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FRHD 3400 Final Exam Test Bank: Chapters 7, 8, 9, 10, 11

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11. I feel sad because my friend and I had a serious argument SM - Sensorimotor C - Concrete F - Formal Operational DS - Dialectic / Systemic

19. Last night we had a family ritual, we sat down and I feel comfort in just being there SM - Sensorimotor C - Concrete F - Formal Operational DS - Dialectic / Systemic

13. Perhaps my sadness is representative of my family and cultural background. We gave so much attention to getting along that I have real trouble in dealing with conflict. None of us ever agree SM - Sensorimotor C - Concrete F - Formal Operational DS - Dialectic / Systemic

16. This school makes it hard for gays and lesbians to be themselves SM - Sensorimotor C - Concrete F - Formal Operational DS - Dialectic / Systemic

17. Spirituality is vital in my culture SM - Sensorimotor C - Concrete F - Formal Operational DS - Dialectic / Systemic

2. Confused and worried? P - Paraphrase E - Encourage R - Reflection of Feeling

6. It hurts P - Paraphrase E - Encourage R - Reflection of Feeling

8. You can't walk? P - Paraphrase E - Encourage R - Reflection of Feeling

1. Only reflection of meaning can help clients find their "center of being in the world" T/F

1. The skills of the Basic Listening Sequence (BLS) must be used in a specified sequence in order to be useful to the interviewer and make sense of the client conversation. T/F

10. Confrontations are frequently observed in session conversations. T/F

11. While learning to identify and reflect client feelings it is critical for prospective counselors and interviewers to focus only on their client's personal history and ability to deal with emotions T/F

12. According to the authors, empathic confrontation is a distinct skill that relies heavily in influencing skills and strategies to client change. T/F

12. As I reflect on it, I think I am sad in many such situations. Loss and difficulties between people really trouble me SM - Sensorimotor C - Concrete F - Formal Operational DS - Dialectic / Systemic

15. This group called me a filthy name, I just came out as gay and I was really angry about it SM - Sensorimotor C - Concrete F - Formal Operational DS - Dialectic / Systemic

2. Reflection of feeling in the past tense tend to be more useful for reflecting feeling T/F

2. The main focus of individual counseling is conflict, incongruity, and discrepancies between the individual and family and friends. T/F

2. The predicted result of psychoeducational instruction states that clients consistently apply counselor new information and ideas for positive change in their lives. T/F

20. Religion is a real comfort to me SM - Sensorimotor C - Concrete F - Formal Operational DS - Dialectic / Systemic

3. Benjamin Franklin's problem-solving model emphasizes the importance of the empathic relationship. T/F

3. Judgments should never be implicated in the counseling session T/F

4. Change that happens without warmth and empathy is more effective and lasts a longer time T/F

4. Counseling is teaching clients how to live or what to believe. T/F

5. Client records are very important, but it is OK if an interviewer does not take any notes. T/F

5. In interpretation/reframing the frame of reference comes from the client. T/F

6. Clients complete each developmental task in fairly quick succession, and their progress can be quickly assessed on the Client Change Scale (CCS). T/F

1. you feel hurt that your spouse said that: P - Paraphrase E - Encourage R - Reflection of Feeling

3. You are wondering how to cope with the changes that age is bringing to you P - Paraphrase E - Encourage R - Reflection of Feeling

5. The situation isn't fair after you've worked so hard P - Paraphrase E - Encourage R - Reflection of Feeling

7. Having more than one physical issue complicates things a good deal P - Paraphrase E - Encourage R - Reflection of Feeling

4. You're confused and worried about aging P - Paraphrase E - Encourage R - Reflection of Feeling

9. I hear you saying you are discouraged and hurting right now, am I hearing you correctly? P - Paraphrase E - Encourage R - Reflection of Feeling

10. Silent crying SM - Sensorimotor C - Concrete F - Formal Operational DS - Dialectic / Systemic

14. Angry eyes, blazing with fire, DAMN SM - Sensorimotor C - Concrete F - Formal Operational DS - Dialectic / Systemic

18. Warm and feeling protected in my heart SM - Sensorimotor C - Concrete F - Formal Operational DS - Dialectic / Systemic

1. A key task of counseling is to help the client restory past experience and develop new memories and connections T/F

1. The counselor's or interviewer's task is to move clients beyond their issues and problems to realize their potential as human beings. T/F

1. The critical distinction between paraphrasing and reflection of feelings is the emphasis on content and emotion T/F

1. We don't usually think of counseling and therapy as providing instruction to clients. T/F

10. If your client can begin from a positive base of emotion, they may better able to cope with negative issues T/F

11. According to Ivey, Ivey, and Zalaquett, empathic confrontation is a not a distinct skill; it is a set of skills that may be used in different ways. The most common confrontation uses the paraphrase, reflection of feeling, and summarization of discrepancies observed in the client, or between the client and her or his situation. However, questions and influencing skills and strategies can also lead to client change. T/F

2. According to Ivey, Ivey, and Zalaquett, if you combine the five interview stages with the basic listening sequence you will be able to complete a full interview using only listening skills. T/F

2. Confrontation is relevant to all clients, but it must be worded to meet individual and cultural needs if real creativity is to occur. T/F

2. When clients explore meaning issues, they struggle with defining the almost indefinable. T/F

3. Both the interpretation/reframe and reflection of meaning are central skills in helping clients take a new perspective on themselves and their world. T/F

3. Counselors and therapists can observe and identify unspoken feelings expressed through client nonverbal behaviour T/F

3. Debriefing the community genogram is your chance to learn about the developmental history and cultural background of your client T/F

3. Stress is a psychological and physical response to change T/F

4. By acting as a mirror and asking questions, counselors can encourage many of their clients to find their own direction. T/F

4. If you observe closely in the here and now of the session, you can rate how effective your interventions have been. T/F

4. In linking, two or more ideas are brought together, providing the client with a new insight. T/F

5. Reflecting feelings is central to every helping professional T/F

5. You can assess the direct impact of confrontation, as well as any other microskill, in the here and now with the Client Change Scale (CCS). T/F

6. Intentionality in counseling and psychotherapy requires accurate information. T/F

6. Social emotions are built on primary emotions and are learned in family and cultural context T/F

6. There seems to be a part of the brain that identifies spiritual experience, according to Ratey. T/F

7. According to the authors, reflection of meaning and interpretation/reframing are influencing skills that greatly facilitate the creation of new client perspectives. T/F

7. Feelings are physical and mental T/F

8. If you practice assessing client responses with the CCS model, eventually you will be able to make decisions automatically "on the spot" as you see how the client is responding to you. T/F

8. Mircoexpressions are fleeting expressions of concealed emotion T/F

9. Empathic confrontation serves as a solid base for mediation. T/F

9. Feelings guide our cognitive decisions T/F

19. Which of the following is not a question primarily oriented to meaning? a. "Could you give me a specific example?" b. "What sense do you make of it?" c. "What values underlie your actions?" d. "Why is that important to you?"

a. "Could you give me a specific example?"

45. Which one of the following examples is NOT an example of a counselor acting for social justice or as an advocate? a. A career counselor helps a 40-year-old business manager face a career change. b. A high-school counselor initiates school policies and awareness programs against oppression in the classroom. c. An elementary school counselor works with a child who is being bullied on the playground. d. A social worker helps an abused wife and her children obtain shelter.

a. A career counselor helps a 40-year-old business manager face a career change.

11. _______________ is essential if you are to challenge the client with a confrontation. a. An empathic relationship b. An assertive personality c. A strong affirmation d. All of the above

a. An empathic relationship

"Sounds like you are punishing yourself when you are trying so hard to be responsible." By using this response, how is the interviewer trying to focus the client? a. Client focus b. Theme or issue focus c. Significant others d. Mutuality, immediacy, interviewer

a. Client focus

23. Which of the following is TRUE? a. Confrontations exist in the form of both listening and influencing skills. b. Confrontation only exists as listening skills. c. Confrontation only exists as influencing skills. d. None of the above.

a. Confrontations exist in the form of both listening and influencing skills.

42. Interpretation / reframing helps clients find new ways of thinking about their alternatives for action in which of the following theories? a. Decisional Theory b. Cognitive Behavioral Theory c. Psychodynamic Theory d. Person-Centered Theory

a. Decisional Theory

42. Which of the following is NOT part of the Racial/Identity Development Model? a. Disillusionment Stage b. Resistance and Immersion Stage c. Introspection Stage d. Integrative Awareness Stage

a. Disillusionment Stage

11. During the ____ stage of the interview clients may feel at ease and know what to expect. a. Empathic relationship b. Story and strengths c. Goals d. Restory e. Action

a. Empathic relationship

Which one of the following statements is NOT true of cultural / environmental focus? a. Environmental context is not a legitimate focus area. b. Environmental context is person-as-community. c. Environmental context is the impact of how the client grew up in community. d. Environmental context includes cultural, gender, and race impacts on client development.

a. Environmental context is not a legitimate focus area.

9. Which of the following is NOT one of the steps in Benjamin Franklin's problem-solving model? a. Establish a relationship b. Identify the problem c. Generate alternatives d. Decide what action to take

a. Establish a relationship

29. The client may distort his or her story and blame others unfairly in which level of the Client Change Scale (CCS)? a. Level 1: Denial b. Level 2: Partial examination c. Level 3: Acceptance and recognition, but no change d. Level 5: Development of new constructs, patterns, or behaviors

a. Level 1: Denial

25. Regarding discrepancies between you and your client, which of the following is NOT true? a. Never hide differences you may have with your client. b. If you sense differences, support the client by listening. c. Note your own or the client's discomfort with possible differences. d. If you listen carefully, most discrepancies with your client will disappear.

a. Never hide differences you may have with your client.

There are many ways to focus attention in the counseling session. What are other focus possibilities besides individual client focus, problem focus, and interviewer focus? a. Other, family, mutuality, and environmental context b. Other, significant relationships, community, and culture c. Culture, family, environment, and context d. Mutuality, family culture, community and context

a. Other, family, mutuality, and environmental context

17. Which of the following is most closely associated with thoughts? a. Paraphrase b. Summarization c. Reflection of feeling d. Reflection of meaning

a. Paraphrase

18. Which of the following is most closely associated with emotions? a. Paraphrase b. Reflection of feeling c. Reflection of meaning d. Summarization

a. Paraphrase

8. ____ "John, sounds as if you are pretty anxious about your decision." a. Person focus b. Problem / main theme focus c. Others focus d. Family focus e. Mutual issues or group focus f. Interviewer focus g. Cultural / environmental / contextual focus

a. Person focus

48. Questioning the client may lead to discernment. Which emotional style is best supported by these questions? "Get in touch with your body." "What is your gut feeling?" "What are your instincts?" a. Sensorimotor b. Concrete c. Formal d. Dialectic / systemic

a. Sensorimotor

12. "Hello Carl, could you tell me how I might be of help?" Identify the stage from the five-stage counseling model where an interviewer would most likely use this question. a. Stage 1: Empathic relationship - Initiating the session b. Stage 2: Story and Strengths - Gathering data c. Stage 3: Goals - Mutual goal setting d. Stage 4: Restory - Working e. Stage 5: Action - Terminating

a. Stage 1: Empathic relationship - Initiating the session

21. "You really want to meet him, but you're a little bit anxious." In which step of supportive confrontation would an interviewer most likely make this statement? a. Step 1: Identify conflict b. Step 2: Point out issues of incongruity c. Step 3: Evaluating change d. This is not included in supportive confrontation.

a. Step 1: Identify conflict

16. What are the three major steps of confrontation? a. Step 1: Identifying conflict; Step 2: Pointing out conflicts and issues; and Step 3: Evaluating effectiveness b. Step 1: Building rapport; Step 2: Identifying discrepancies; and Step 3: Confronting client's thinking c. Step 1: Identifying conflict; Step 2: Countering client talk; and Step 3: Closing with a directive d. Step 1: Building rapport; Step 2: Pointing out conflicts and issues; and Step 3: Evaluating client response

a. Step 1: Identifying conflict; Step 2: Pointing out conflicts and issues; and Step 3: Evaluating effectiveness

4. Which one of the following is NOT a predictable result when using reflection of meaning? a. The client will experience their feelings and emotions more deeply. b. The client discusses stories, issues, and concerns in more depth. c. There is special emphasis on deeper meanings, values, and understanding. d. Clients may be able to discern life goals and visions for the future.

a. The client will experience their feelings and emotions more deeply.

8. Which of the following statements is TRUE of the microskills? a. The microskills offer interviewers some predictability during a client session. b. The interviewer can always depend on the expected consequences detailed in the overview. c. The microskills must be used in the specific order as described to increase effectiveness. d. All of these

a. The microskills offer interviewers some predictability during a client session.

48. The _____________________ illustrates the many therapeutic lifestyle changes available to counselors and therapists. a. Tree of Contemplative Practices b. Tree of Lifestyle Changes c. Tree of Stress Management Strategies d. Tree of Therapeutic LifeStyle Management

a. Tree of Contemplative Practices

5. Which key words are MOST closely associated with probing for meaning? a. Values, purpose, vision b. Emotion, affect, feelings c. Do, doing, acting d. All of the above

a. Values, purpose, vision

Uncontrollable conflict and discrepancy bring stress to the client resulting in ____. a. active inhibition of neurons and damaging glucocorticoids and cortisol are released b. gradual strengthening of an individual through development of protective neural structures c. an ultimate challenge to the counselor d. the need to refer the client to the emergency room for medication

a. active inhibition of neurons and damaging glucocorticoids and cortisol are released

43. Counseling helped Nelida: a. appreciate her culture and feel "proud" of her grandparents. b. appreciate herself and feel "proud" of her achievements. c. appreciate her mainstream culture and feel "proud" of her classmates. d. appreciate and "proudly" adopt the counselor's worldviews.

a. appreciate her culture and feel "proud" of her grandparents.

35. Taking action on life's meaning, according to logotherapists, is ____. a. central to the theory b. not important as what we think of things is most important rather than the way things really are c. a way to avoid facing the real meaning of what we do d. something that requires constant careful thought and monitoring by the therapist

a. central to the theory

4. There is a distinctive difference between paraphrasing and reflection of feeling. Paraphrase focus on ___________ and reflection of feeling is concerned with _____________ a. content; emotion b. emotion; content c. content; observations d. observations; emotion

a. content; emotion

31. A client who is dying comments, "It won't happen—not to me." This is an example of: a. denial. b. partial acceptance of reality. c. acceptance and recognition. d. generation of a new solution

a. denial.

Counselor response: "You must feel lost." This is an encourager with a ____. a. focus on the client b. focus on the main theme or problem c. focus on others d. focus on family

a. focus on the client

40. Which of the following would be a possible way to help clients decrease emotional expression? a. let's stop for a moment and breath deeply b. would you say that again? c. pay attention to the feelings in your body d. all of the above

a. let's stop for a moment and breath deeply

9. In order to reflect feeling, the interviewer must first identify the presenting emotion. Which of the following is NOT a method to identify feelings? a. match one of the primary emotions to client behaviour b. with a closed question, ask the client to supply the missing feeling word c. ask an open question: "how do you feel about that" d. name the feeling expressed implicitly by clients behaviours

a. match one of the primary emotions to client behaviour

2. Meaning ____. a. often is found at the more implicit level in client conversation b. often is found at the more explicit level in client conversation c. is the most important counseling skill d. is favored by cognitive-behavioral therapists as it gets at deeper issues

a. often is found at the more implicit level in client conversation

42. Choose the FALSE statement regarding positive and negative emotions. a. positive emotions make everything OK for client's negative issues b. do not minimize difficult emotions by too quickly focusing on the positive c. identifying positive feelings helps balance the focus on negative emotion d. a wellness assessment provides positive emotions to draw on when needed

a. positive emotions make everything OK for client's negative issues

43. When a client is depressed, you can expect less brain activity in the: a. prefrontal cortex b. limbic system c. right brain and amygdala d. hippocampus

a. prefrontal cortex

A number of regions of the ________ are activated attentional task preparation and execution. a. prefrontal cortex b. right intuitive brain c. limbic system d. limbic system and the right intuitive brain

a. prefrontal cortex

9. Linking: a. provides clients with new insights. b. helps clients experience their feelings. c. presents clients with a specific plan for action. d. connects clients with social networks.

a. provides clients with new insights.

16. Nonverbal indications of a client who is deeply emotional may most often include: a. rapid breathing, speech hesitations and facial flushing b. relaxed body posture concealing deeper feelings c. focusing on single topic to the exclusion of all others d. all of the above

a. rapid breathing, speech hesitations and facial flushing

8. The first task in eliciting and reflecting feelings is to ______________ key emotional words expressed by the client a. recognizing b. paraphrasing c. reflect d. confront

a. recognizing

35. _______________ clients may demonstrate a mouth curved down and upper eyelids droop. A raised inner brow. Their body may slump or the shoulders drop, while vocal tone may be soft and speech rate slow a. sad b. mad c. scared d. disgusted

a. sad

49. The client enters the room and immediately starts crying. After a short time, she says, that she's upset, can't sleep and is anxious She is displaying a(n): a. sensorimotor emotional orientation b. concrete emotional orientation c. abstract/formal operational orientation d. abstract dialectic/system orientation

a. sensorimotor emotional orientation

6. "Virtually all consoling theories can be viewed as aiming at the ____." a. solving of a problem b. organizing of a plan c. expression of underlying emotions d. movement toward implicit goals

a. solving of a problem

45. If your client starts with you at denial or partial acceptance (Level 1 or 2) and then moves with your help to acceptance and generating new solutions (Level 3 or 4), you have clear evidence of: a. the effectiveness of your therapy process. b. the capacity of your client to achieve progress without your help. c. the strong need for leadership and direction your client has. d. the powerful impact of the environment on our clients.

a. the effectiveness of your therapy process.

When beginning a new interview / counseling relationship, the focus is usually on: a. the individual. b. the family. c. the group. d. the cultural / environmental context.

a. the individual.

1. The basic listening sequence can be used ____. a. widely in many fields of endeavor b. only in interviewing, counseling, and psychotherapy c. to help counselors become more effective d. to help clients become more effective

a. widely in many fields of endeavor

20. Barry is restless. He can't keep 9/11 off his mind. Which is the most appropriate response? a. you seem to be anxious right now, could you tell me more about your story and what's happening to you? b. you seen to be anxious right now c. the lack of sleep is really frustrating you d. you wonder what is going on

a. you seem to be anxious right now, could you tell me more about your story and what's happening to you?

According to Ivey, consciousness represents the psychological present. What is the typical length of the psychological present? a. 10 to 75 milliseconds b. 100 to 750 milliseconds c. 1 to 3 seconds d. None of the above

b. 100 to 750 milliseconds

41. Interpretation / reframing is useful in understanding what is going on in the client's mind and/or linking the client to how the environment affects thinking and behavior in which of the following theories? a. Decisional Theory b. Cognitive Behavioral Theory c. Psychodynamic Theory d. Person-Centered Theory

b. Cognitive Behavioral Theory

50. Questioning the client may lead to discernment. Which emotional style is best supported by this question? "Can you tell me a story that relates to your goals / vision / mission?" a. Sensorimotor b. Concrete c. Formal d. Dialectic / systemic

b. Concrete

27. Confrontation during a single session and over a series of interviews may be measured on a 5-point scale called the Client Change Scale. Which of the following represents this scale? a. Denial, Identification, Recognition, Generating Solutions, and Development b. Denial, Partial Examination, Acceptance But No Change, Generation of New Solution, and Transcendence c. Identification, Examination, Acceptance, Forgiveness, and Evaluation d. Identification, Partial Examination, Acceptance, Forgiveness, and Transcendence

b. Denial, Partial Examination, Acceptance But No Change, Generation of New Solution, and Transcendence

40. Which of the following best represent the contrast between interpretation and paraphrase, reflection of feeling, focusing, and reflection of meaning? a. In interpretation the interviewer remains in the client's own frame of reference; in the others the interviewer uses an external theory as a reference. b. In interpretation the interviewer uses his/her own frame of reference; in the others the interviewer uses the client's frame of reference. c. In interpretation the interviewer uses the client's frame of reference; in the others the interviewer uses his/her own frame of reference. d. In interpretation the interviewer uses the client's own frame of reference; in the others the interviewer uses his own frame of reference.

b. In interpretation the interviewer uses his/her own frame of reference; in the others the interviewer uses the client's frame of reference.

39. An interviewer may hear, "Yes, I hurt and perhaps I should be angry," in which level of the Client Change Scale (CCS)? a. Level 1: Denial b. Level 2: Partial examination c. Level 3: Acceptance and recognition, but no change d. Level 5: Development of new constructs, patterns, or behaviors

b. Level 2: Partial examination

38. "I've been avoiding my anger, and it is getting in my way. I'm going to start dealing with it." An interviewer may hear this statement in which level of the Client Change Scale (CCS)? a. Level 1: Denial b. Level 4: Generation of a new solution c. Level 5: Development of new constructs, patterns, or behaviors d. Level 3: Acceptance and recognition, but no change

b. Level 4: Generation of a new solution

46. Which of the following is NOT an enriched consequence of good nutrition? a. Joyful relationships b. Lower levels of oxytocin c. Helping others d. None of the above

b. Lower levels of oxytocin

The idea of person-in-community was developed by ______ (1994), who pointed out that our family and community history and experiences live within each of us. a. Onwuegbuzie b. Ogbonnaya c. Oberne d. Octavio

b. Ogbonnaya

36. Client response: "Yes, I do love her. I care for her very much. She is extremely important to me. We do everything together. We really do so many things that work out OK." This client is where on the CCS? a. Denial b. Partial examination c. Full examination, no change d. Decision to live with incongruity

b. Partial examination

3. ____ "Steps need to be taken to improve the humor or eliminate it completely." a. Person focus b. Problem / main theme focus c. Others focus d. Family focus e. Mutual issues or group focus f. Interviewer focus g. Cultural / environmental / contextual focus

b. Problem / main theme focus

7. ____ "How would you like to finance? And how much did you plan to spend on a car?" a. Person focus b. Problem / main theme focus c. Others focus d. Family focus e. Mutual issues or group focus f. Interviewer focus g. Cultural / environmental / contextual focus

b. Problem / main theme focus

20. Which skill is most useful in working with an implicit level of speech and action? a. Reflection of feeling b. Reflection of meaning c. Summarization d. Confrontation

b. Reflection of meaning

2. We can thank ______________ for the term "reflection of feeling" a. Miller b. Rogers c. Ellis d. Beck

b. Rogers

5. ________ was the first person to demystify the counseling process. a. Freud b. Rogers c. Skinner d. Ivey

b. Rogers

14. "Robert, I'd like to know some things that have gone well for you at work." Identify the stage from the five-stage dimensions of the interview where an interviewer would most likely use this statement. a. Stage 1: Empathic relationship - Initiate the Session b. Stage 2: Story and Strengths - Gather Data c. Stage 3: Goals - Mutual goal setting d. Stage 4: Restory - Working e. Stage 5: Action - Terminating

b. Stage 2: Story and Strengths - Gather Data

15. "Patricia, what is your concern?" Identify the stage from the five-stage dimensions of the interview where an interviewer would most likely use this statement. a. Stage 1: Empathic relationship - Initiate the Session b. Stage 2: Story and Strengths - Gather Data c. Stage 3: Goals - Mutual goal setting d. Stage 4: Restory - Working e. Stage 5: Action - Terminating

b. Stage 2: Story and Strengths - Gather Data

24. "On the one hand..., and on the other hand..." In which step of empathic confrontation would an interviewer most likely make this statement? a. Step 1: Identify conflict b. Step 2: Summarize c. Step 3: Evaluate d. This is not included in supportive confrontation.

b. Step 2: Summarize

16. "So far we've heard that you really aren't comfortable in class and that you have difficulty in speaking up. Could we shift emphasis for awhile and would you tell me about one of your success stories in the Cambodian community?" This is most likely what stage of the interview? a. Empathic relationship - Initiating the session b. Story and strengths - Gathering data c. Goals - Mutual goal setting d. Restory - Working

b. Story and strengths - Gathering data

3. Which one of the following is an expected result when using reflection of meaning? a. The client will experience their feelings and emotions more deeply. b. The client will discuss stories, issues, and concerns in more depth. c. The client will role-play personal stories and conflictive issues. d. The client will analyze deep-seated memories

b. The client will discuss stories, issues, and concerns in more depth.

4. Empathic confrontation is: a. a direct, harsh challenge guiding clients to face hard issues. b. a complex of skills requiring observation and listening. c. seeking clarification by "going against" client idea. d. the primary skill used by interviewers to cause clients to see their errors.

b. a complex of skills requiring observation and listening.

6. Empathic confrontation is: a. a direct, harsh challenge guiding clients to face hard issues. b. a gentle skill that includes listening. c. seeking clarification by "going against" client ideas. d. the primary skill used by interviewers

b. a gentle skill that includes listening.

The family genogram is ____. a. only for family counseling b. a good way to help a client focus on family issues c. a technique for advanced therapy d. all of the above

b. a good way to help a client focus on family issues

27. The process of discernment is ____. a. completely unrelated to the microskills b. a more systematic approach to finding meaning and purpose c. another term to describe reflection of meaning d. another term to describe interpretation / reframe

b. a more systematic approach to finding meaning and purpose

13. A nonjudgmental attitude requires that you assume: a. an evaluative listening to detect client deception. b. a value neutrality in relation to your client. c. an active and assertive communication with your client. d. all of the above.

b. a value neutrality in relation to your client.

30. When a client feels anger, the _____________ energizes the limbic HPA axis and hormones lead to faster heartbeat, higher blood pressure, breathing changes, muscular tension a. TAP b. amygdala c. pituitary gland d. all of the above

b. amygdala

10. The effective salesperson: a. wisely ignores the feelings of her or his clients b. carefully observes the emotions so he or she can optimize sales c. will note the feelings of clients and may regularly reflect them back d. none of the above

b. carefully observes the emotions so he or she can optimize sales

A counselor is most likely looking for ________ and ________ when he or she suggests to the client that creating a community genogram may be helpful. a. "free-form" client activity; client creativity b. client developmental history; to identify client strengths c. detail client strengths; detail client issues d. community of origin; present community

b. client developmental history; to identify client strengths

8. Reflecting meaning involves ________, while the interpretation/reframe implies ________. a. interviewer direction; client direction b. client direction; interviewer direction c. client topics; interviewer topics d. interviewer topics; client topics

b. client direction; interviewer direction

26. The vision quest is to Native Americans as ____ is to any client seeking meaning of their current life. a. hoping b. discernment c. career planning d. resolving problems

b. discernment

25. Discernment is a strategy that may enable clients to ____. a. develop a more positive attitude toward their past problems b. discover deeper meanings and purpose in their lives and find a clearer direction for the future c. empower them to make decisions d. discover the underlying meaning of their problems

b. discover deeper meanings and purpose in their lives and find a clearer direction for the future

15. "On the one hand..., and on the other hand..." This is typically used in _________. a. reframing b. empathic confrontation c. psychoeducation d. interpretation

b. empathic confrontation

28. Without a follow-up plan, clients often: a. feel anxious. b. fail to do what was decided. c. take responsibility of their actions. d. become creative and resourceful.

b. fail to do what was decided.

23. Your warmth may be described as the ___________ that holds empathy and the possibility of positive change together a. engine b. glue c. thought d. all of the above

b. glue

13. In the five-stage interview model, Stage 2, story and strengths, does NOT include ____. a. defining the problem b. identifying the interviewer role c. drawing out stories, concerns and issues d. identifying client strengths

b. identifying the interviewer role

The word problem: a. is useful to label clients issues. b. is in itself a problem. c. offers immediate insight. d. identifies in itself solutions.

b. is in itself a problem.

29. Which of the following is the emotional center of the brain? a. right brain b. limbic system c. left brain d. hippocampus

b. limbic system

34. ______________ clients may demonstrate an upright body position, frowing and louder or forced vocal tone; the mouth and jaws may be tense and lips tightened, fists clenched or the palms down. a. sad b. mad c. scared d. disgusted

b. mad

6. When the counsellor intentionally uses a(n) ______________, he or she can expect the client will feel heard. They will tend to go on further and not repeat the same story again a. encourager/restatement b. paraphrase c. reflection of feeling d. confrontation

b. paraphrase

14. The most immediate and potentially powerful tense for a reflection of feeling is: a. past tense b. present tense c. future tense d. all tenses have equal power

b. present tense

4. The basic listening sequence consists of which skills? a. attending behavior, listening skills, and self-disclosure b. questions, encouragers, paraphrases, reflection of feeling, and summarizations c. verbal underlining, attending behavior, and influencing skills d. open questions, closed questions, attending behavior, check-out

b. questions, encouragers, paraphrases, reflection of feeling, and summarizations

27. The following primary emotions, in terms of facial expression and language, have been validated throughout the world in all cultures. These primary emotions are: a. mad, annoying, angry, contempt, surprise, furious b. sad, mad, glad, contempt, scared c. happy, joyous, excited, nervous, contempt, surprise d. surprised, disgusted, caring, guilt, obstinate, and contempt

b. sad, mad, glad, contempt, scared

39. Reflection of meaning and exploration likely would lead to ____. a. an increased awareness of the importance of meditation b. the development of new neural connections in the brain c. increase in neurons and neural connections in the specific place in the brain where we find morality and spirituality d. none of the above

b. the development of new neural connections in the brain

46. The skill of reflection of meaning is generally for ____. a. less verbal clients b. verbal clients c. clients who have a history of needing deeper understanding and emotional expression of relevant feelings, thoughts, and attitudes which in turn may be manifested by unusual language patterns d. severely disturbed clients

b. verbal clients

24. Client: since my mother was diagnosed with cancer, I've been really worried and concerned, she just doesn't look as well as she did before, she needs a lot more rest Which of the following interviewer responses is reflection of feeling? a. your mother has cancer and needs rest b. you seem really worried and concerned for your mother c. your mother looks well, but she needs more rest d. um, tell me more

b. you seem really worried and concerned for your mother

37. Which question is most likely to bring out underlying client meaning issues? a. "Could you tell me more?" b. "Could you share some specifics of what occurred?" c. "Could you share what sense you make of it?" d. "Could you explore that in more detail?"

c. "Could you share what sense you make of it?"

38. Which one of the following client responses indicates that the client is considering life meaning? a. "How will I resolve this issue?" b. "I'm so confused; which plan should I follow?" c. "What should I really be doing?" d. "I am hurt and I am angry."

c. "What should I really be doing?"

37. Approximately ___ million new neural connections are made and lost daily. a. 5 b. 10 c. 20 d. 30

c. 20

43. Enriched sleep requires ___ hours of sleep. a. 5-7 b. 6-8 c. 7-9 d. 8-10

c. 7-9

Working memory can hold _____ items. a. 5±2 b. 6±2 c. 7±2 d. 8±2

c. 7±2

In which scenario will talking with clients about their issues NOT be enough, and the interviewer may need to consider advocacy or an approach to resolve a social justice issue? a. As an elementary school counselor, you are helping a student who feels overwhelmed with her homework assignments. b. As a personal counselor, you are working with a woman facing divorce. c. As a personnel officer, you discover systematic bias against promotion for women and minorities. d. As a high-school guidance counselor, you are helping graduating Seniors prepare their paperwork for college.

c. As a personnel officer, you discover systematic bias against promotion for women and minorities.

20. Incongruities and discrepancies of the interviewee to be identified include all EXCEPT which of the following? a. Between two statements b. Between statements and nonverbal behavior c. Between the influencing skill used by the interviewer and the interviewee response d. Between what one says and what one does

c. Between the influencing skill used by the interviewer and the interviewee response

26. Which of the following statements about the Client Change Scale (CCS) is NOT true? a. CCS measures the effectiveness of confronting clients about mixed messages. b. CCS assesses the client's position relative to how he/she copes with life changes. c. CCS measures the intensity of counselor statements during direct confrontation. d. The way a client deals with a variety of life change issues can all be considered using the CCS.

c. CCS measures the intensity of counselor statements during direct confrontation.

30. The theory and philosophy of the five-stage decisional style is similar to: a. Sigmund Freud's Psychoanalytic Therapy. b. Alfred Adler's Individual Therapy. c. Carl Rogers's Person Centered Therapy. d. Aaron Beck's Cognitive Therapy.

c. Carl Rogers's Person Centered Therapy.

37. Client response: "I heard what you are saying. I want to change, but right at the moment I just can't do what I want. I tried last week, it didn't work. The divorce is getting to me. I'll do the best I can to change, but it is so hard." This client is where on the CCS? a. Partial examination b. Full examination, no change c. Decision to live with incongruity d. Development of new larger and more inclusive constructs, patterns, behaviors

c. Decision to live with incongruity

29. In regards to taking notes during the session, which of the following is NOT true? a. If you are relaxed about note taking, it will seldom become an issue. b. When writing takes precedence over listening it should be avoided. c. Detailed note taking is critical to maintaining a useful treatment plan. d. If you are worried about taking notes, it will likely be a problem.

c. Detailed note taking is critical to maintaining a useful treatment plan.

5. Careful listening is one of the most powerful influencing skills. Which one of the following statements about influencing is NOT true? a. Paraphrasing is particularly useful when decisions need to be made. b. Reflection of feeling is useful to feedback of mixed emotions. c. Direct and firm confrontation helps clients identify their errors. d. A good summary brings together many thoughts, feelings and behaviors.

c. Direct and firm confrontation helps clients identify their errors.

10. Define the problem, define goals, and generate alternative solutions and select an approach comprise the classic three-step decisional or problem-solving model credited to Benjamin Franklin. What two steps were added to create the current five-stage interview model? a. Empathic relationship, closing b. Structuring the session, developing a checklist c. Empathic relationship, action d. Goals, story and strengths

c. Empathic relationship, action

41. Which of the following regarding exercise is NOT supported by research? a. About 25% of the U.S. population gets no exercise at all. b. Exercise enhances mood. c. Exercise does not benefit people with cancer or multiple sclerosis. d. Exercise is useful in the treatment of panic disorders.

c. Exercise does not benefit people with cancer or multiple sclerosis.

"We will work this out together." What is the focus of the statement? a. Focus on the client b. Focus on the main theme or problem c. Focus on mutuality d. Focus on the interviewer

c. Focus on mutuality

"As I hear you, Jackson is the likely father; but on the other hand, you really aren't sure? Have I got that right?" What is the focus of this statement? a. Focus on the client b. Focus on the main theme or problem c. Focus on others d. Focus on family

c. Focus on others

What is the focus of the following statement? "You think you know who the father is?" a. Focus on the client b. Focus on the main theme or problem c. Focus on others d. Focus on mutuality

c. Focus on others

33. Client response: "I understand what you are saying, it just doesn't make sense what I'm doing. I seem to be saying one thing, but doing another." This client is where on the CCS? a. Denial b. Partial examination c. Full examination, no change d. Development of new constructs, patterns, or behaviors

c. Full examination, no change

21. "Given all the things we've talked about so far, what would you like to have happen in class with Professor Doe?" This is most likely what stage of the interview? a. Empathic relationship - Initiating the session b. Story and strengths - Gathering data c. Goals - Mutual goal setting d. Restory - Working

c. Goals - Mutual goal setting

10. What, if any, is the difference between interpretation and reframe? a. There is no discernable difference. b. Both focus on providing a new way of thinking for the client. c. Interpretation reveals new ways of thinking beneath client conversation; reframe defines a new frame of reference for considering issues. d. Interpretation is new ways of thinking provided by the client; reframe is a new frame of reference provided by the interviewer.

c. Interpretation reveals new ways of thinking beneath client conversation; reframe defines a new frame of reference for considering issues.

28. The reality of the story is acknowledged during __________________ of the Client Change Scale (CCS). a. Level 1: Denial b. Level 2: Partial examination c. Level 3: Acceptance and recognition, but no change d. Level 4: Generation of a new solution

c. Level 3: Acceptance and recognition, but no change

31. Reflection of meaning is most often associated with which theory? a. Behavioral b. Person-centered c. Logotherapy d. Psychodynamic

c. Logotherapy

9. Which one of the following is NOT a technique to supportively challenge or confront a client? a. Observe and note discrepancies and conflict. b. Feed back internal and external discrepancies to the client. c. Match tonal quality with the client during the feedback of discrepancies. d. Evaluate the client response and whether there is client change.

c. Match tonal quality with the client during the feedback of discrepancies.

In working with some Asian and Southern European peoples, which focus is often more appropriate than typical middle-class U.S. focusing? a. The individual b. The cultural / environmental context c. Mutual focus emphasizing "we" d. Mutual focus emphasizing different cultures

c. Mutual focus emphasizing "we"

Which one of the following statements is NOT true of mutuality focus? a. Mutuality can be controversial and should be used infrequently. b. Mutuality can be powerful as it uses the interviewer as an instrument. c. Mutuality is not a legitimate focus area. d. Mutuality focus puts the client and interviewer on an equal level.

c. Mutuality is not a legitimate focus area.

44. Which of the following contextual factors may lead to clients' low self-worth and self-esteem? a. Self-talk and internal dialogue b. Cognitive distortions and negative schemas c. Oppression and racism d. All of the above

c. Oppression and racism

1. ____ "Several people I talked to had the course last semester and felt so good during an exam that they actually began to sing." a. Person focus b. Problem / main theme focus c. Others focus d. Family focus e. Mutual issues or group focus f. Interviewer focus g. Cultural / environmental / contextual focus

c. Others focus

9. ____ "Your family wants space. What kind of car have they got in mind?" a. Person focus b. Problem / main theme focus c. Others focus d. Family focus e. Mutual issues or group focus f. Interviewer focus g. Cultural / environmental / contextual focus

c. Others focus

1. Choose the BEST method for formulating and responding to the client with an interpretation / reframe. a. Match the client's behavior with the most appropriate microskill. b. Draw conclusions from the client's nonverbal expression of feeling. c. Provide a fresh look at the issue and link ideas or information. d. Consider the ethnic and cultural background of the client.

c. Provide a fresh look at the issue and link ideas or information.

44. Interpretation / reframing link ideas and enable the client to understand how unconscious past and long-term, deeply seated thoughts, feelings, and behaviors frame the here and now of daily client experiencing in which of the following theories? a. Decisional Theory b. Cognitive Behavioral Theory c. Psychodynamic Theory d. Person-Centered Theory

c. Psychodynamic Theory

16. Which of the following is most closely associated with values and beliefs? a. Paraphrase b. Reflection of feeling c. Reflection of meaning d. Summarization

c. Reflection of meaning

"How are your friends helpful to you?" By using this question, how is the interviewer trying to focus the client? a. Client focus b. Theme or issue focus c. Significant others d. Cultural context / environmental

c. Significant others

"So you learned in your family that trying harder helped work things out?" By using this question, how is the interviewer trying to focus the client? a. Client focus b. Theme or issue focus c. Significant others d. Mutuality, immediacy, interviewer

c. Significant others

20. "Robert, describe an ideal solution." Identify the stage from the five-stage counseling model where an interviewer would most likely use this statement. a. Stage 1: Empathic relationship - Initiating the session b. Stage 2: Story and Strengths - Gathering data c. Stage 3: Goals - Mutual goal setting d. Stage 4: Restory - Working e. Stage 5: Action - Terminating

c. Stage 3: Goals - Mutual goal setting

32. The positive, happy emotions are located primarily in the: a. HPT b. TAH c. TAP d. PAT

c. TAP

7. Empathic confrontation is best described as _____________. a. direct eye contact and a clear voice b. identifying mixed messages c. a gentle, but firm, challenge d. all of the above

c. a gentle, but firm, challenge

31. Cognitive Behavior Therapy is strong in the: a. empathic relationship stage. b. reflection of feelings step. c. action and relapse prevention phase. d. all of the above.

c. action and relapse prevention phase.

46. Acknowledging feelings is: a. another term for reflection feelings b. not a recognized term associated with microskills c. brief recognition of feelings before moving on with the client story d. reflection of feelings used mainly with adult clients

c. brief recognition of feelings before moving on with the client story

8. As a result of effective and empathic confrontation, a counselor or interviewer can anticipate that the client will ________. a. resolve his or her issues b. move to a more productive topic c. come up with new ideas, thoughts, and feelings d. become angry

c. come up with new ideas, thoughts, and feelings

48. With some clients, the brief acknowledgement of ___________ may be more appropriate a. encouragement b. paraphrase c. feeling d. summary

c. feeling

26. Which of the following will NOT help you to practice reflection of feeling? a. combine reflection of feeling with paraphrasing b. become aware of and competent in each of the microskills c. focus on integrating reflection of feeling with questioning, encouraging and paraphrasing d. use the skill as frequently as possible, and gradually integrate the microskills naturally into your personal style

c. focus on integrating reflection of feeling with questioning, encouraging and paraphrasing

17. During the ____ stage of the interview clients will discuss directions that he or she might want to go, new ways of thinking, desired feeling states, and behaviors that might be changed. a. empathic relationship b. story and strengths c. goals d. restory e. action

c. goals

18. During the ____ stage of the interview clients might seek to learn how to live more effectively with situations or events that cannot be changed at this point (e.g., rape, death, an accident, an illness). a. empathic relationship b. story and strengths c. goals d. restory e. action

c. goals

19. During the ____ stage of the interview a more ideal story ending might be defined. a. empathic relationship b. story and strengths c. goals d. restory e. action

c. goals

The community genogram is used to help clients understand how their ________ might affect their current feelings and thoughts. a. behavior b. hobbies c. history d. careers

c. history

17. The first step in confrontation is: a. establishing rapport. b. asking the client why he or she did it. c. identifying a contradiction or discrepancy. d. confronting the client.

c. identifying a contradiction or discrepancy.

22. In the five-stage counseling model, Stage 4, restory, does NOT include ____. a. generate alternatives b. confront client incongruities and conflict c. identifying the interviewer role d. help clients create new stories, thinking, and behavior

c. identifying the interviewer role

25. Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the skill of reflecting feelings? a. it is probably one of the easiest skills for you to master b. it is probably the skill we used most in our daily communications c. it is probably one of the skills that takes more time to get fully comfortable with d. all of the above

c. it is probably one of the skills that takes more time to get fully comfortable with

31. Sorting out mixed feelings is best done, according to the authors, by: a. using the exact words of the client b. paraphrasing feelings clearly, encouraging and then summarizing c. noting ambivalent words like confusion and discovering underlying deeper feelings through questioning and reflection of feeling d. carefully bringing out additional specifics of the client's emotional world

c. noting ambivalent words like confusion and discovering underlying deeper feelings through questioning and reflection of feeling

The idea of _____________ suggests that our family and community history and experiences live within each of us. a. citizen of the county b. member-of-society c. person-in-community d. being-in-relationship

c. person-in-community

15. What should you do when feelings of the client are not fully understandable and seem confused? a. ignore the feeling until you understand fully what the client is saying b. paraphrasing and summarize what you have heard c. reflect the feelings as you have heard them, but include a check-out for accuracy d. all of the above

c. reflect the feelings as you have heard them, but include a check-out for accuracy

33. ______________ clients may demonstrate a general tension and increased breathing rate, averted eyes, or raised eyebrows, furrowed brow, lip biting, crossed arms, or anxious playing with finger a. sad b. mad c. scared d. disgusted

c. scared

Clients tend to talk about or focus on topics to which the counselor or interviewer gives primary attention. This is known as ____. a. interviewer focus b. topical priorities c. selective attention d. session structuring

c. selective attention

The focusing skill is closely related to ____. a. hippocampus b. energizing amygdala c. selective attention d. non-verbal behavior

c. selective attention

12. Which of the following correctly details the techniques of reflecting feelings? a. sentence stem, feeling label, content summary, past-tense, check-out b. feeling label, brief context, sentence content, tense, check-out c. sentence stem, feeling label, brief context, tense, check-out d. feeling label, brief context, tense, check-out, closing

c. sentence stem, feeling label, brief context, tense, check-out

19. "I feel really terrible. My folks have divorced. They have moved apart and I don't know where to live." Which would be a reflection of feeling in response to this client? a. you're really confusing b. really terrible c. sounds like you're really upset and are confused as to what to do next d. looks like you have had a bad experience. I can see that it would be tough deciding what to do next

c. sounds like you're really upset and are confused as to what to do next

12. A nonjudgmental attitude requires that you: a. assert your opinions with a positive attitude. b. stop your listening skills and let client speak. c. suspend your own opinions and attitudes. d. all of the above.

c. suspend your own opinions and attitudes.

The family genogram is particularly helpful for us in understanding: a. the client. b. the family. c. the client's family contextual issues. d. the cultural/environmental/contextual issues.

c. the client's family contextual issues.

36. If you help your clients find a "why" through exploration of meaning, ____. a. the "how" will often be discovered by the following session b. finding the "how" is automatic c. they will often find their own "how" or way to achieve their objectives d. they will be open to the "how" directed by the interviewer

c. they will often find their own "how" or way to achieve their objectives

23. Which of the following questions would NOT be used as part of the discernment process? a. "What sense do you make of your illness and the future?" b. "What's been missing for you in your present life?" c. "What is the purpose of you working so hard?" d. "How does this rejection make you feel?"

d. "How does this rejection make you feel?"

47. Which question would most effectively probe for meaning? a. "Why do you do that?" b. "Does it really matter?" c. "How could it be that way?" d. "Why is that important for you?"

d. "Why is that important for you?"

46. Which of the following statements regarding empathic confrontation and mediation is NOT true? a. There is a need for actual contact and communication between combatants. b. Power needs to be equal between the two individuals or groups. c. There is need to search for common goals and areas of agreement. d. A win-win resolution is most achievable when two individuals or groups meet to address

d. A win-win resolution is most achievable when two individuals or groups meet to address

25. "You've decided that you want to be more assertive with your friends. That's great, but now let us make a specific plan to take that idea home." This is most likely what stage of the interview? a. Story and strengths - Gathering data b. Goals - Mutual goal setting c. Restory - Working d. Action - Terminating

d. Action - Terminating

14. A nonjudgmental attitude is expressed through which of the following? a. Body language b. Vocal qualities c. Statements that indicate neither approval nor disapproval d. All of the above

d. All of the above

29. Which of the following is a key word used by interviewers to elicit meaning? a. Intent b. Reasons c. Cause d. All of the above

d. All of the above

33. Which of the following behaviors best describes the client who "hyper-reflects?" a. Thinks about things too much b. Focuses on the negative meaning of life experiences c. Overeats, drinks to excess, or wallows in depression d. All of the above

d. All of the above

38. Which of the following is an enriched consequence of exercise? a. Better sleep b. Production of dopamine c. Increased gray matter d. All of the above

d. All of the above

42. Which of the following is an enriched consequence of sleep? a. Increases hormones b. Consolidates learning c. Improves mood d. All of the above

d. All of the above

44. Which of the following is an enriched consequence of good nutrition? a. Increase myelin b. Better mental health c. Improves cognition d. All of the above

d. All of the above

45. Which of the following is a key consideration of intentional interpretation/reframing? a. Client's situation b. Supporting client c. Client focused purpose d. All of the above

d. All of the above

45. Which of the following is an enriched consequence of good social relationships? a. More love b. Joyful relationships c. Helping others d. All of the above

d. All of the above

47. Which of the following is an enriched cognitive challenge? a. Learning to play a musical instrument b. Mastering a foreign language c. Playing bridge d. All of the above

d. All of the above

What type of client is MOST likely to benefit from a community genogram? a. Clients from nuclear families b. Clients who can trace their family over time c. Adopted clients d. All of the above

d. All of the above

What type of client is likely to benefit from a family genogram? a. Adopted clients b. First generation Americans c. Clients from nuclear families d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following can be used to identify personal and multicultural strengths? a. Post the community genogram on the wall. b. Focus on one single dimension of the community. c. Develop two positive stories from groups within the community. d. All of the above.

d. All of the above.

Which of the following is a reason to focus client conversation? a. The client gives you three full minutes of problematic stories. b. The client insists that you start solving issues immediately. c. You and the client are overwhelmed by the number of client issues. d. All of the above.

d. All of the above.

2. The basic listening sequence can operate in which of the following settings? a. Management b. Sales c. Medicine d. All of these

d. All of these

7. Which of the following is TRUE about thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and meanings? a. These dimensions operate independently, and the counselor must clarify each one. b. Thoughts and meanings are the most important dimensions. c. Behaviors and feelings are the most important dimensions. d. Any change in one dimension affects other dimensions.

d. Any change in one dimension affects other dimensions.

"What are some of the strengths that you gain from your spiritual orientation?" By using this question, how is the interviewer trying to focus the client? a. Client focus b. Problem or issue focus c. Significant others d. Cultural context / environmental

d. Cultural context / environmental

"What do you see in your genogram that reminds you of good times?" By using this question, how is the interviewer trying to focus the client? a. Client focus b. Problem or issue focus c. Significant others d. Cultural context / environmental

d. Cultural context / environmental

34. Client response: "I don't understand what you are saying. There's no need to put it together. There's no problem. That's the way I do it." This client is where on the CCS? a. Denial b. Partial examination c. Decision to live with incongruity d. Development of new constructs, patterns, or behaviors

d. Development of new constructs, patterns, or behaviors

35. Client response: "I think I see what you're saying. There is a big incongruity there. I want to stop, but I was abused and hit by my parents. I think I'm doing better than they did ¾ at least I don't strike Amie. But perhaps I can do something different next week. I'll try your new idea about disciplining her." This client is where on the CCS? a. Partial examination b. Full examination, no change c. Decision to live with incongruity d. Development of new constructs, patterns, or behaviors

d. Development of new constructs, patterns, or behaviors

32. After four interviews, Dominic comments, "Wow, it's really working. Things are great at home. Sara and I are doing well. Working together works!" Dominic is in what level of the CCS scale? a. Denial b. Partial examination c. Acceptance and recognition, but no change d. Development of new, larger, and more inclusive constructs, patterns, or behaviors—transcendence

d. Development of new, larger, and more inclusive constructs, patterns, or behaviors—transcendence

49. Questioning the client may lead to discernment. Which emotional style is best supported by this question? "How have various significant others related to your experiences?" a. Sensorimotor b. Concrete c. Formal d. Dialectic / systemic

d. Dialectic / systemic

21. "What significant life events have shaped your beliefs about life?" In which of the following constructs does this interviewer response BEST fit? a. Paraphrase b. Reflection of feeling c. Reflection of meaning d. Eliciting meaning

d. Eliciting meaning

5. ____ "Tell me a bit more about your family's reactions?" a. Person focus b. Problem / main theme focus c. Others focus d. Family focus e. Mutual issues or group focus f. Interviewer focus g. Cultural / environmental / contextual focus

d. Family focus

"Financially, things were tight last time. How will it be this time?" ____ is the primary focus of this paraphrase and open question. a. The client b. The main theme or problem c. Mutuality d. Focus on cultural / environmental / contextual issues

d. Focus on cultural / environmental / contextual issues

What is the focus of the following counselor's statement? "Women often take all the responsibility and have to stand alone and work it out." a. Focus on the client b. Focus on the main theme or problem c. Focus on mutuality d. Focus on cultural / environmental / contextual issues

d. Focus on cultural / environmental / contextual issues

What is the focus of the following interviewer's statement? "What help have you found in your community church?" a. Focus on the client b. Focus on the main theme or problem c. Focus on mutuality d. Focus on cultural / environmental / contextual issues

d. Focus on cultural / environmental / contextual issues

"What's occurring between you and your mother and father right now?" Where is the focus of this open question? a. Focus on the client b. Focus on the main theme or problem c. Focus on others d. Focus on family

d. Focus on family

17. Josephine: I've been in this "home" for three years now. The staff doesn't care, my family never comes, and the food is awful. Which is the most appropriate reflection of her implicit feelings? a. Josephine, you sound angry. Is that close to what you are feeling? b. Josephine, you are frustrated and angry. Is that close to what you are feeling? c. Josephine, you sound really frustrated d. Josephine, I hear that you are frustrated. Underneath that, you sound lonely... and angry? Is that close to what you are feeling

d. Josephine, I hear that you are frustrated. Underneath that, you sound lonely... and angry? Is that close to what you are feeling

6. Which is believed by the authors to be most central? a. Thoughts b. Feelings c. Behaviors d. Meanings

d. Meanings

40. Which of the following is NOT a positive effect of exercise? a. Better sleep b. Production of dopamine c. Increased gray matter d. Mental health issues

d. Mental health issues

"I simply didn't know what to do when my mother had the same illness. Is that how you feel?" With this response, how is the interviewer trying to focus the client? a. Client focus b. Theme or issue focus c. Significant others d. Mutuality, immediacy, counselor

d. Mutuality, immediacy, counselor

"Vanessa, we've been working together for two weeks. Today I'm glad you can openly express your feelings to me." With this response, how is the interviewer trying to focus the client? a. Client focus b. Theme or issue focus c. Significant others d. Mutuality, immediacy, counselor

d. Mutuality, immediacy, counselor

10. According to the authors, direct confrontation may be inappropriate for: a. European-American clients. b. African-American clients. c. European-Canadian clients. d. Native American clients.

d. Native American clients.

39. Which of the following is a destructive consequence of not doing exercise? a. Production of BDNF b. Production of dopamine c. Increased gray matter d. Obesity

d. Obesity

18. Which word is NOT interchangeable with all the others? a. Discrepancy b. Incongruity c. Conflict d. Observation

d. Observation

43. Reflection of meaning helps clients find alternative ways of viewing the situation in which of the following theories? a. Decisional Theory b. Cognitive Behavioral Theory c. Psychodynamic Theory d. Person-Centered Theory

d. Person-Centered Theory

32. Which of the following best applies to Frankl's Logotherapy? a. Focus on the cultural / environmental / contextual issues. b. Seek to discover how to deal with major life challenges. c. Search for meaning wherever we can find something important. d. Search for meanings under thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

d. Search for meanings under thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

23. "What has worked for you before?" Identify the stage from the five-stage counseling model where an interviewer would most likely use this question. a. Stage 1: Empathic relationship - Initiating the session b. Stage 2: Story and Strengths - Gathering data c. Stage 3: Goals - Mutual goal setting d. Stage 4: Restory - Working e. Stage 5: Action - Terminating

d. Stage 4: Restory - Working

7. Which one of the following statements regarding the Microskills Hierarchy is NOT true? a. The Ivey Taxonomy and the Microskills hierarchy represent a systematic breakdown of the key skills required for intentional interviewing. b. The Ivey Taxonomy and the Microskills hierarchy provide fairly consistent predictions of client responses to accurate interviewer execution of a specific skill. c. The Ivey Taxonomy and the Microskills hierarchy provide flexibility for the interviewer when the unexpected occurs. d. The Ivey Taxonomy and the Microskills hierarchy, with experience, become automatic and allow you to always predict client responses to accurate interviewer use of the skills.

d. The Ivey Taxonomy and the Microskills hierarchy, with experience, become automatic and allow you to always predict client responses to accurate interviewer use of the skills.

30. The founder of Logotherapy is: a. Sigmund Freud. b. Carl Rogers. c. Albert Ellis. d. Viktor Frankl.

d. Viktor Frankl.

50. I see the situation differently each time I look at it, its so sad and I feel so badly that I lost my friend in the accident and I worry that I didn't do more to help, at the same time I treasure the memories and feel so glad to have shared the world... The client is displaying a(n): a. sensorimotor emotional orientation b. concrete emotional orientation c. abstract/formal operational orientation d. abstract dialectic/system orientation

d. abstract dialectic/system orientation

1. "Mobility" is to "immobility" as cultural intentionality is to ____. a. stuckness b. impasse c. blocked d. all of the above

d. all of the above

11. Interpretation / reframing and reflection of meaning ____. a. are both a skill and a strategy b. seek implicit issues and meanings below the surface of conversation c. are designed to help clients examine themselves from a new perspective d. all of the above

d. all of the above

13. The check-out is important because: a. it provides the client room to clarify things that the interviewer may be missed b. it tends to clarify what the client has been saying c. if the counselor is wrong, the client can come back and restate the issue more clearly d. all of the above

d. all of the above

18. Accurately reflecting feeling results in: a. bringing out the richness of the client's emotional world b. helping clients sort out complex feelings and thoughts c. grounding the counselor and client in basic experience d. all of the above

d. all of the above

22. Which of the following is basic to empathic understanding? a. warmth b. appropriate smiling c. showing that you respect and care for your client d. all of the above

d. all of the above

24. Discernment ____. a. is a value clarification process in which the client seeks to find meaning in life b. is "sifting through" our interior and exterior experiences to determine their origin c. describes what helping professionals do when they work with clients at deeper levels of meaning d. all of the above

d. all of the above

28. Social emotions include: a. embarrassment b. guilt c. pride d. all of the above

d. all of the above

3. Which of the following is a common quality of both paraphrasing and reflection of feeling? a. they are both included in feedback to the client b. they may be found together in the same statement c. they are both used in interviews d. all of the above

d. all of the above

38. Which of the follwoing may NOT help clients slow down and regain control of their emotions? a. join clients where they are b. pace clients appropriately c. gestalt exercises d. all of the above

d. all of the above

39. Which of the following would be a possible way to help clients increase emotional expression? a. let's stop for a moment and breath deeply b. would you say that again? c. pay attention to the feelings in your body d. all of the above

d. all of the above

41. Research suggests that positive emotions produce patterns of thought that are: a. flexible b. creative c. integrative d. all of the above

d. all of the above

45. Which of the following is an example of a suggestion to help clients focus more on positive emotions? a. watch a comedy on TV or at the movies b. volunteer at their church or for their favourite charity c. going out with friend d. all of the above

d. all of the above

47. Which of the following represents a potential limitation of reflection of feeling? a. not all clients will appreciate your comments on their feelings b. empathetic reflection can have a confrontational quality to some clients c. timing is particularly important with reflection of feeling d. all of the above

d. all of the above

5. When the interviewer reflects feeling, he or she can expect the client will _____________ a. experience their emotional state more fully b. talk in more depth about their feelings c. correct the interviewer's reflection with more accurate descriptors d. all of the above

d. all of the above

7. If a ______________ is inaccurate, it provides the client with an opportunity to correct the counselor. If questioning tone of voice is used, the client may elaborate further a. paraphrase b. reflection of feeling c. summary d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Advocacy is ____. a. speaking out for your clients b. working in the school or community c. working for social change d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Focusing often results in ____. a. increased cognitive complexity b. broadening understanding through looking at different points of view c. increased ability to direct client talk (or not direct due to your awareness) d. all of the above

d. all of the above

19. Discrepancies internal to the client include: a. mixed messages observed in nonverbal client behavior. b. incongruities between two verbal statements. c. differences between what the client says and what the client does. d. all of the above.

d. all of the above.

22. Discrepancies between the client and the external world include: a. conflict between the client and another person. b. conflict between the client and a challenging situation. c. conflict between the client and a nurse at a hospital. d. all of the above.

d. all of the above.

30. Achieving a major more lasting transformation in client thinking and behavior may require: a. several interviews. b. time to internalize new solutions. c. moving from denial or partial acceptance. d. all of the above.

d. all of the above.

47. The most common empathic confrontation uses: a. paraphrasing. b. reflection of feelings. c. summarizations. d. all of the above.

d. all of the above.

48. The CCS can be used be used to: a. determine the creative effect of your confrontation. b. assess success of your interventions. c. determine client progress over a series of sessions. d. all of the above.

d. all of the above.

The community genogram provides: a. an opportunity for the client to present her or his family in an individually-unique way. b. a chance to see the client's community of origin and how it might represent the unique client's culture. c. an opportunity to compare the community of origin with one's present community setting. d. all of the above.

d. all of the above.

Focusing the interview enables ____. a. increased ability to intentionally direct (or not direct) client talk b. increased cognitive complexity c. broadened understanding through exploring different perspectives d. all of the above

d. all of the above\

3. The basic listening sequence can help ensure that ____. a. the client is encouraged to bring out the facts, feelings, and thoughts around their issues b. clients tell their stories more fully c. interviewers reduce their talk time d. all of these

d. all of these

37. Assuming you have sufficient trust, you might try _____________ to help a client increase emotional expression, you might try: a. commenting on their nonverbals b. asking them to repeat emotionally loaded words c. holding back for an interview or two and avoid the issue d. both a and b

d. both a and b

11. Which of the following is NOT an emotional word? a. angry b. excited c. joy d. considerate

d. considerate

36. ________________ clients may demonstrate a wrinkled nose and upper lip raised and pursed. a. sad b. mad c. scared d. disgusted

d. disgusted

1. Paraphrasing is concerned with feeding back the key points of what a client has said. Reflection of feeling, in contrast, involves: a. observing emotions b. naming emotions c. repeating emotions back to the client d. helping clients become more effective

d. helping clients become more effective

28. Individuals do not make meaning by themselves; they make meaning: a. with the aid of a skilled counselor or interviewer. b. in spite of their multitude of problems and issues. c. with the aid of their significant other. d. in a broader multicultural context.

d. in a broader multicultural context.

16. Spiritual issues in interviewing, counseling, and therapy are often rooted in ____. a. thoughts b. feelings c. behaviors d. meanings

d. meanings

Feminist counseling is more likely than traditional counseling to focus on ____. a. the individual b. the family c. others and their sexism or racism d. mutuality

d. mutuality

21. Feelings are so important in the counseling process that you should: a. reflect every you observe as it comes along b. only reflect those feelings that are directly apparent c. avoid d. none of the above

d. none of the above

22. A reflection of meaning looks very much like a(n) ________ and ________ beyond what the client has to say. a. question; discerns b. summary; looks c. encourager; moves d. paraphrase; focuses

d. paraphrase; focuses

2. According to the authors, an important goal of interviewing is to move clients from a. ideas to feelings. b. problem focus to person focus. c. closed questions to open questions. d. stuckness to intentionality.

d. stuckness to intentionality.

Multiculturally-oriented counseling is more likely than traditional counseling to focus on ____. a. the individual b. the family c. others and their sexism or racism d. the cultural / environmental context

d. the cultural / environmental context

The community genogram is particularly helpful for us in understanding: a. the client. b. the family. c. the client's family contextual issues. d. the cultural/environmental/contextual issues.

d. the cultural/environmental/contextual issues.

34. To "hyper-reflect," one ____. a. reflects too many feelings and/or meanings to the client's detriment b. thinks carefully about many alternatives thus demonstrating intentionality c. transcends suffering through thinking of positive aspects of life d. thinks of negative meanings of events in one's life and may overeat, drink to excess, or wallow in depression

d. thinks of negative meanings of events in one's life and may overeat, drink to excess, or wallow in depression

27. According to Ivey, Ivey, and Zalaquett, if this stage of the well-formed interview is ignored, the chances for change may be reduced. a. Empathic relationship b. Story and strengths c. Goals d. Restory e. Action

e. Action

2. ____ "I agree with you. I only wish I had another test this semester." a. Person focus b. Problem / main theme focus c. Others focus d. Family focus e. Mutual issues or group focus f. Interviewer focus g. Cultural / environmental / contextual focus

e. Mutual issues or group focus

24. "Will you do it?" Identify the stage from the 5-stage decisional model where an interviewer would most likely use this question. a. Stage 1: Empathic relationship - Initiating the session b. Stage 2: Story and Strengths - Gathering data c. Stage 3: Goals - Mutual goal setting d. Stage 4: Restory - Working e. Stage 5: Action - Terminating

e. Stage 5: Action - Terminating

26. During the ____ stage of the interview clients will demonstrate change in behavior, thoughts, and feelings in daily life outside of the interview. If this stage is ignored, the chances for change may be reduced. a. empathic relationship b. story and strengths c. goals d. restory e. action

e. action

10. ____ "I really like my Widget. It's made me feel good just to drive it." a. Person focus b. Problem / main theme focus c. Others focus d. Family focus e. Mutual issues or group focus f. Interviewer focus g. Cultural / environmental / contextual focus

f. Interviewer focus

14. ____ "As I listen to you, I get very angry with the situation." a. Person focus b. Problem / main theme focus c. Others focus d. Family focus e. Mutual issues or group focus f. Interviewer focus g. Cultural / environmental / contextual focus

f. Interviewer focus

11. ____ "Did you know that women and minorities often are charged more for cars than European American men are?" a. Person focus b. Problem / main theme focus c. Others focus d. Family focus e. Mutual issues or group focus f. Interviewer focus g. Cultural / environmental / contextual focus

g. Cultural / environmental / contextual focus

12. ____ "The average woman's pay is 70% of the average man's pay." a. Person focus b. Problem / main theme focus c. Others focus d. Family focus e. Mutual issues or group focus f. Interviewer focus g. Cultural / environmental / contextual focus

g. Cultural / environmental / contextual focus

6. ____ "Apparently there is a university rule prohibiting excessive jumping up and down with happiness during an exam." a. Person focus b. Problem / main theme focus c. Others focus d. Family focus e. Mutual issues or group focus f. Interviewer focus g. Cultural / environmental / contextual focus

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