) cross-functional teams
self-managed teams
