Frog Lab Quiz (14 questions and packet)

Are frogs reptiles or amphibians? How do you know? What are its characteristics?

Amphibians, they lay their eggs in the water -Cold blooded, non-amniotic (not nourished like humans) Metamorphosis: go through a complete change in their bodies

What is a "vestigial" organ?

An organ that has apparently lost most or all of their ancestral function in a given species. (A good example of this is the appendix in humans.) vestigial: having become functionless in the course of evolution

What function does the valve at the junction of the stomach and intestines serve?

Called pylorus. It regulates the exit of partially digested food from the stomach.

To which organ system does the heart belong and what is its primary function?

Circulatory system. To circulate blood through the body

The thin transparent membrane surrounding the heart is the pericardium. Is this pericardium considered a visceral or parietal membrane?

It is visceral, as it is connected to the diaphragm and the sternum visceral: referring to the viscera, the internal organs of the body, specifically those within the chest or abdomen

Skin is one of our 11 organ systems. What are its primary functions?

Protect the organs inside of the body. Regulate temperature. Frogs can breath through their skin (respiratory system)

What is the pylorus? Where do you find it?

Pylorus: the opening from the stomach into the duodenum (small intestine) In between the stomach and the small intestine Tight area, controls the opening of the stomach and into the stomach -Eating: open -Not eating: closed Keeps stomach acid in place

Describe the small intestines of a frog. In terms of length, compare the small intestine to the large intestine.

So many small intestines, subdivide Small intestine is thin and long; twisted at the posterior side of the frog Large intestine is thick and short In the small intestines is attached directly to a frogs stomach, longer than the large intestine, held together by mesentery -Mesentery: weird, film over the intestines, looks like it's in an amniotic sack. Sections of the small intestine -Ilium: end of the small intestine Large intestine ends at the anus

In male frogs, describe the pathway sperm cells take on the way to the cloaca.

Sperm cells enter the kidney, go through the ureter, and pass through the cloaca.

What other organs are found in the circulatory system? If so, what are they and what are their primary functions?

the heart, the lungs, blood and blood vessels are all part of this system. The main function of these organs is to transport blood and the substances it carries to and from all parts of the body

How many lungs does a frog have? The lungs are hidden under which organ?

2 lungs, sack-like structures on either side of the heart Partially hidden under the liver Primary respiratory organ of the frog (can also breathe through their skin)

How many lobes are in a frog's liver and to which organ system does it belong?

3 lobes. Digestive system.

In the urogenital system, explain the difference between the cloaca and the ureters.

Cloaca: a common cavity at the end of the digestive tract for the release of both excretory and genital products in vertebrates -A small chamber that is posterior to the anus, purpose is to remove all bodily waste -Similar to a human's colon Ureters: the duct by which urine passes from the kidney to the bladder or cloaca -Very thin tube that leads from the posterior end of the kidney to the cloaca

What do you call the finger-like projections that store fat in a frog?

Fat bodies→ they store fat Looks like chunks of fat Light yellow color

Describe the appearance and role of the gallbladder and the spleen of the frog

Gallbladder: small, dark, and green -Dorsal side of the liver -Stores bile: helps in digestion Spleen: small, reddish organ -Purifies the blood and part of the frog's immune system

How many lobes are in a frog's liver and to which organ system does it belong? What is the liver's purpose?

Largest organ of a frog's digestive system is the liver. 3 lobes. Produces bile which helps with digestion of fats. Converts glucose to glycogen

In frogs, what is the relationship between the gallbladder and the liver?

Liver produces/secretes the bile and the bile is stored in the gallbladder

A frog's stomach is in what location and shape?

Long, thick tube on the side of the liver Where chemical digestion occurs Shape in the letter J All digestive enzymes are found here

What is mesentery?

Mesentery: a fold of the peritoneum that attaches the stomach, small intestine, pancreas, spleen, and other organs to the posterior wall of the abdomen -Connective tissue that holds the small intestines together.

Is there any evidence to suggest that the spleen is part of the digestive system? What system is the spleen part of and what is its function?

Next to the large intestine, which would make it seem that it is part of the digestive system. However, the spleen is part of the circulatory system. Makes, stores, and destroys blood cells.

The lungs are only one of several organs that make up the respiratory system. What are the other organs in this system and what are their functions?

Nose and nasal cavity: used to inhale air into the body Mouth: inhaling air through the mouth allows more inhalation, as the oral cavity is much larger than the nasal cavity Pharynx: used for swallowing food and ensures that air can pass to the trachea and food can pass through the esophagus Larynx: allows us the ability to speak Trachea: provide a clear and unhindered airway for air to enter and exit the lungs Bronchi: where the trachea splits to go to both lungs Diaphragm: used in the process of inhalation, separates abdominal cavity from the thoracic cavity

Describe the bladder of the frog.

The function of the urinary bladder in a frog is to store and excrete urine, collect excess fluid and reabsorb glucose that is destined for excretion. A frog's bladder is made up of a permeable membrane, which easily allows water to flow in and out. Essentially, it is a vascularized sac or storage unit that is sensitive to ions and regulates glucose levels. -Two lobed, very thin walled, looked like a deflated balloon

Describe the skin of a frog. What are some of the basic functions of the frog's skin?

Thin, gray/green/brown, sticky, slippery form the mucus Regulates gas exchange, secretion, insulation, protection

What is the function of the urinary bladder and to which organ system does it belong?

Urinary/excretory system. Rids the body of toxins and excess water.

Why is it called the large intestine if it is shorter than the small intestine?

While the small intestine is longer than the large intestine, the large intestine is wider than the small intestine, making it larger.