Free African Americans and Slaves

How would northerners feel AFTER reading the novel Uncle Toms Cabin?

"Open the eyes" of northerners to the horrors of slavery; people begin to question the institution

Case For Slavery

- Many people in the Bible had slaves - They believed that society only sustained because of slavery - Slaves rejoice in the elevation of the prosperity of his master - Slaves only became upset when they thought of liberty - Slavery is nesscersy to keep alive the spirit of freedom - In the new testament that servant are to be faithful and obedient to their masters - Slavery in the Roman world was nowhere charged as a crime - Households are like large families (slaves are happy) - Never unemployment - Whites could not work under the sun: Health risk - Sub-human race: child-like mentality (I give them a purpose in life) : White supremacy - Immigrant Workers vs. Slaves: Who has a better life

Case Against Slavery

-Patriots declared that liberty was a fundamental human quality and intrinsic to natural law (Ideals of the American Revolution- Freedom) -Massachusetts lawyer James Otis Jr. asked, if all people were born free and equal, how could it be "right to enslave a man because he is black?" - THE practice of human slavery is not condemned in the Scriptures - by our common law definitions, human slavery is compounded of the crimes of kidnapping, assault and battery, and false imprisonment. -"And he that stealeth a man, and selleth him, or if he be found in his hand, he shall surely be put to death."--Exodus. xxi. 16. -All men are created equally (in the eyes of god) : Declaration of Independence - Unchristian & immoral -Treatment- Animal like -Over population in the nation

Define slavery

A system of forced labor

How many free blacks lived in the NORTH as of 1860?

250,000

How many free blacks lived in the South as of 1860?

250,000

Explain the role Sojourner Truth had in reform movements of the era?

A freed black woman in New York who fought for black emancipation and women's rights

Radical Abolitionist

A person who wants an IMMEDIATE freeing of slaves; aggressive methods

Moderate Abolitionist

A person who wants to see a GRUADUAL freeing of slaves over time; peaceful methods

Identify the abolitionist organization founded in 1833 with Wendell Phillips as one of its prominent leaders.

American Anti-Slavery Society

What were Abraham Lincoln's beliefs pertaining to the colonization of free African Americans?

At first he wanted to send them back to Africa but then he changed his mind and thought that was unfair

Why were free blacks called "Slaves without masters"

Because they were still treated like slaves and they had a lot of restrictions on them that violated the constitution. Denied many rights, carried papers and vulnerable to hijackings

Explain various reasons how free blacks gained their freedom in the South.

Born into it, ran away, emancipated by their masters, children of a white master

What announcement was made to the buyers regarding "families"?

Sold in "families"; a man would not be parted from his wife, or a mother from a very young child

Describe how potential buyers inspected slaves who were to be sold during the auction.

Checked their teeth, their muscles, and made sure they didn't have any wounds

Field Slaves:

Divided in groups of 5 to 10 supervised by an overseer

Free African Americans enjoyed considerable status and wealth in both the North and South before the American Civil War. True or False

False

Race to Freedom- Mexico was considered a slave's "heaven" because it was safe refuge for them to attain freedom. True or False

False

Race to Freedom- Slaves generally found it easy to follow the trails of the Underground Railroad. True or False

False

Editor of the North Star (Abolitionist Newspaper):

Fredrick Douglas

What does FREEDOM mean to a slave?

Freedom is glorious because it is a triumph over slavery

Who were some of the prominent founders of the American Colonization Board?

Future president Andrew Jackson, Speaker of the House Henry Clay, Rep. Daniel Webster and Francis Scott Key, author of the "Star Spangled Banner."

Author of an abolitionist novel that portrayed the separation of families by auctions.

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Who was the author of Uncle Tom's Cabin?

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Why was Frederick Douglass considered, "the greatest black abolitionist [of the movement]"?

He escaped from bondage in 1838 at age 21 and was discovered in1841 when he made a speech at an antislavery meeting in Massachusetts. Thereafter he lectured widely for the cause, despite frequent beatings and threats against his life. In 1845 he published his classic autobiography, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass

What radical role did David Walker have in the abolitionist movement?

His incendiary Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World (1829) advocated a bloody end to white supremacy

Why are Folktales (spoken narratives) important to a slave?

It expressed their aspirations for a better life, it was paced through generations

How did the Second Great Awakening IMPACT the abolitionist movement?

It made abolitionists believe slavery was a sin

Identify the Gag Resolution that Congress passed in 1836.

It required all such antislavery appeals to be tabled without debate

How did Nat Turner's rebellion IMPACT the South?

It sent a wave of hysteria planters in growing numbers slept with pistols by their pillows

Why were the northern states no longer free for runaway slaves?

It was a federal law that run away slaves must be returned/turned in, slaves then ran to Canada

Identify the name of the African American colony established by the American Colonization Society?

Liberia

Identify and explain why many northerners found the abolitionist movement unpopular.

Northerners had been brought up to revere the Constitution and to regard the clauses on slavery as a lasting bargain, cotton was very important to the economy at this time, there was a lot of mob outbursts in the North over slavery

Describe some of the radical actions taken by Garrison for the cause against slavery.

On the Fourth of July, 1854, he publicly burned a copy of the Constitution as "a covenant with death and an agreement with hell''

Identify characteristics of free blacks living in the South.

Owned their own house/land, Had to carry their papers around to prove they were free, Tried to teach their children to read- some were educated, Isolated themselves from mainstream white, Could be part of the underground railroad Despised by southerners- were poor examples to slaves Some even owned slaves

List rights denied to slaves in the South:

Prohibited from owning property, possessing alcohol, no reading and writing, can't own guns

Identify reasons why potential buyers inspected slaves before a slave auction.

So they knew what they were buying, also to check if there aren't scars because if there are then that means there a rebellious slaves, wanted to know their intelligence, seeing how much muscle they have

Describe Nat Turner's Slave Rebellion (1831):

Rose up and revolted with other slaves they killed there master and his family

Blacks in the North

Several, states forbade their entrance; most denied them the, right to vote and some barred blacks from public schools: SEGREGATION WAS A NORTH INVENTION!

Harriet Tubman (Moses to the Slaves of the South):

She was an Underground Railroad guide; she helped conduct runaways after she escaped from slavery Gather money and supplies in the North and go down to quickly spread the word and gather the slaves; travelled at night

Why was religion (slave spirituals) important to a slave's life?

Slaves could turn to God with all of their problems. They would ask God to free them from their everyday lives and from their master

Why did some slaves show favor to potential buyers?

So they could impress a buyer to buy their whole family; they also wanted a nice master so they would try to impress them

Identify the first abolitionist group

The American Colonization Society

What newspaper was published by William Lloyd Garrison against the institution of slavery?

The Liberator

Define abolition

The act of officially ending or stopping something

Slave Driver (Foreman):

The supervisor; Black

How would southerners react when word spread about Uncle Toms Cabin?

They called this book "negative propaganda" and definitely not true; in some states this book was outlawed

How did the slaves react when they were bought by slave masters?

They had no reaction, they were kind of just sad when they were bought by slave masters Some would cry

Describe how southerners defended the institution of slavery.

They said it was supported by the authority of the Bible and the wisdom of Aristotle, it was good for the Africans because they were lifted from the Jungle and clothed with the blessings of Christian civilization, master-slave relationships resembled a family, they didn't have to work in factories, never unemployment, cared for in sickness and old age

Who were the "Lane Rebels" and describe their role in the abolitionist movement.

They spread across the old North West and preached "the antislavery gospel"

How did the abolitionist movement view the institution of slavery?

They were against slavery

What is meant by the statement, "Freedom without health is infinitely sweeter than health without Freedom?"

They would rather be dead then without their freedom

Describe/define Underground Railroad:

To hid the slaves and conduct them to other houses until they were in the free North

Describe what is meant by "the Colonization of Free African Americans."

To put African Americans back in Africa

Race to Freedom- Runaway slaves would often use code words/phrases such as "Friend of a Friend" to identify themselves at a safe house, or with other conductors. True or False

True

Race to Freedom- With the introduction of the stricter Fugitive Slave Law, the North was no longer safe for runaway slaves True or False

True

Slaves in the Antebellum South used many small covert methods of resistance to demonstrate their hatred of slavery. True or False

True

Myth: A lantern in a window was a common sign used to identify a safe house along the Underground Railroad.

Truth: The famous stationmaster John Rankin used this secret "sign" to signal that it was safe to cross the Ohio River to his home. However, this was not a common signal. If it had been, the slave catchers would have quickly learned of it, and used it to identify safe houses.

Myth: Enslaved African Americans had many spirituals like "Follow the Drinking Gourd" that contained coded information that helped slaves escape.

Truth: While spirituals were passed orally from slave to slave, there is no evidence that the songs were used to help others escape. If a song had given slaves a route to follow to freedom, like the "Follow the Drinking Gourd" was supposed to have done, slave owners and bounty hunters could easily learn of it and promptly shut the route down. The truth is that the lyrics and the chorus were written by Lee Hays and first published in 1947 — well after the Civil War had ended.

List ways slaves resisted their owners:

Violent rebellions, working slowly, accidentally breaking the equipment, hurting them selves

Explain how southerners viewed William Lloyd Garrison.

Was viewed as a terrorist and an inciter of murder

Explain how first amendment rights of "freedom of press" were being violated because of the abolitionist movement.

Washington government in 1835 ordered southern postmasters to destroy abolitionist material and called on southern state officials to arrest federal postmasters who did not comply

Overseer was

White unlike the slave driver

Editor of the Liberator:

William Lloyd Garrison

The African -American family under slavery was...

generally stable and supportive.

Sojourner Truth

• A freed black woman in New York who fought for black emancipation and women's rights • MODERATE

Views Opposing Colonization of African Americans

• Blacks fought for our country • The promise of freedom should be kept • "Our ancestors were, though not from choice, the first cultivators of the wilds of America, and we, their descendants, claim a right to share in the blessings of her luxuriant soil which their blood and sweat have created," • "No longer fair or just...The promise of freedom...must be kept" -Lincoln

Views Supporting Colonization of African Americans

• Didn't think blacks and whites could co-exist • They believed that free blacks in this country inspired slaves to flee for freedom. "Would preserve slavery...Free blacks were an inspiration to slaves" • Northerners didn't want their jobs to get taken away • believed that only by returning to their African roots could American blacks have an identity • "Care little for justice of the Negro" -Lincoln • "African importation...temporary settlers" • "A close kinship to motherland...increasing revolts showed this"

Frederick Douglass

• He escaped from bondage in 1838 at age 21 and was discovered in1841 when he made a speech at an antislavery meeting in Massachusetts. Thereafter he lectured widely for the cause, despite frequent beatings and threats against his life. In 1845 he published his classic autobiography, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass • MODERATE

David Walker

• His incendiary Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World (1829) advocated a bloody end to white supremacy • RADICAL

William Lloyd Garrison

• Published a newspaper against the institution of slavery called The Liberator • On the Fourth of July, 1854, he publicly burned a copy of the Constitution as "a covenant with death and an agreement with hell'' • RADICAL

Sara & Angelina Grimke

• speak before "promiscuous" or mixed crowds of men and women, publishing some of the most powerful anti-slavery tracts of the antebellum era • Fought for racial and gender equality • MODERATE