French Revolution

Fall of the Bastille is a symbol for revolutionaries

1). Held political prisoners 2). Held religious prisoners 3). Held prisoners without trials 4). Represented oppression 5). Wealthy aristocrats sometimes bought letters to get rid of enemies

What dramatic event took place on July 14, 1789, which saved the Third Estate from the King's forces?

A mob of Parisians stormed the Bastille, an armory and prison in Paris, and dismantled it brick by brick.

Napoleon's unified law system

Civil Code

In order to meet both the domestic and foreign crisis, the National Convention in 1793 gave broad powers to a special committee known as the ___?___, dominated at first by Georges Danton, then by Maximilien Robespierre

Committee of Public Safety

Napoleon's birthplace

Corsica

upper legislative house under the Constitution of 1795

Council of Elders

True or false In the dechristianization of France, the National Convention held a public ceremony dedicated to the worship of the monarchy

False. The ceremony was dedicated to the worship of reason.

True or false During the Reign of Terror, revolutionary courts were established to settle property disputes between the church and state

False. The courts were established to prosecute internal enemies of the revolutionary republic

True or false The National Convention's first major step on September 21, 1792, was to reestablish the authority of King Louis XVI

False. Their first major step was to abolish the monarchy and establish a republic, the French Republic.

True or false Another change in French society was to no longer number years from the birth of Christ, but instead to number them from the birth of Muhammad

False. Years were numbered from September 22, 1792-- the first day of the French Republic.

Held high posts in government

First Estate

Made up about 1% of the population

First Estate

Made up of higher and lower Roman Catholic clergy

First Estate

Often enjoyed grand lifestyles paid for by tithe money

First Estate

Owned 10% of French land

First Estate

Minister of Justice for the Paris Commune

Georges Danton

The two dissenting groups within the National Convention were the

Girondins and the Mountain

Wanted the kind kept alive

Girondists

Napoleon's military force was called the

Grand Army

Radical Paris club to which many members of the Mountain belonged

Jacobins

The Directory was eventually toppled by

Napoleon Bonaparte

What did the National Assembly do in response to peasant revolts and fear of foreign troops?

On August 4, 1789, they voted to abolish all legal privileges of nobles and clergy.

Made up about 2% of population

Second Estate

Made up of nobility

Second Estate

Main income was from feudal dues

Second Estate

Owned 25% of French land

Second Estate

Why did Olympia de Gouges write a Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen?

She refused to accept and exclusion of women from political rights in France

The Third Estate in France gathered together for a meeting to discuss their government reforms. Finding their assigned meeting hall locked, they moved to a nearby venue. It was here that the ___?___, an agreement that they would remain assembled until a constitution had been written, was made.

Tennis Court Oath

Had Danton as a leader (there are two of these)

The Committee of Public Safety

Had Robespierre as a leader

The Committee of Public Safety

Was given broad powers to protect France from foreign powers

The Committee of Public Safety

Was ended by a coup d'etat

The Directory

Describe the Three Estates of French society before the revolution.

The First Estate consisted of the clergy. The nobility made up the second estate. The Third Estate were the Commoners.

How did the French Revolution compare to the American Revolution?

The French Revolution was more complex, more violent, and far more radical.

Wanted the king executed

The Mountain

Adopted the "Declaration of the Rights of Man"

The National Assembly

Forced Louis to accept their laws because women captured the king and brought him back to Paris

The National Assembly

Swore the Tennis Court Oath

The National Assembly

Was formed by the Paris Commune

The National Assembly

Changed the calender names to get rid of Christian influences

The National Convention

The National Assembly took what action to control the Catholic Church?

They determined that bishops and priests would be elected by the people and paid by the state.

How did most members of the Third Estate want to fix France's financial problems?

They wanted to set up a constitutional government that would abolish the tax exemptions of the clergy and nobility.

Made up about 97% of the population

Third Estate

Made up of peasant, artisans, and the bourgeoisie

Third Estate

Most were very poor

Third Estate

Owned 65% of French land

Third Estate

Paid most of taxes

Third Estate

What is bourgeoisie?

This was the middle class of the Third Estate-- merchants, bankers, industrialists, as well as professional people.

True or false In the new French Republic, the titles "citizen" and "citizeness" replaced "mister" and "madame"

True

True or false The political fraction known as the Mountain convinced the National Convention to pass a decree condemning Louis XVI to death

True

True or false After the death of Robespierre, revolutionary fervor began to cool

True.

True or false In 1799 a coup d'etat led by Napoleon Bonaparte, toppled the Directory and Napoleon seized power.

True.

Napoleon's final defeat

Waterloo

Promotion within Napoleon's government and military was based on which of the following?

ability

The Paris Bastille was which of the following? A tennis court an armory and prison Louis's palace a restaurant

an armory and prison

Napoleon's Civil Code treated women

as less than equal to men

Merchants, bankers, industrialists, professionals

bourgeoisie

The ___?___, or French middle class, supported the revolution

bourgeoisie

popularly run city council

commune

During its rule, the government of the Directory was opposed by

conservatives and radicals

In 1799 Napoleon held absolute power in a new government called the __?__

consulate

The Reign of Terror set up revolutionary courts to prosecute

counterrevolutionaries

The popular general Napoleon Bonaparte seized control of France in a __?__

coup d'etat

sudden overthrow of a government

coup d'etat

The Committee of Public Safety originally implemented the Reign of Terror to

defend France against foreign armies

Napoleon's relatives ruled

dependent states

French peasants fiercely resented having to pay ___?___ for the use of village facilities such as the flour mill or the wine press

duties

Individuals qualified to vote

electors

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen proclaimed all of the following EXCEPT an end to tax exemptions freedom and speech equal rights for women freedom of the press

equal rights for women

Status group

estate

Before the revolution, French society was divided into three__?___

estates

dissenting groups

factions

The Second Estate did all of the following EXCEPT own from 25 to 30 percent of the land hold high positions in government and the military not pay taxes harvest crops for the clergy

harvest crops for the clergy

The Paris Commune demonstrated, then seized power for all the following EXCEPT defeats in war with Austria economic shortages loyalty to Prussia anger with the monarchy

loyalty to Prussia

The Constitution of 1791 set up a limited __?__ where there was still a king, but a Legislative Assembly would make the laws.

monarchy

In other European countries, strong feelings of __?__, or the cultural identity of a people based on common language, religion, and national symbols, helped to stir revolts against Napoleon.

nationalism

The 1793 execution of King Louis XVI pushed the French Revolution into a new stage called ___?___, the political orientation of those who favor revolutionary change in government and society.

radicalism

Napoleon's agreement with the Catholic Church did all of the following EXCEPT

return church lands to the pope and clergy

"without breeches," members of the Paris Commune

sans-culottes

During the French Revolution, many radical members of the Paris Commune wore long trousers instead of knee-length breeches and called themselves __?__

sans-culottes

The National Assembly's Constitutions of 1791

set up a limited monarchy

Napoleon's Continental System was designed to

stop British trade with Europe

France's chief tax

taille

Members of the First and Second Estates were exempt from the, ___?___, a tax on non privileged subject and lands that tended to weigh most heavily on the peasants.

taille

What did the National Assembly give to its charter of basic liberties?

the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen.

Napoleon's government after 1799

the consulate

State the immediate cause of the French Revolution

the near collapse of government finances