FSHN 167 Exam 2

Which of the following substances cannot be absorbed directly into the blood?

Long-chain fatty acids

After we eat protein rich meal, which of the following could NOT happen to the amino acids?

amino acids stored in the liver

Which of the following products is NOT generated via TCA cycle or electron transport chain?

ammonia

Which of the following would be found in our body, but not our food?

lipoproteins, such as LDL

Which organ in the body produces cholesterol?

liver

During a short term fast (e.g. overnight), the major source of glucose for the brain is....

liver glycogen

Which of the following foods would have the most concentrated quantity of protein in one portion?

meat

Which of the following describes the sum of all chemical reactions that go on in living cells?

metabolism

Identify the correct match between a type of lipid and a food that contains a considerable amount of it.

monounsaturated fat / olive oil

A football player who is increasing muscle mass would be in:

positive nitrogen balance

Which of the following would contain cholesterol?

salmon

All amino acids are structurally the same _except_ for the:

side group

Below are compounds associated with carbohydrate energy metabolism. Sort these compounds from the highest (=1) to the fewest (=4) number of carbons in one molecule.

1. Glucose 2. Pyruvate 3. Acetyl CoA 4. Carbon dioxide

Which combination of terms is most accurate?

20 amino acids in foods, 9 are essential

According to the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range, protein intake should not exceed _________ percent of total calories.

35

The Acceptable Range of Macronutrient Distribution recommends fat intake not exceed _____ percent of total calories.

35

Which of the following describes a process in protein synthesis?

A copy of the code for protein is carried by a strand of messenger RNA to the site of protein production.

What is the major energy carrier molecule in most cells?

ATP

Which of the following can be synthesized from all three energy-yielding nutrients?

Acetyl CoA

Which of the following it true regarding dietary fats?

All dietary fats have the same amount of kcalories, i.e. 9 kcalories per gram.

Which of the following defines a coenzyme?

An organic molecule required for the functioning of an enzyme

Which of the following are essential fatty acids?

linoleic and linolenic

Which of the following is true about bile?

Bile functions to emulsify fat in the small intestines.

Which of the following is true regarding the electron transport chain of energy metabolism?

During this step, energy is released from energized hydrogen carried by NAD and FAD and captured in ATP.

Barkley is a big fan of the Rocky films. He concluded Rocky's choice of consuming lots of raw eggs in the first film must have been a key factor in his success as a boxer. So Barkley has decided to consume 6 raw eggs every day. Which of the following would be true?

Eggs are a great source of high quality protein, but goodness gracious, cook them. Cooking eggs does not lower the quality or quantity of protein.

Once an ATP molecule releases a phosphate and becomes an ADP, it can no longer be used by the body and will be broken down and excreted.

FALSE

Which of the following statements is true regarding hydrogenation of fats?

Hydrogenation causes the formation of trans-fatty acids.

Which of the following lipoproteins is rich in cholesterol and is used to carry cholesterol to the body?

LDL

Using Matt's dietary analysis from your course packet, it indicates he consumed 170% of his RDA for protein and 13% of his total kcalories from protein. Based on this information, which of the following could be concluded?

Matt met both his RDA for protein and the Acceptable Maconutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for protein.

Which of the following leads to the production of urea?

Oxidation of amino acids

Which of the following is a true in describing how the chemical structure of protein differs from carbohydrate (polysaccharides) and lipids (triglycerides)?

Protein contains nitrogen, but carbohydrates and lipids do not.

What is the consequence if an essential amino acid is missing in the diet?

Protein formation is stops.

What is the relationship between body proteins and water?

Proteins attract water

Which of the following accurately describes an enzyme?

Proteins that facilitate chemical reactions without being changed Proteins that facilitate chemical reactions without being changed

Which of the following illustrates a deamination reaction?

Removal of the amino group from an amino acid

Chris wants to lower his LDL without lowering his HDL. Which of the following would you recommend?

Replace foods high in saturated fat with foods high in monounsaturated fat.

According to the video titled "The Silent Killer" from the PBS series of The Mysterious Human Heart, which of the following is true?

Research has shown that diet and exercise is able to lower blood cholesterol by about 15%.

There are two basic steps in using energy in food to power body functions. Complete the following equations that describe these two steps.

Step 1 is Capture energy: C-H bond broken (food) + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + ATP Step 2 is Release energy: ATP → ADP + PO3 + Energy to power body functions

If Sam wanted to improve the quality of fat he is consuming, which of the following changes would be most beneficial?

Switch from butter to just peanut butter on his toast.

Which of the following is true regarding forms of energy the body uses?

The energy from food the body uses is in the carbon-hydrogen bonds of carbohydrate, protein, fat and alcohol.

When considering the quality of a fat, which of the following would be true.

When the quality of a fat increases, the number of calories per gram remains the same.

Which of the following foods would have the highest biological value protein?

cheese

In nature, most double bonds of fatty acids are in the _________ formation, but after hydrogenation many have been converted to _________ formation.

cis, trans

The definition of a complete or high-quality protein is a protein which:

contains all essential amino acids in a pattern which is proportional to human needs.

The three basic processes of energy metabolism are...

conversion to Acetyl CoA, enter the TCA cycle, enter the electron transport chain

Which of the following would likely have the biggest impact in reducing ones risk for cardiovascular disease?

decreasing saturated fat intake

Which of the following is a source of essential amino acids for the amino acid pool in the body?

diet degradation of other body proteins

Below are compounds associated with metabolic pathways of protein energy metabolism. Indicate if each compound does or does not contain nitrogen as part of its chemical structure.

dietary protein- contains nitrogen pyruvate- does not contain nitrogen amino acid- contains nitrogen urea- contains nitrogen Acetyl CoA- does not contain nitrogen

A lacto-ovo-vegetarian eats:

eggs, milk and all plant products

Since food provides energy, the more you eat the more "pep" you will feel.

false

The body stores excess energy proportion to macronutrients consumed, so a diet with excess kcalories that is low in fat and high in carbohydrates leads to less body fat and more glycogen being stored on the body.

false

A high protein diet generally corresponds to a diet that is too high in:

fat.

Which of the following would be a source of energy during anaerobic metabolism?

glucose

A condition known as ______________ causes a person with untreated diabetes or who has been on a multiple day fast to have urine and breath that smells slightly sweet, sort of like acetone.

ketosis

Fat is essential in the diet to provide:

linoleic acid

Women tend to develop heart disease later than men because...

the hormone estrogen has a protective effect in women before menopause.

Gluconeogenesis is...

the production of glucose from amino acids.

About 95% of lipids in food and in the human body are:

triglycerides

The body is able to regulate how much energy it produces by monitoring the relative amounts of ATP and ADP or AMP in the body.

true

All of the following are advantages of vegetarian diets EXCEPT...

vitamin B12 is higher