FST 215

No matter the pipe size, a flow rate of ____________ will provide the necessary volume to remove any debris in the line.

10 feet per second. the maximum flow rate available. no less than the system demand rate. (pg 233)

Foam pumps must be able to run dry for ______ without becoming damaged.

10 minutes (pg 226)

What is the maximum distance the fire department connection can be from a fire hydrant?

100 feet (Ch. 6 Review)

What is the minimum design pressure for standpipe systems at the hydraulically most remote 2½-inch hose valve outlet?

100 psi (Ch. 6 Review)

According to NFPA 72, the public mode audible sound level must last more than 60 seconds and must be at least _______ above the average ambient sound level.

15 decibels (pg 61)

When a fire pump is running at peak performance, how much flow and pressure relative to the rated performance should it be able to generate?

150% of the rated flow and 65% of the rated pressure (Ch. 5 Review)

According to NFPA 14, a fire department connection must be located a minimum of ____ above the adjoining ground, sidewalk, or grade surface.

18 inches (pg 153)

What is the duration and testing air pressure for the air test in a dry standpipe system?

24 hours at 40 psi (pg 161)

What is the minimum amount of time that the water supply must be able to provide water to a standpipe system?

30 minutes (Ch. 6 Review)

Which of the following Class A fire extinguisher ratings is based on outdoor tests?

30-A (pg 289)

According to NFPA 14, what is the maximum height that a fire department connection may be located above the adjoining ground, sidewalk, or grade surface?

48 inches (pg 153)

According to NFPA 10, water-based extinguishers should be hydrostatically tested every ____ years.

5 (pg 296)

If a Class A fire extinguisher has a rating of 6-A, it must be able to extinguish a _____ wood crib fire.

6-cubic-foot (pg 289)

What is the minimum design pressure for standpipe systems at the hydraulically most remote 1½-inch hose valve outlet?

65 psi (Ch. 6 Review)

What is the minimum design pressure for a standpipe system at the hydraulically most remote 1½-inch hose valve outlet?

65 psi (pg 160)

The design of water-based fire extinguishing systems is based on the premise that one gallon of water, when properly applied, can absorb how many British thermal units?

8000 (pg 12)

How frequently should smoke control systems undergo functional and performance testing?

Annually (pg 312)

____________ systems contain water in the pipe at all times and are required to supply sufficient quantities of water to support manual firefighting operations.

Automatic wet standpipe (pg 147)

List the locations that do not require fire sprinkler heads when installing a residential fire sprinkler system.

Bathrooms that are less than 55 ft2, closets and pantries that are no greater than 24 ft2 where the least dimension does not exceed 3 ft and the ceiling construction is of limited or noncombustible materials, garages, open attached porches, carports, attics, equipment rooms, and concealed spaces (Ch. 7 Review)

Which category of stationary fire pumps was removed from NFPA 20 in 1999 and has not returned in subsequent editions?

Booster pumps (pg 123)

What type of evacuation signal should be sounding throughout the building?

A three-pulse temporal activation signal (Ch. 3 Review)

What type of signal should sound when a fire alarm system has a problem with power or system integrity?

A trouble signal (Ch. 3 Review)

List and describe the different types of standpipe systems.

A wet standpipe has an automatic and dedicated water supply, so the water is in the pipes at all times and is ready for immediate use by fire fighters. An automatic dry standpipe is a system of piping typically filled with pressurized air. Upon the opening of a hose valve, the air pressure drops to a level that permits a device, such as a dry pipe valve, to activate and allow the water to flow into the piping network. A semiautomatic standpipe is a system in which the piping network is filled with pressurized or atmospheric air. Upon activation of an initiating device that is located near the hose valve, a deluge or dry pipe valve operates, allowing water to flow into the piping network. A manual standpipe is a system in which the water in the piping network is typically supplied by a domestic source that is incapable of providing the required system pressure and flow demand, but maintains water to the system to improve performance. A manual dry standpipe is a system that has no water source and requires connection to a water source in order for water to flow through the piping network. (Ch. 6 Review)

Explain the importance of interfacing a building fire alarm system with other building systems.

By interfacing with other building, control, and suppression systems, this arrangement can provide overall management of a building during a fire emergency by providing manual and automatic system command and monitoring capabilities. (Ch. 4 Review)

How can a person confirm that the post indicator valve to the building fire sprinkler system is open?

By looking at the valve window that shows the word "OPEN" or "SHUT" By removing the valve handle, operating the valve, and observing the water discharge out of the main drain (Ch. 5 Review)

How can a person confirm that a gate-type street valve is fully or partially opened or closed?

By using a street key to turn the valve and observe the effect on the amount of flow from the fire hydrant (Ch. 5 Review)

What is the purpose of calculating fire flow for a particular location? Should reductions in the calculated fire flow be permissible if a partial or full fire sprinkler system protects a structure?

Calculating the needed fire flow provides an estimate of the number of gallons needed to fight a fire (manually) at a particular location. Once the number is determined, the water purveyor analyzes the water system to determine if the system is capable of meeting the needed fire flow or requires infrastructure improvements. Full reductions are not practical since fire sprinkler systems are designed to control fires, not necessarily extinguish them. If the fire is not out upon arrival of the fire department, then additional water would be necessary to fight the remaining fire. In addition, the fire sprinkler system could fail to deliver any water before the fire department arrives. Partial reductions are more practical since properly designed, installed, and maintained systems will, in most instances, not only control but extinguish the fire. (Ch. 5 Review)

Which extinguishing agent is effective on Class B and C fires, but has limited use on Class A fires?

Carbon dioxide (pg 288)

Which system establishes a high level of service to ensure timely, efficient, and appropriate handling of any issue related to a fire protection system at a protected property?

Central station service fire alarm system (pg 80)

Which of the two types of stationary fire pumps creates pressure by drawing water into the center of a precision manufactured disk-shaped piece of metal called an impeller?

Centrifugal type (pg 123)

What are the limitations of smoke detectors?

Certain types of smoke detectors can only cover a certain area reliably and must have a level of sensitivity and operate within a range that is appropriate for the environment where installed. (Ch. 3 Review)

________ are used to prevent water from flowing out of the fire protection system back into the water supply system.

Check valves (pg 112)

Name and describe the different types of valves used to control the water flow in a water supply network.

Check valves permit water to flow in one direction by use of an internal hinged disk or plate called a clapper. When the source water pressure is greater on the supply side, the clapper opens; when the pressure equalizes, the clapper shuts. However, check valves offer little protection against water supply contamination. Backflow prevention devices operate in a similar manner as the check valve but in many cases have two independent check valves that prevent backsiphonage or backflow. Some even have the ability to dump the water out of the backflow device so there is no possibility of a backsiphonage or backflow condition occurring. (Ch. 5 Review)

Which of the following classes of fire involves ordinary combustibles such as cloth, grain, paper, rubber, and wood?

Class A (pg 286)

Differentiate the classifications of fire and give a practical example of each.

Class A fire involves ordinary combustibles such as cloth, grain, paper, some plastics, rubber, and wood. Class B fire involves flammable and combustible liquids and gases such as gasoline, diesel fuel, and propane. Class C fire involves energized electrical equipment such as an electrical panel, transformer, or an electric-powered home appliance. Class D fire involves combustible metals such as aluminum, calcium, lithium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, and titanium. Class K fire involves cooking appliances using combustible vegetable or animal oils and fats. (Ch. 1 Review)

Some of the classes of fire extinguishers have numbers in addition to their letter classification. Which of the following classes has a number before its letter?

Class B (pg 290)

Which classification of fire extinguishers involves energized electrical equipment?

Class C (pg 286)

Which class of fire involves combustible metals and dusts that are generally extinguished using a dry powder extinguishing agent?

Class D (pg 15)

Which of the following is a class of fire upon which clean agents are not effective?

Class D (pg 272)

When determining total standpipe system demand, how many gallons per minute are required for each additional standpipe riser in the system?

Class I and III = 250 gpm Class II = There is no additional requirement. (Ch. 6 Review)

What are the minimum flow rates required for a Class I, II, or III standpipe system at the hydraulically most remote hose connection?

Class I and III = 500 gpm Class II = 100 gpm Other conditions may require a high gpm output. (Ch. 6 Review)

Which of the standpipe classifications provides occupants a hose rack with a preconnected hose and nozzle with a lower supplied water pressure?

Class II (pg 150)

Which standpipe classification combines two of the different classes and can be used by occupants and fire fighters or fire brigade members?

Class III (pg 151)

Which classification of fire is most unlikely to occur at this facility?

Class K (Ch. 1 Review)

Which type of fire involves cooking appliances using combustible vegetable or animal oils and fats?

Class K (pg 15)

What impairment remains the leading cause of fire sprinkler system failure?

Closed control valve (Ch. 7 Review)

Depending on the system design, notification appliances may communicate additional information and may generate a predetermined number of visual or audible patterns for a specific duration. Which type of signal is this?

Coded signal (pg 61)

Describe the type of hazard that wet chemical extinguishing systems protect.

Commercial cooking appliance fires (Ch. 9 Review)

Which of the following is the least desirable access method as it may cause fire fighters to lose valuable time?

Access codes and access cards (pg 330)

What does it mean for an agency to adopt a code?

Adopting a code is the process of officially accepting the code and putting it into action. (Ch. 2 Review)

What is considered to be the main component of the aerosol extinguishing system?

Aerosol generator (pg 275)

Which of the following components are used to store wet or dry chemical agents, and are made of metals that will not react with the agent?

Agent storage containers (pg 250)

What test is NOT accomplished on a deluge or wet sprinkler system?

Air test (pg 211)

Which of the following can control smoke across openings when the pressure differential strategy is not practical?

Airflow velocity (pg 308)

What types of signal indications should be showing on the annunciation panel?

Alarm and supervisory (Ch. 3 Review)

What operates when the pressure setting either rises above or drops below a pre-set pressure threshold?

Alarm pressure switch (pg 60)

If the tank farm also stored ethanol and methanol, what foam product would be most appropriate to protect the facility?

Alcohol resistant aqueous film-forming foam (AR-AFFF) (Ch. 8 Review)

How do thresholds affect the requirements to install automatic fire sprinkler systems?

Although a use and occupancy condition could state a general requirement for sprinklers, a threshold or exception establishes the specific requirement. (Ch. 7 Review)

What is a sprinkler identification number (SIN) and what purpose does it serve?

An alphanumeric identifier unique to each sprinkler head that distinguishes the operating characteristics of the head from any other head (Ch. 7 Review)

Describe an emergency building entrance system, its purpose, and the contents typically found inside an emergency building entrance system.

An emergency building entrance system is a safe-like security box anchored in or to the wall at the main entrance or other entrance of a building. This makes it so that emergency personnel can gain entry to a building without having to knock down the door or break a window. The security box holds building entry keys; pass cards; codes; FOBS; and keys for fire alarm panels, manual stations, locks on fire sprinkler system control valves, elevators, fan control, smoke control, and the emergency generator. In some instances, important documentation relating to the building is stored in the box as well. (Ch. 13 Review)

____________ sample air as it moves through the air distribution ductwork. If smoke is detected, it can shut down the unit and close any smoke dampers.

Duct smoke detectors (pg 55)

What occupancies require installation of emergency voice alarm communication systems?

EVAC systems are primarily installed in high-rise buildings, buildings with large occupant loads, and special amusement buildings. (Ch. 4 Review)

__________ are used to send a supervisory signal to the fire alarm panel alerting it that a control valve has been altered, which could render the system inoperable.

Electronic valve supervisory devices (pg 68)

Which of the following terms used by NFPA 5000 has the same meaning as the term electromagnetically locked egress doors, which is used in the International Building Code®?

Electronically controlled doors (pg 326)

Prior to conducting a discharge test for halon and clean agent extinguishing systems, what must be accomplished in order to determine the amount of leakage from the protected area?

Enclosure integrity test (pg 276)

Which of the following components of the means of egress is the portion that leads to the exit?

Exit access (pg 319)

Which fire sprinkler head uses a deflector designed to discharge water over a greater area than a standard sprinkler head?

Extended-coverage sprinkler head (pg 183)

What factors and conditions associated with the use and occupancy of a building determine the requirements to install manual fire alarm and detection systems?

Factors and conditions that determine whether to install manual fire alarm and detection systems include use-group, occupancy, number of occupants, building height, level of exit discharge, special use and occupancy conditions, and manufacturing and use of products. (Ch. 4 Review)

What problems are created when a fire alarm system experiences false alarms?

False alarms remove resources from service and can delay response to a legitimate fire. Repeated false alarms can change human behavior when people stop responding to alarms because they do not think the alarms are legitimate. (Ch. 4 Review)

When determining the water supply demand for a water-based fire protection system at a particular location, what role does the fuel load play?

Fuel load determines the amount of water that is necessary to control a fire at a particular hazard. The water supply is one of the most critical factors when designing a water-based fire protection system. The greater the fuel load, the greater the water supply demand. The water supply must have adequate pressure, flow, and duration for the intended hazard, and any deficiency will result in a system that may not perform as needed. Many water supplies are inadequate for the fuel load, and without a supplemental water supply, a fire could quickly overwhelm the fire protection system. (Ch. 5 Review)

Which heat detector operates when a sensing element within the detector reaches a predetermined temperature?

Fixed-temperature heat detector (pg 48)

Describe the types of hazards that dry chemical extinguishing systems protect.

Flammable and combustible liquid fires (Ch. 9 Review)

In this transition stage, the temperature in a room or space reaches a point at which all of the surfaces of the room or space simultaneously ignite, immediately leading to full room involvement.

Flashover stage (pg 10)

Once the standpipe system is ready for service, which of the following is conducted to ensure that the required flow and pressure are available?

Flow tests (pg 162)

What needs to be done before a standpipe system is connected to any water source and should continue until the water flow is clear?

Flushing (pg 162)

Which of the following extinguishing agents forms a vapor barrier between the Class B fuel and the atmosphere, thus cooling and smothering the fire?

Foam (pg 288)

What are the differences between foam, foam solution, and foam concentrate?

Foam is a mixture of foam concentrate, water, and a gas, typically air, that when combined in the correct proportions, produces air-filled bubbles to smother, isolate, and cool two-dimensional flammable and combustible liquid fires or fills an area to create a barrier. Foam concentrate is a condensed form of the foam product, and a foam solution is the result of mixing foam concentrate and water in the correct proportions. (Ch. 8 Review)

Which of the following foam generating apparatus mount on the side of fuel storage tanks and apply foam on the top of the fuel inside the tank?

Foam maker chambers (pg 225)

At which stage will a fire survive by consuming the air and materials necessary to generate the flammable gas and sustain combustion?

Free burning stage (pg 9)

Installation of which type of fire department connection overcomes topography and distance from the hydrant problems?

Freestanding (Ch. 6 Review)

How does friction loss affect a water supply and what are some ways to overcome it?

Friction loss is a loss of hydraulic energy due to the resistance of the interior walls of the pipe and components that reduce the water pressure in the system. Typically, the water supply loses pressure as the water moves away from the source, and pressure levels at the farthest delivery points could be very low or nonexistent if the system design is inadequate. To overcome friction loss, engineers use large transmission and distribution mains, minimize the number of changes in directions water must flow, install pumps, and use materials that allow water to flow with less friction. (Ch. 5 Review)

What is friction loss and how does it affect the design of an automatic fire sprinkler system?

Friction loss is a progressive pressure drop when the flowing water makes contact with the piping and components in the water system. Pressure loss due to friction causes the designer to make changes to the design to compensate for the pressure loss. (Ch. 7 Review)

Why should heat detectors not be used in place of smoke detectors?

Heat detectors can be slower to initiate an alarm than other detectors are, especially smoke detectors. This is because they detect fires via the heat generated by the fire and not the smoke that forms before sufficient heat buildup. (Ch. 3 Review)

Which element of a fire sprinkler head is attached to the frame of the sprinkler head and holds the orifice cap in place until it is released at the critical activation temperature?

Heat-sensitive element (pg 177)

What type of material is generally the best for heat transfer through conduction, because it absorbs and transmits heat rapidly and evenly?

Heavy, dense material (pg 11)

In-building emergency voice/alarm communication systems (EVACS) are an integral part of which type of building (because this type of building presents rescue challenges for fire personnel)?

High-rise building (pg 83)

__________ fire alarm systems utilize a fire control panel to provide an interface between system devices; primary and backup power for the devices; alarm functions; and monitoring capabilities to ensure system integrity.

Household (pg 79)

What may result from component failure, environmental conditions, damage, carelessness, or insufficient inspection, testing, or maintenance?

Impairments (pg 234)

If a fire were to start at this facility, which methods of heat transfer are most likely to spread the fire?

Convection and radiant (Ch. 1 Review)

Compare and contrast the characteristics of conventional fire alarm control panels and addressable/intelligent/multiplex technology fire alarm control panels.

Conventional panels typically provide general information concerning the originating device and the location of the device. Addressable technology panels provide specific information concerning device identification, location, and type of alarm; constant monitoring of system and device status; control features to operate other associated systems; and data-recording capabilities so events can be played back and reviewed at a later time. (Ch. 3 Review)

When having new construction done in an existing building, what must be followed in the area of the building where the construction is taking place?

Current code requirements (pg 32)

Visible appliances produce the flashing lights that can be seen when a fire alarm system activates. They are used primarily for people with which type of disability?

Deaf (pg 64)

Name the various inspections and tests required when installing an automatic fire sprinkler system.

Depending on the system, one or more of the following could be required: line flush, hydrostatic pressure test, visual inspection, 24-hour air test, trip test, operational test, main drain test, and final inspection. (Ch. 7 Review)

Discuss the different fire detector classification.

Detectors are classified by the component of a fire signature they detect: heat, smoke, flame, or gas.9. Why should heat detectors not be used in place of smoke detectors? (Ch. 3 Review)

Why do some insurance companies prefer a diesel driver to an electric driver?

Diesel drivers are considered more reliable because they are self-contained units that have batteries to start the motor and a fuel supply. (Ch. 5 Review)

List the types of fire and explain each.

Diffusion flame fire is usually the result of a combustible gas emitted by a burning material that mixes with the oxygen in the air surrounding the material. The gas, fuel, and oxygen move into the reaction zone of the flame from opposite sides and, once consumed, the fuel and oxygen combustion products spread out or "diffuse" from the flame. Smoldering is burning in which sufficient air flows over the surface area of the material, providing enough oxygen to sustain the slow combustion process although there is no flame. Spontaneous combustion or self-heating results when certain materials undergo oxidation in an environment that limits heat dissipation, causing the heat to remain in the area and increase the temperature to promote the reaction. Premixed flame is a process in which the fuel and oxygen mix before ignition or combustion occurs. (Ch. 1 Review)

Of the different piping used to make up a supply network, which type of piping supplies a number of smaller areas within the system?

Distribution mains (pg 105)

Which of the following is NOT part of the water supply system source/supply network?

Distribution pumps (pg 104)

How often should the owner or a representative visually inspect the extinguishing system for conditions that could cause failure of, or inhibit, operation?

Monthly (pg 259)

Which system involves a number of interconnected smoke alarm units that all sound together throughout a facility as soon as one is activated?

Multiple station (pg 78)

What is the National Fire Protection Association standard for portable fire extinguishers?

NFPA 10 (pg 285)

What standard was most likely used to design and install the fire sprinkler systems in the building?

NFPA 13 (Ch. 7 Review)

Besides NFPA 25, what standards provide information concerning the inspections, testing, and maintenance of specialized water-based fire protection systems?

NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems (Ch. 8 Review)

The basis of ______ is for installation of sprinkler systems in low-rise residential occupancies.

NFPA 13R (pg 202)

Which NFPA standard establishes the basis for standpipe design, installation, use, water supply, and outlet size requirements?

NFPA 14 (pg 150)

What NFPA standard establishes the design and installation requirements for standpipe systems?

NFPA 14, Standard for the Installation of Standpipes and Hose Systems (Ch. 6 Review)

Which NFPA standard covers the design and installation of foam-water sprinkler and foam-water spray systems?

NFPA 16 (pg 227)

Name the standard that applies to dry chemical systems.

NFPA 17, Standard for Dry Chemical Extinguishing Systems (Ch. 9 Review)

Name the standard that applies to wet chemical systems.

NFPA 17A, Standard for Wet Chemical Extinguishing Systems (Ch. 9 Review)

_______ does NOT reference NFPA 14 for the design and installation requirements for standpipe systems.

NFPA 472 (pg 159)

Which NFPA standard, titled National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code, lists system classifications for fire alarm systems?

NFPA 72 (pg 77)

Was it appropriate to adapt the existing dry chemical extinguishing system to protect the new spray booth?

No, a design professional will need to evaluate the hazard and current system to determine the level of protection needed for each booth. (Ch. 9 Review)

In this situation, if electrically controlled/electromagnetically locked egress components substituted for access-controlled egress components, would the lack of any fire protection system make this a noncompliant system?

No; the codes do not require a fire alarm, fire detection, or fire sprinkler system when a person can make physical contact with the door hardware to unlock the door. (Ch. 13 Review)

Does the lack of any fire protection system make this a noncompliant installation?

No; the codes state that the access control system has to be connected and release upon activation only if there is a fire alarm, fire detection, or fire sprinkler system. (Ch. 13 Review)

Which components of a water spray fixed system are very important and available in automatic or open configurations?

Nozzles (pg 228)

What are the first factors evaluated when designing an automatic fire sprinkler system?

Occupancy; commodity; storage arrangement; water supply; and use of plastics, elastomers, rubber, and rolled paper storage (Ch. 7 Review)

Why did the elevators fail to come to the floor when the call button was pushed?

Once an alarm activates, the elevators travel to the first floor or, if the alarm originates on the first floor, to an alternative floor so fire fighters can use them to investigate the alarm. (Ch. 4 Review)

Which of the following is the correct mixture for Halon 1211?

One part carbon, two parts fluorine, one part chlorine, one part bromine (pg 269)

Briefly explain the activation and operational sequence for wet and dry chemical extinguishing systems.

Operation of a wet or dry chemical system can be automatic or manual. For automatic activation, a fire must build to such a level that it activates an automatic sensing device such as a fusible link or heat detector located near or within the protected area. For manual activation, a person must make physical contact with the releasing device, such as a manual station, to start the extinguishing sequence. Once the control panel receives the signal from an automatic sensing device or manual activation device, a mechanical or electronic release starts a simultaneous operational sequence: the agent flows, control of the associated utilities takes place, and an alarm sounds. (Ch. 9 Review)

Discuss the purpose of performing operational, discharge, and functional inspections and tests on water-based fire protection systems.

Operational, discharge, and functional tests verify the system is capable of performing as designed and will operate when needed. Water-based fire protection systems are just like any other mechanical equipment; they break, wear out, leak, are subject to different environments, and need exercise. Without performing the inspections and tests, there is no understanding of the operational readiness of the system. (Ch. 8 Review)

Which type of indicating valve has a stem that rises and falls as the control wheel is turned, and when the threads are fully extended, the valve is open?

Outside screw and yoke valve (pg 111)

Explain the term oxidation.

Oxidation is the process of combining a substance or material with oxygen. (Ch. 1 Review)

Which of the following is NOT a pressurized gas used as a transport medium for dry chemical extinguishing agents?

Oxygen (pg 247)

Which method would best extinguish a fire that started in the metal fabrication area of the facility?

Oxygen reaction (Ch. 1 Review)

Which of the following are considered to be typical impairments of a specialized water-based fire protection system?

Painted sprinkler heads (pg 235)

Which of the following fire sprinkler system components provide a conduit for the water to flow from the water source to the fire sprinkler heads?

Pipes and fittings (pg 173)

Which of the following are used when fire system designers discover that the existing fire alarm control panels do not have the power capacity to support all of the additional notification devices?

Power expander panels (pg 67)

How are the capabilities of pre-engineered extinguishing systems determined?

Pre-engineered systems are guided by factory and laboratory testing to determine the installation limitations for the protected hazard where the amount of suppression agent, pipe sizes, pipe lengths, number of fittings, nozzles types, flows rates, and nozzle pressures are predetermined. (Ch. 9 Review)

What type of fixed dry chemical extinguishing system would be appropriate to protect the new spray booth?

Pre-engineered/total flooding (Ch. 9 Review)

What type of initiation device most likely activated the alarm system?

Pressure switch (Ch. 3 Review)

What measurable characteristics of a water supply must be deemed sufficient before a fire protection system can adequately protect a hazard?

Pressure, flow, and duration (Ch. 5 Review)

Under what conditions is it appropriate to use private mode notification?

Private mode notification is appropriate for occupancies where the occupants are not physically or mentally capable of responding, or where their movement within a building is restricted. These include nursing homes, hospitals, prisons, and jails. In this arrangement, trained individuals receive the signal at a location within the facility then respond and implement emergency procedures to better manage the situation and avoid unnecessary movement of occupants. (Ch. 3 Review)

_____________ are located on streets in the community and can be operated by the public to initiate an alarm.

Publicly accessible alarm boxes (pg 82)

Which type of fire extinguisher requires manual operation, creating the necessary pressure in the tank to expel the extinguishing agent?

Pump extinguisher (pg 291)

Which type of heat detector uses pneumatic or electronic methods to monitor how much temperature change takes place over a fixed amount of time?

Rate-of-rise heat detector (pg 49)

Which smoke control method creates holding areas for persons who are unable to exit a building without assistance in an emergency?

Refuge area pressurization (pg 307)

Which system is set up to report alarm, trouble, and supervisory signals generated by protected premises systems to a location distant from the protected facility for property protection purposes?

Remote supervising station fire alarm system (pg 80)

What are the differences between commercial application fire sprinkler heads and residential fire sprinkler heads?

Residential heads have a thinner heat-sensitive element than standard response sprinkler heads so that the thinner materials can absorb heat much more rapidly, leading to quicker activation and water application. The deflector on a residential head generates a high-on-the-wall discharge pattern to ensure response to fires for drapes, curtains, or other hanging decorations. In addition, residential sprinkler heads do not flow large amounts of water and can operate at lower pressures. (Ch. 7 Review)

What type of pressure was observed when the hydrant was opened and water flowed from the hydrant?

Residual pressure (Ch. 5 Review)

Which term refers to the pressure exerted on a water supply system when water is flowing?

Residual pressure (pg 121)

What may be installed by property owners, tenants, and managers in order to restrict access to the property, and may be a heavy motorized device?

Security gate (pg 328)

What possible type(s) of standpipe systems could be installed in the parking garage?

Semiautomatic, manual dry, and automatic dry standpipes (Ch. 6 Review)

Fuel dispensers at service stations are equipped with signs that include instructions and safety warnings. Use the fire tetrahedron to explain the reasons for these warnings.

Service stations offer an environment where the elements of the fire tetrahedron can easily come together to start a fire. The purpose of these signs is to state specific warnings in an effort to reduce the possibility of the introduction of a heat source that could cause a chain reaction to sustain a fire. By not smoking, turning off the motor, not using a cell phone, and discharging static electricity, some of the likely heat sources are no longer available to ignite the fuel. (Ch. 1 Review)

Which of the following systems is NOT preferred, because problems with ground faults and short circuits may send false alarms or prevent transmission to the municipal center?

Shunt auxiliary fire alarm system (pg 82)

When a fire begins to subside to the point at which the available fuel is exhausted or the oxygen level drops below 16 percent, it has reached which stage of fire?

Smoldering/decay stage (pg 10)

Does it matter if the elevator lobby area door on the sixth floor does not close?

It does matter because the elevator lobby will not be a protected enclosure and will not provide an area of refuge. (Ch. 12 Review)

What is a density/area curve? How would the system designer use the density/area curve when designing an automatic fire sprinkler system?

It is a graph that establishes the relationship between the required amount of water flow from a sprinkler head (density) and the area that must be covered by the water for different hazard classifications. The designer would determine the hazard level, find the curve that represents the hazard, then choose the point on the curve that will work best for the design. (Ch. 7 Review)

Why is it important to perform periodic water flow testing on a water-based fire protection system after the system's installation?

It is important to perform testing to ensure the adequacy of the water available to supply the system demand, and to ensure the valves that supply the water to the system are open. (Ch. 5 Review)

In this particular situation, is it acceptable to mix the three different manufacturers' foam concentrates in the same tank?

It is likely the foam concentrate from Manufacturer A and Manufacturer B can be mixed, but it is unlikely Manufacturer C's foam concentrate is compatible. (Ch. 8 Review)

Should a manual fire alarm box be able to initiate an alarm that activates the smoke control system?

It is not prohibited, but if a manual fire alarm box is activated on a different floor or area of the building, it could cause confusion regarding the actual location of the fire. (Ch. 12 Review)

Why was the alarm barely audible or not heard at all on the 7th, 10th, and 14th floors of the building?

It is typical for the alarm in a modern high-rise building to only sound on the floor of origin, the floor above origin, and the floor below origin. (Ch. 4 Review)

What access system is used as a backup to the siren sensor if it fails to detect the siren?

Key switch (pg 330)

What concerns do you have with the lack of an inspection report or other documentation for the adapted dry chemical extinguishing system?

Lack of an inspection report or other supporting documentation could be an indication the system was not subjected to an acceptance test. (Ch. 9 Review)

Which of the following spaces has no physical barriers to restrict smoke movement, causing smoke and toxic gases to rise and spread throughout the open space?

Large volume spaces (pg 308)

What does NOT factor into requirements for automatic smoke detection in assembly or business occupancies?

Level of exit discharge (pg 89)

What are the three major differences between the NFPA 13 system and the residential fire sprinkler systems that change the overall protection goals?

Life safety by reducing the system water supply requirements, creating a special type of sprinkler head, and placing the fire sprinkler heads in the locations where a fire is most likely to start, but not everywhere (Ch. 7 Review)

Under the NFPA's commonly used color coding system, which color is used for a hydrant that provides 1500 gallons per minute or greater?

Light blue (pg 118)

The fire sprinkler systems in the building were most likely designed based on what occupancy/hazard classifications?

Light hazard and ordinary hazard group I (Ch. 7 Review)

What is the purpose in limiting the travel distance in the exit access to an exit?

Limiting the travel distance in the exit access minimizes a person's exposure to a fire condition before reaching an exit. (Ch. 13 Review)

Which system protects a specific area, piece of equipment, process, or operation depending on the hazard?

Local application system (pg 254)

Which delivery system is the best for delivery of Halon 1211, since the agent expands as a mixture of liquid droplets and vapor upon discharge?

Local application system (pg 271)

What are the expansion ratios for low-, medium-, and high-expansion foams?

Low = 2:1 to 20:1 Medium = 20:1 to 200:1 High = 200:1 to 1000:1 (Ch. 8 Review)

Which test requires a person to look at the system water pressure gauge, record the static pressure, then fully open the main drain valve, allow the water flow to stabilize, and record the residual pressure?

Main drain test (pg 210)

Which of the following standpipe systems has air in it and can be used only by connecting a water source to the fire department connection?

Manual dry standpipe (pg 148)

What initiation device is not recommended for use with smoke control and management systems, and why?

Manual fire alarm boxes are not recommended because there is the potential for malicious activation, and if the fire alarm box is far away from the point of origin, the location could cause confusion regarding the location of the fire. (Ch. 12 Review)

Which of the following activation methods is NOT used to discharge the carbon dioxide extinguishing system?

Manually by a fire alarm communication center (pg 266)

Explain why one of the two smoke control methods is more commonly used in the life safety and fire protection system plan of a high-rise building.

Stairway and floating zone/floor-by-floor pressurization are the most commonly installed types of smoke control, but the floating zone/floor-by-floor method is more difficult to design and costs more. (Ch. 12 Review)

Which carbon dioxide delivery system is primarily installed at industrial facilities for use by trained personnel and the fire department?

Standpipe/mobile supply system (pg 269)

Why are referenced standards so important to the code development process?

The code development community recognizes the necessity to look outside of their organizations in order for the model codes to cover all important and related issues thoroughly. This community therefore references documents published by other nationally recognized organizations that have specific knowledge and expertise to meet the required performance characteristic or design intent. The use of referenced standards ensures utilization and adoption of the best methods, standards, and practices. If all information were included as part of the model code documents, there would be an overwhelming and potentially unmanageable amount of information to review. (Ch. 2 Review)

What concerns do you have with dated inspection tags, tamper indicators, or seals affixed to the system?

Tags, indicators, and seals that are over 6 months old may be an indication the system is not being inspected, tested, or maintained when necessary (Ch. 9 Review)

___________ may be a voice message heard from loud speakers or a symbol flashing on a computer screen.

Textual signals (pg 61)

When a foam concentrate container is labeled 6%, what does that signify?

That for every 100 units of water, 6 units of foam must mix with 94 units of water. (Ch. 8 Review)

Why is it important to have a data plate attached to a fire pump?

The data plate provides all of the critical information concerning the manufacture, type of pump, serial number, approvals, model number, and performance parameters of the fire pump. (Ch. 5 Review)

How does pressure proportioning work?

The pressure proportioner redirects some of the water supply into the foam concentrate tank to either exert pressure on a collapsible bladder or push the concentrate out of the tank to the proportioner for mixing. (Ch. 8 Review)

What is the primary function of a fire alarm system?

The primary function of a fire alarm system is occupant notification. (Ch. 3 Review)

What was the primary purpose and the secondary benefit derived during the first 80 or so years of automatic fire sprinkler system design and installation?

The primary purpose is property protection but the secondary benefit is life safety. (Ch. 7 Review)

What is fluidization?

The process of mixing an expellant gas with a dry chemical agent to facilitate distribution of the dry chemical. (Ch. 9 Review)

What is the purpose of a fire pump bypass?

The purpose of a fire pump bypass is to provide a path for water to flow in the event the pump fails to operate (Ch. 5 Review)

What is the purpose of a power expander panel?

The purpose of a power expander panel is to provide an additional power source to the system in support of notification appliances. (Ch. 3 Review)

What is the purpose of adopting building and fire codes?

The purpose of adopting building and fire codes is to provide uniform and consistent standards and guidelines for all parties to maintain public safety in buildings. (Ch. 2 Review)

What are the secondary functions of a fire alarm system?

The secondary functions of a fire alarm system are to provide an interface with other building systems to initiate suppression or other activities that enhance life safety and property protection, and to provide the capability for remote or off-site notification capabilities. (Ch. 3 Review)

Discuss the pros and cons of the ICC and NFPA code development process. Do you feel that each organization has adequate representation from all of the appropriate parties throughout the process and that each arrives at a true consensus? What suggestions would you make to improve each organization's methods?

The student should discuss how each process works, highlighting different types of participation (who can be involved and at what level, and who makes the initial and final decisions concerning code changes). In addition, the student should discuss the role of industry, professional organizations, trade associations, manufacturers, suppliers, code officials, consultants, and government agencies in the process and whether the process is too long or too short. (Ch. 2 Review)

In this situation, if the use and occupancy condition was assembly and delayed egress lock components were installed on the main entrance/exit doors, would this installation be code compliant?

The system is noncompliant if the adopted model code is NFPA 5000 because NFPA 5000 does not permit delayed egress components on the main entrance/exit doors in assembly use and occupancies. The system is noncompliant if the adopted model code is the IBC® because the IBC® does not permit this type of hardware in assembly use and occupancies. (Ch. 13 Review)

What is the most probable reason the old part of the building was not required to have an automatic fire sprinkler system installed when it was built?

The system was not required by code. (Ch. 2 Review)

Upon looking at a sprinkler head, how can the temperature rating be determined?

The temperature is stamped on the head. The sprinkler head frame is painted a certain color by the factory to represent the temperature rating. If the head uses a glass bulb to activate, the color of the liquid represents the temperature rating. (Ch. 7 Review)

What evacuation signal is a fire alarm system required to sound?

The three-pulse temporal pattern (Ch. 3 Review)

What are the two types of fire pumps listed and approved for fire service duty? How do they differ?

The two types of pumps listed and approved for fire service duty are centrifugal and positive displacement pumps. The centrifugal pump creates pressure by drawing water into the center of the impeller. The physical characteristics of the impeller and the speed at which the impeller turns determine the flow and pressure. By contrast, the positive displacement pump operates at a specific speed to deliver a predetermined pressure and constant rate of flow. (Ch. 5 Review)

What is the most important factor when determining the installation requirements for a fire protection system in a structure?

The use/occupancy conditions of the structure are the most important factor when determining installation requirements for a fire protection system in a structure. (Ch. 2 Review)

List and explain the various types of inspections and tests performed when accepting and maintaining wet and dry chemical extinguishing systems.

The visual inspection makes sure the components are the correct size, type, and material, and are in the correct location and orientation. The discharge and acceptance tests ensure that the wet and dry chemical systems discharge the appropriate amount of agent from the system nozzles and that all of the associated equipment operates properly. (Ch. 9 Review)

Why is it so important to have an accurate water flow test when designing a water-based fire protection system?

The water flow test provides the system designer with information concerning the pressure, flow, and duration of the water supply that is available for the hazard. Since the hydraulic calculations for the system design are based on the water flow test data, an inaccurate test could result in undersized or oversized piping, fittings, fire mains, and fire pumps; and a system that probably will not protect the hazard. (Ch. 5 Review)

When a foam concentrate container is labeled 1% or 3%, what does that signify?

This means the foam is usable on different hazards where one hazard only requires a 1% mixture, whereas the other requires 3%. (Ch. 8 Review)

What is the one critical factor that determines a person's survivability and safety when exiting a building, as well as the ability of emergency responders to take action?

Time (Ch. 13 Review)

When designing a residential fire sprinkler system, what are the design goals?

To design a system that will allow occupants enough time to escape or receive rescue assistance (Ch. 7 Review)

When designing an automatic fire sprinkler system, what is the primary design goal?

To design a system that will protect an established level of hazard to control a fire and provide property protection (Ch. 7 Review)

Which signal sounds when there is a problem with the system's integrity, such as a power or component failure, device removal, communication fault or failure, ground fault, or break in the system wiring?

Trouble signal (pg 42)

What system permits first responders and, in some cases, building occupants to communicate between specific locations within the building and the fire control room via an internal communications system?

Two-way emergency communication system (pg 84)

What should the occupants do if the alarms are not heard but the fire trucks can be seen and heard arriving at the building?

Unless occupants feel they are in danger, they should wait for instructions from the fire department. The fire department will provide information and instruction through the emergency voice alarm communications system. (Ch. 4 Review)

Why would fire alarms—but no voice instructions—have been heard on every floor in the much older high-rise buildings where some of the occupants previously resided?

Unlike today's modern high-rise buildings, most—if not all—high-rise buildings built before the mid-1980s only sounded a general alarm throughout the building; emergency voice alarm communication systems were not required when these buildings were constructed. (Ch. 4 Review)

What is the first factor used to determine any fire alarm installation requirements of a building?

Use and occupancy (pg 88)

What is the most probable reason the old part of the building was not required to install an automatic fire sprinkler system when the addition was built?

Use and occupancy did not change (Ch. 2 Review)

What is done to confirm that the design and installation meet the minimum standards and are consistent with the approved plans?

Visual inspection (pg 209)

Which system is a fixed fire protection system that discharges a very fine spray with water droplets that must be 1000 microns or less in size?

Water mist system (pg 230)

Why is it so important to have relief valves on a fire pump?

Water-based fire protection system components are rated for a maximum pressure, so to ensure that the rated pressure of the components is not exceeded, relief valves operate and relieve the excessive water and air pressure buildup associated with the operation of the fire pump.

Explain how wet and dry chemical systems control and extinguish fire.

Wet agents react with the fats and convert into a soapy foam blanket that covers the surface of the burning liquid fuel to smother and cool the liquid. Dry chemical agents cover and smother the burning material. (Ch. 9 Review)

Which of the following hydrant styles always has water in it for immediate use by fire fighters and is controlled by separate valves for each opening?

Wet barrel (pg 115)

Compare and contrast the different types of hydrants.

Wet barrel hydrant—Installed where the temperature is usually above freezing Dry barrel hydrant—Installed where the temperature drops below freezing Wall hydrant—Installed when it is difficult to locate a hydrant sufficiently away from a structure but where exposure to fire and falling debris is minimal Flush hydrant—Installed where barrier protection is not enough and the potential for damage is great Yard hydrant—Installed as part of a water supply system that can be supplied from a remote location and when access to a water supply is difficult (Ch. 5 Review)

Which type of extinguishing system protects commercial kitchen appliances and the associated ductwork, exhaust hoods, filters, and plenum chambers?

Wet chemical extinguishing system (pg 246)

What possible type(s) of standpipe systems could be installed in the high-rise building?

Wet standpipe. Combined standpipe and sprinkler system (Ch. 6 Review)

What types of fire sprinkler systems are most likely installed in this building?

Wet, dry, and preaction systems (Ch. 7 Review)

Is it generally acceptable to mix three different manufacturers' foam concentrates in the same tank?

Yes, as long as the foam concentrate is the same type, has the same mixing ratio, and has been confirmed to be compatible by the manufacturer, they can be mixed. (Ch. 8 Review)

Is there any specific reason why Manufacturer C's Class A 3% foam concentrate should not be mixed with the other foam concentrates?

Yes, this foam concentrate is meant to work on ordinary combustible Class A fires, not on flammable and combustible liquid Class B fires. (Ch. 8 Review)

Is there a problem with the elevator doors staying open when they recall to the first floor?

Yes; because the elevator shaft is pressurized, leaving the doors open could allow too much air to escape, compromising the ability of the system to oppose the smoke and gases. (Ch. 12 Review)

In this situation, if delayed egress locks were substituted for access-controlled egress components, would the lack of any fire protection system make this a noncompliant system?

Yes; delayed egress systems require the building to have an automatic fire detection or automatic fire sprinkler system to deactivate the alarms. (Ch. 13 Review)

A wet or dry chemical system initiates a(n) ______ upon activation.

alarm signal (pg 253)

All inspections, tests, and certification of new public and private water lines, including visual inspection of materials and securing methods; hydrostatic testing; line testing; and disinfection, are usually handled by the:

approving authority. (pg 107)

According to NFPA 11, Standard for Low-, Medium-, and High-Expansion Foam, _____ forms a film barrier on the surface of a flammable liquid.

aqueous film-forming foam (pg 223)

Wet chemical extinguishing agents use water-based solutions mixed with any of the following agents or additives, EXCEPT:

aqueous film-forming foam. (pg 246)

Data compiled by the NFPA between 2007 and 2011 revealed that certain occupancies equipped with ________ had an average fire loss that was between 31 and 76 percent less than properties without these systems.

automatic fire sprinkler systems (pg 32)

When conducting discharge and acceptance tests, _______ are attached to the nozzles to capture the agent when discharged.

balloons (pg 255)

Interior exit stairway doors must be able to open on _______ without any special knowledge, effort, or key.

both sides (pg 321)

After the carbon dioxide extinguishing system has discharged, ______ remains in the environment after the carbon dioxide liquid has converted to a gaseous state and the fog created has dissipated, maintaining a non-ignitable environment.

carbon dioxide gas (pg 265)

The main purpose of the model code organizations has always been to ___________ building, fire, mechanical, plumbing, electrical, and other related code, standards, and recommended practices independent of the influence, affiliation, and pressure exerted by special interest groups.

develop and maintain (pg 22)

The International Code Council and the NFPA devote all of their time and effort to the ______, making it cost effective for governments to adopt the model codes.

development process (pg 29)

A communications system that sends information using Internet protocol technology directly to individuals or groups no matter their location is known as a(n):

distributed recipient mass notification system. (pg 82)

After determining the occupancy and combustibility, the system design must deliver enough water to absorb the energy from the fire and is based on:

energy output. (pg 203)

The _____________ is the portion of the means of egress separated from the other parts of the building or structure by fire-resistant or fire-rated construction to provide a protected path to the exit discharge.

exit (pg 320)

The effect of convection is directly influenced by the size and shape of the:

fire compartment. (pg 11)

NFPA 72 provides extensive information concerning fire alarm and detection systems; it is not a(n) ________ specification or approval guide.

installation (pg 91)

Smoke control and management systems must interconnect with all of the following systems EXCEPT _________ to initiate the appropriate control sequences and response when a fire emergency arises.

intrusion alarm systems (pg 309)

The only purpose of the _______ is to boost and maintain the system pressure above the fire-pump start-pressure setting in order to avoid frequent fire pump operation.

jockey pump (pg 131)

If the standpipe system has an automatic water supply, a _______ should go to the exterior of the building and provide a means to safely remove the system water so it will not be a hazard.

main drain (pg 163)

Activating smoke control by _________ is NOT recommended and is rarely done because of the potential for malicious activation.

manual fire alarm box (pg 310)

The ______ system contains water in the pipe at all times; the water is typically supplied from the building's domestic water system—not from a dedicated fire service line.

manual wet standpipe (pg 148)

Fire fighters sometimes intentionally set controlled fires to remove fuel ahead of a hostile, uncontrolled fire. This is known as:

removing or interrupting the fuel supply. (pg 13)

The use of a sensor to detect an emergency vehicle's _________ is one of the most commonly used detection and access systems.

siren (pg 329)

List and describe the terms used to identify fire sprinkler heads by their orientation relative to a ceiling or wall.

· Pendent heads—The deflector is oriented toward the floor. · Upright heads—The deflector is oriented toward the ceiling. · Sidewall heads—The deflector is parallel to the floor (horizontal sidewall style) or parallel to the wall (vertical sidewall style). (Ch. 7 Review)

Ammonium phosphate is _________ in order to differentiate it from other dry chemicals.

yellow (pg 248)

What are some of the common myths and facts regarding automatic fire sprinkler system operation and performance?

· All sprinkler heads operate simultaneously. · Sprinkler heads activate for no reason. · The amount of water discharged will cause a flood or drown a person. · It costs more to repair water damage than fire damage. · Smoke detector activation will cause a sprinkler head to operate. The facts are: · Sprinkler heads operate independently and only the sprinkler head(s) in the fire area, not every head in a building, activate to control or suppress the fire. · Sprinkler heads undergo numerous tests by third-party testing and certification organizations such as Underwriters Laboratories and FM Global to ensure that the sprinkler heads maintain stability when standing ready to operate. It is rare that a sprinkler head accidentally activates unless the head has suffered mechanical damage, exposure to freezing conditions, or excessive heat. · Because sprinklers limit the spread of fire and smoke and in many cases extinguish the fire, the exposure to fire damage and smoke damage is limited. A manual hose stream will deliver 10 to 100 times more water than one sprinkler head during a fire event; this water could cause substantially more collateral damage. · The vast majority of smoke detectors operate independently of fire sprinkler systems and although there are smoke detectors that integrate with specialized fire suppression systems, they do not activate the sprinkler head, per se, but send a signal to a panel that releases water into the system. (Ch. 7 Review)

List the code requirements for delayed egress locks.

· Controlled doors must unlock upon activation of the automatic sprinkler or automatic fire detection system. · Controlled doors must unlock upon loss of power to the lock or locking mechanism. · Applying 15 pounds of force to the controlled door for 1 or 3 seconds (depending on the code) starts an irreversible process that must release the door in 15 seconds and sound an alarm at or near the door. (Note: If approved, the door can have a 30-second delay.) · Relocking the door is only by manual means. · A sign must be posted above and within 12 inches of the release device that instructs the occupant to push on the release device until an alarms sound and indicates whether it will open within 15 or 30 seconds. · There must be emergency lights at the door so the occupant can read the sign. · A signal to unlock the doors from a fire command center or a releasing mechanism located at the main entrance of the building is required. (Ch. 13 Review)

List and describe the three components of the means of egress.

· Exit access—Any useable space on any floor of a structure/building that a person uses to move toward the exit access, until that space reaches an exit. · Exit—An area such as an exit stairway or horizontal exit, built to protect people from a fire so they can safely leave the building or structure. · Exit discharge—The area outside of the exit door that the person uses to move away from the building until he or she reaches a street, alley, or other land leading to the street (Ch. 13 Review)

Name the three most widely used NFPA standards that deal with automatic fire sprinkler system design and installation and explain the application for each.

· NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, is primarily for commercial and industrial properties. · NFPA 13D, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in One- and Two-Family Dwellings and Manufactured Homes, is for home sprinkler systems. · NFPA 13R, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in Low-Rise Residential Occupancies, combines elements of NFPA 13 and NFPA 13D to provide a fire sprinkler system that addresses the challenges associated with multi-occupant and multi-dwelling residential facilities. (Ch. 7 Review)

List and describe the three broad categories used to identify fire sprinkler heads.

· Old-style sprinkler head—A head where the water spray pattern developed by the deflector discharges water up and down, with 40% to 60% of the water flows initially downward · Standard spray sprinkler head—A head where all of the water spray pattern discharges down toward the floor, is characterized by a ½-inch orifice, and develops the umbrella or similar water distribution pattern · Specialty sprinkler head—A head with different physical characteristics than a standard spray sprinkler head where the head could have a smaller or larger orifice, a protective coating or special finish, a special frame and/or a deflector with a different and unique design for use with a specific installation or application (Ch. 7 Review)

______ is the basis for the overall performance characteristics of the pump.

(pg 124)

In which standpipe system does water enter the piping only when a valve is opened and the air pressure drops to a particular level?

(pg 147)

If a facility is equipped with an NFPA 13 automatic sprinkler system, what is the maximum flow requirement?

(pg 161)

Low-pressure carbon dioxide extinguishing systems can store ______ of carbon dioxide in one large pressure container.

(pg 267)

Because _______ can stay in the atmosphere for many years and require substantially more agent to protect an area than halon does, product and system manufacturers do not recommend discharge tests.

(pg 277)

________ codes attempt to achieve a balance between the hazards posed by the structure itself; the combustible contents; the floor areas above and below ground level that challenge manual firefighting efforts; and the cost of construction.

(pg 31)

Various use and occupant conditions listed in the International Building Code® and NFPA model codes require the installation of the fire alarm systems to be tied to:

(pg 89)

Discuss three reasons why a specialized water-based fire protection system may be installed.

1)Standard fire sprinkler systems are not appropriate for the conditions and applications.(2) There is a need for a supplemental or different suppression agent.(3) The method of application requires specialized equipment and components. (Ch. 8 Review)

What is the difference between a code and a model code?

A code is a system of rules, regulations, or laws that is usually put into effect by government and has statutory authority to be enforced. By contrast, a model code is a system of rules, guidelines, methods, and regulations developed through the consensus process by private, not-for-profit organizations. (Ch. 2 Review)

Which of the following would be a source of water for a system requiring a pump to generate sufficient suction pressure to draw water into the supply network?

A deep well or reservoir (pg 104)

Why would a jurisdiction amend a model code?

A model code establishes the minimum level of acceptable performance or risk. In some instances, it may not be adequate for the conditions or circumstances affecting a community. (Ch. 2 Review)

Describe the relationship between a model code and a referenced standard.

A model codes tell you what to do and where; a referenced standard tells you how to do it.7. Why would a jurisdiction amend a model code? (Ch. 2 Review)

What is the K-factor and how does it apply to the design process?

A number assigned to represent the discharge coefficient for the orifice of a sprinkler head when calculating the water flow or water pressure at a specific location in the fire sprinkler system (Ch. 7 Review)

What is the most likely cause of the low volume from the fire hydrant?

A partially or nearly closed valve (Ch. 5 Review)

Of the different methods of heat transfer, which is the transfer of heat from one body of material to another by direct contact?

Conduction (pg 11)

Why is it so important to ensure that the fire mains only supply water to fire protection systems and fire hydrants?

Connecting other systems (e.g., domestic water) on the same fire main could deplete the water supply for the fire protection system or hydrant. (Ch. 5 Review)

What are the differences between the containment, exhaust, and opposed airflow methods of smoke control?

Containment uses increased pressure to surround the fire area so the smoke and gas will not escape. Exhaust removes the smoke and gases from the fire area. Opposed airflow uses large amounts of air to move the smoke and gas in a particular direction. (Ch. 12 Review)

Which of the following forms of heat transfer occurs from one body to another through a medium such as a liquid or gas?

Convection (pg 11)

List and explain the differences between the different NFPA classifications for fire alarm systems.

Fire alarm system is the classification given to residential and commercial building (local) fire alarm systems. In the home, there can be single-station, multi-station, combination, and home fire alarm systems. The capabilities range from providing just an audible warning up to providing fire, security, and medical alerts. When dealing with commercial buildings, protected premises systems provide local audible and visual notification of a system problem, a supervisory problem, or a fire emergency, and may interface with other building systems and provide on- and off-site notification. The supervising station fire alarm system is the classification given to a fire alarm system in which signals are transmitted to a remote location where they are received and processed by trained individuals. Included in this category are proprietary supervising fire alarm systems. In these systems, a group of fire alarm systems at one location or multiple locations are under the constant supervision of the property owner's trained personnel, who monitor all of the owner's facilities' fire alarm system signals from a dedicated location. Also, central station service fire alarm systems are fire alarm systems in which all system functions and fire alarm signals automatically transmit to a central station facility that is staffed with trained, qualified, and proficient personnel who take the appropriate action to process, record, and respond to the signals and to maintain the systems being monitored. The remote supervising station fire alarm system transmits either directly to a public safety communications center via approved fire department radio frequencies, to a dedicated one-way (outgoing only) telephone line, or to dedicated communication circuits. If signals are not sent directly to a fire or public safety communications center, they are instead sent to an approved location where trained individuals monitor the signals at all times. The public fire alarm reporting system is the system that transmits alarms through circuits connected to a municipal communications center after an initiating device activates. The initiating device is typically a municipal fire alarm box or street box that is located on a street in the community. One-way emergency communications systems can propagate critical information to an individual, building, complex, and even an entire city by a number of different methods, including but not limited to texts, pages, emails, phone calls, emergency voice alarm communications systems, sirens, speaker arrays, and highway alert message boards. Two-way emergency communications systems permit first responders and, in some cases, building occupants a method of two-way communications within a building. The equipment is located in critical locations throughout the building to enable communication back to the fire command center. (Ch. 4 Review)

Define the terms fire and combustion and explain the difference between them.

Fire is a rapid oxidation process that produces varying degrees of heat, light, and flame. Combustion is a chemical reaction process in which a combustible material and an oxidizing agent produce heat or energy, along with other products that continuously sustain the process. The difference between fire and combustion is that in the combustion process, the released energy stays in the reaction to continue the reaction, whereas fire is a form of combustion that emits energy in the form of heat and light. (Ch. 1 Review)

Which type of lines tap off of distribution lines and directly connect to the water-based fire protection system or hydrant?

Fire mains (pg 106)

Which type of valve is required on the suction side of the fire pump, allowing the pipe to be open to the full diameter of water flow?

Gate valve (pg 131)

What are the three main considerations that determine the required standpipe installation?

Generally, building height and area determine required standpipe installation. More specifically, standpipe installation is determined by fire department accessibility, building use or occupancy, and the ability (or inability) of fire extinguishers to extinguish a fire. (Ch. 6 Review)

Discuss the different water supply systems that provide water to the supply network.

Gravity—A system in which the water source is at a higher elevation than the location it serves, thus eliminating the need for pumps because the water flows at a sufficient pressure Pumped—A system in which the water comes from a source at a lower elevation than the location it serves Combination gravity/pumped—A system that utilizes both gravity and pumps to manage the water supply3 (Ch. 5 Review)

Which system, if it has failed to shut down under fire conditions, will be the strongest contributor to smoke movement?

HVAC system (pg 310)

Under what circumstances should a dry chemical extinguishing system upgrade to a UL 300-compliant wet chemical extinguishing system? Name at least five reasons to require an owner of such equipment to replace the existing system.

If the appliances, location of appliances, and cooking medium change, then the suppression system installed to protect the operation should be upgraded because the agent and installation were not approved for the conditions. In addition, as manufacturers change their product line and the agents and equipment phase out, it will be problematic for the operator to maintain the equipment and suppression agent in compliance with original listing, installation, and approval because the replacements will not be listed or approved for the conditions unless tested as such, which is unlikely due to the cost. (Ch. 9 Review)

What two features that relate to stairway door operation are required in high-rise buildings, and why are they required?

If the doors are locked on the ingress side, provisions to unlock are required. In addition, an in-stair telephone or two-way communication located at every fifth level of a building or structure are required. The purpose of these features is to ensure that a person does not get trapped in the stairway. (Ch. 13 Review)

Where does the initial fire alarm signal sound in a modern high-rise building?

In a modern high-rise building, the initial fire alarm signal sounds on the floor of origin, the floor above the floor of origin, and the floor below the floor of origin. (Ch. 4 Review)

Which of the smoke control methods is best suited for a large volume space such as an atrium, and why?

In large volume spaces, there are no physical barriers so the smoke and gas will rise but possibly stratify if the space is tall enough. This condition makes the exhaust method the best because by supplying clean makeup air from below, the exhaust system can continue to pull the smoke and gas up and out of the structure. (Ch. 12 Review)

Discuss the similarities and differences between specialized water-based fire protection systems and standard fire sprinkler systems.

In many ways, there are few major differences between the four most prominent types of automatic fire sprinkler systems and the specialized water-based systems. All of these systems use water as the primary suppression agent, all must have an automatic water supply, all use the same or similar components, all must automatically activate, and in some instances, all of these systems use the same type of specialized system valve. Differences include some use of specialized spray nozzles instead of fire sprinkler heads, the integration of foam agents with water in certain types of systems, the use of specialized components, and the design and application methods. (Ch. 8 Review)

Explain the purpose and the features of a fire command center.

In the event of an emergency, the command center provides a protected area for first responders to use that brings together all of the important building systems in one location. It includes features such as the fire alarm control panel, fire alarm annunciation panel, emergency voice/alarm communication system, two-way fire communication system, elevator control panel, generator control panel, door lock override switch, air handling/stair pressurization/smoke control status and control panels, telephone, emergency and standby power control panels, emergency building access system, building plans for all systems, and worktable. (Ch. 4 Review)

In which of the following areas might a water mist system be installed?

In underground mass transit systems (pg 231)

From a development perspective, what were the possible benefits gained by installing an automatic fire sprinkler system in the new addition?

Increased building size and height Increased travel distances to exits (Ch. 2 Review)

Of the general design approaches, which one utilizes walls, bulkheads, doors, partitions, draft curtains, high ceilings, and sealed floor openings to create barriers?

Passive design approach (pg 304)

Which type of material produces twice the amount of heat per pound than common combustibles?

Plastic (pg 12)

Discuss the different types of control valves found on private water systems.

Post indicator valve (PIV)—A freestanding post that houses the stem extension of an underground valve control Wall post indicator valve (WPIV)—A valve that mounts on the wall of a building such that the valve stem feeds through the wall and connects to the valve body located inside the building Outside screw and yoke (OS&Y) valve—A valve with a wheel that, when turned, raises or lowers the stem attached to the internal gate that controls the flow of water. If the stem is fully exposed, the valve is open. If no stem is showing, the valve is closed. (Ch. 5 Review)

What are the probable factors that determined the need to install an automatic fire sprinkler system in the new storage area?

Products being store Size of the addition Use and occupancy condition (Ch. 2 Review)

What type of key, with a jurisdiction-specific pattern, is used to open an emergency building entrance system?

Proprietary key (pg 327)

Which system establishes the building/property owner as the responsible party to monitor the fire alarm system signals at his or her facility?

Proprietary supervising alarm system (pg 81)

Which system provides audible and visual notification within the property it is protecting to alert occupants of a fire emergency?

Protected premises fire alarm system (pg 79)

Each year, wildland fires destroy hundreds of homes. Using the modes of heat transfer for guidance, develop a list of strategies to reduce the amount of damage.Answer: Since heat transfer c

Since heat transfer can occur via conduction, convection, or radiation, some strategies to reduce the amount of damage by using heat transfer methods as guidance include: Creating distance between the potential source of heat and fuel Breaking up the fuels and spreading them as widely as possible Pre-wetting or pretreating areas with chemicals that inhibit heat transfer and fire development Using construction materials that reflect heat or are ignition-resistant (Ch. 1 Review)

List and explain the differences between the four types of residential fire alarm systems.

Single station—an individual smoke detector (alarm) that operates independently of other detectors and has an integrated sensing device, power source (plug-in cord and/or battery), and an audible alarm. Multi-station system—a number of smoke alarm units that are interconnected. Upon activation of one unit, all units sound an alarm. Combination system—a system that integrates the fire warning equipment, burglar alarms, medical alert, and other sensing equipment such as a carbon monoxide detector into one system. Household fire alarm system—a system that utilizes a fire control panel to provide interface between system devices, primary and backup power for the devices, alarm functions, and monitoring capabilities to ensure system integrity by sounding a trouble signal if there is an open circuit or ground fault. (Ch. 4 Review)

List and describe all methods used by emergency responders to operate barriers and gates.

Siren sensors, proprietary keys, access cards and access codes, radio frequency sensors, and fire protection system interface (Ch. 13 Review)

What type of detector can be installed in elevator lobbies that interface with elevator control systems to establish recall priorities during fire emergencies?

Smoke (pg 310)

What problem would most likely occur if one stairway had a significantly higher pressure than another stairway?

Smoke and hot gases might be let into the stairway with less pressure and the doors on the other stairway might be difficult to open, delaying a person's ability to enter the stairway (Ch. 12 Review)

Which of the following terms is used to describe a mechanical system that pressurizes areas of a building with fans to limit smoke movement when there is a fire?

Smoke control (pg 303)

Which of the following is NOT a component of a smoke detector?

Smoke generator (pg 78)

Based on the information provided, what type of fire is most unlikely to start at this facility?

Spontaneous combustion (Ch. 1 Review)

This type of fire starts without a known external heat source being applied to the combustible material.

Spontaneous combustion (pg 8)

What role do static and residual water pressures play in the design of a water-based fire protection system?

Static and residual water pressures provide the design professional with part of the information required to determine if the water supply is adequate to meet the demand. Based on this information, the design professional will determine what, if any, measures are necessary to improve the supply. (Ch. 5 Review)

_________ is defined as the pressure exerted on a water supply system when there is no water flowing.

Static pressure (pg 121)

List and describe the different classes of standpipe systems.

The Class I standpipe system is a system capable of supplying the required amounts of water at high pressure for manual firefighting purposes. The Class II standpipe system is a system that uses a small-diameter hose and nozzle attached to the standpipe so that building occupants, fire brigades, or fire fighters can fight small incipient-stage fires. The Class III standpipe system is a system typically equipped with a small-diameter hose and nozzle for trained building occupant use, but that is also capable of supplying the required water pressure and flow to support manual fire department suppression activities. (Ch. 6 Review)

dentify the two most prominent model code organizations that are leading the code development process.

The International Code Council and the National Fire Protection Association (Ch. 2 Review)

Why would a certifying authority request the "Record of Completion" before the actual acceptance test of a fire alarm system?

The Record of Completion holds the contractor responsible that the system installation is verified according to approved plans and will function as required, and that the system was inspected and tested by the contractor prior to the approving authority's acceptance test. (Ch. 4 Review)

Why is it so important to perform fire alarm system acceptance testing and periodic inspections and tests?

The acceptance test certifies that the system was installed as designed and approved, and operates as required. Failing to perform periodic inspections, tests, service, or maintenance of fire alarm systems, devices, or components can lead to unknown operational conditions and failure of the system. (Ch. 4 Review)

What is the air-to-water differential that governs the operation of dry pipe valves?

The air-to-water differential (ratio) principle states that a certain amount of water can be held back by a certain amount of air such as 5:1, where 5 pounds of water pressure requires 1 pound of air to keep the valve closed. The exposed surface area of the clapper valve determines the differential where the air side is larger than the water side. (Ch. 7 Review)

Why is the annunciation panel valuable to the responding fire personnel and building maintenance personnel?

The annunciation panel provides visible and valuable information (Ch. 3 Review)

What do the design density and remote area establish when designing an automatic fire sprinkler system?

The design density establishes that at a minimum, all of the sprinkler heads in the remote area must be able to deliver the stated minimum amount of water for the required amount of time. The remote area establishes the most hydraulically demanding part of the system. (Ch. 7 Review)

What are the design goals behind installing smoke control or management systems?

The design goals behind installing smoke control/management systems are to provide a tenable environment in the areas adjacent to the fire area for building occupants and fire fighters during a fire emergency, and to contain the smoke within its place of origin. (Ch. 12 Review)

What options are available to a fire protection system designer when it is determined that the water pressure is inadequate to support the design?

The designer can install gravity tanks, pressure tanks, or stationary fire pumps. (Ch. 5 Review)

Some smoke and fire doors are held open by magnets or other devices to allow easy movement from one part of a building to another, but upon activation of this function, which of the following happens?

The device holding the door open releases so the door can close to create a smoke or fire barrier. (pg 86)

What are the different elements of the smoke control acceptance test plan and why is it so important to perform annual smoke control system inspection and testing?

The different elements of smoke control acceptance include description of the smoke control systems, the design criteria, how these criteria will be demonstrated and proven, what will constitute successful performance, the step-by-step procedures and the test instrumentation, and the equipment that will be used in the process. Without annual testing, smoke control systems can rapidly fall into a state of disrepair or failed performance, particularly in multi-tenant office buildings during the initial build-out of first-generation tenants. Mechanical systems not only require exercising, but verification that reprogramming of the fire alarm system for new tenant alarm devices did not change the operation of the system, systems were not electrically disconnected due to nuisance operation, there were no failed damper motors, damper linkages were not intentionally disconnected, and no fan motors tripped on thermal overload. (Ch. 12 Review)

Who are the different individuals or organizations that should be present at the acceptance test of a smoke control system, and why?

The different parties that should be present at the acceptance test are the testing agent, engineer of record, approving authority, fire department personal, and the building owner's operating and maintenance personnel. The testing agent and engineer must be present to conduct the test, the approving authority to verify the results, and the fire department and building owner's operating and maintenance personnel to observe how the system operates and functions. (Ch. 12 Review)

What is the probable cause of the fire alarm signal continuing to sound?

The dry pipe sprinkler system pressure switch is holding pressure. (Ch. 3 Review)

What are the factors that contribute to the flashover stage of a fire?

The factors contributing to the flashover stage of a fire include the amount and type of fuel, the size of the room, the available air, and the manner in which heat is transferred within the fire area. (Ch. 1 Review)

__________ is/are considered to be the most important part(s) of any fire alarm system?

The fire alarm control panel (pg 40)

Why is the fire alarm control panel often referred to as the "brain" of the fire alarm system?

The fire alarm control panel is the point of interface between the system components. It monitors the integrity of the system circuits and devices; processes manual and automatic input signals from the initiating devices; drives the notification appliances; provides an interface to control or activate other fire protection and building systems in a fire emergency; and provides the power to support all of the system devices. (Ch. 3 Review)

Which function of a fire alarm system is caused by interfacing fire dampers with the fire alarm system to prevent propagation of smoke, hot gases, and flame?

The fire dampers close. (pg 87)

Compare and contrast the fire triangle and the fire tetrahedron.

The fire triangle depicts the relationship between the three components (fuel, heat, and air) necessary for combustion, whereas the fire tetrahedron depicts the relationship between fuel, heat, air, and the uninhibited, chemical, or self-sustaining chain reaction necessary to sustain combustion. (Ch. 1 Review)

What are the differences between foam-water sprinkler systems and foam-water spray systems?

The foam-water sprinkler systems protect areas of a building or structure and equipment, whereas the foam-water spray system uses directional foam application to protect a specific hazard or piece of equipment within a building or structure. (Ch. 8 Review)

Discuss the events that led to the formation of the International Code Council in the 1990s.

The formation of the European Union and the adoption of the NAFTA treaty placed the three regional model code organizations in jeopardy of losing their competitive advantage. This was due to inconsistencies between the codes that forced manufacturing and construction businesses to deal with three different codes instead of one. (Ch. 2 Review)

Using the fire tetrahedron, describe four methods of fire extinguishment.

The four components of the fire tetrahedron are fuel, heat (energy), air (oxygen), and the chemical or self-sustaining chain reaction. By reducing, interrupting, or eliminating the fuel, less fuel is available to continue the combustion process. By cooling, the reduction in heat (energy) will not permit other available fuels to reach an ignition temperature that is to sustain the combustion process. By reducing the amount of available air (oxygen) below 16%, there is an insufficient amount of air to sustain the combustion process. By disrupting the uninhibited, chemical, or self-sustaining chain reaction, the reaction is unable to sustain the combustion process. (Ch. 1 Review)

Compare and contrast the four pressure differential methods used to control smoke.

The four methods are stairway, floating zone/floor-by-floor, hoistway, and refuge. All methods use the containment method to prevent the smoke and gases from either escaping an area or entering an area. (Ch. 12 Review)

What are the different components of a fire sprinkler head?

The frame, heat-sensitive element, orifice, orifice cap, deflector, and in some cases, escutcheon plate (Ch. 7 Review)

List the code requirements for electrically controlled/electromagnetically locked egress doors.

The hardware installed on the door leaf must have an obvious method of operation to the occupant. · Hardware for occupant release must be affixed to the door leaf (NFPA). · Hardware for occupant release must be operable in all lighting conditions (IBC). · The installed hardware must be operable by one hand. · When the listed hardware is operating, the power to the electromagnetic/electric lock must immediately be interrupted, causing the door to unlock. · The door must unlock if there is a loss of power to the listed hardware. · Where panic or fire exit hardware is required, operation must release the electromagnetic lock (IBC). (Ch. 13 Review)

List the stages of fire development and explain each.

The incipient stage occurs when the heat source, fuel, and oxygen come together to generate more heat than dissipated to promote the uninhibited chain reaction. The free burning stage occurs as fire consumes the surrounding air and materials necessary to generate the flammable gas that sustains the combustion process. The flashover stage occurs when all of the combustible contents in a compartment reach their ignition point and are consumed in flame. The smoldering or decay stage fire begins at the point at which the available fuel is exhausted or the oxygen level drops below 16%. (Ch. 1 Review)

What two changes in the commercial cooking industry prompted Underwriters Laboratories to update "Outline of Investigation, Subject 300" to the UL 300?

The introduction of high-efficiency appliances that heated cooking oils quicker, cooked hotter, and cooled at a slower rate and the introduction of vegetable oils that replaced animal fats (Ch. 9 Review)

What are the different life safety and fire protection systems that interface with smoke control systems?

The life safety and fire protection systems that interface with smoke control systems are fire sprinkler, fire alarm and detection, HVAC, elevators, fire doors, fire dampers, and backup power systems. (Ch. 12 Review)

Why is it important that fire mains are the correct size?

The line size must be large enough to meet the flow demands of the water-based fire protection system. (Ch. 5 Review)

Explain the differences between a local application system and a total flooding system.

The local application system protects exposed hazards that are sufficiently isolated from other exposures where the extinguishing agent discharges directly onto or near the hazard. The total flooding system protects an enclosed area where the agent fills the entire area to achieve extinguishment. (Ch. 9 Review)

Why is it so important to document the location of a duct detector?

The location of the detector must be documented and clearly identified because even if there is no fire or smoke, many duct detectors are very difficult or impossible to see from the floor level. (Ch. 3 Review)

What are the pressure ranges for low-, intermediate-, and high-pressure water mist systems?

The low-pressure systems are less than 175 psi, intermediate-pressure systems are between 175 psi and 500 psi, and high-pressure systems are in excess of 500 psi and in many installations, require pressures over 1000 psi. (Ch. 8 Review)

What are some of the problems associated with discharging wet and dry chemical agents? Are there alternative methods that would satisfy the minimum requirements of NFPA 17 and 17A for accepting new wet and dry chemical extinguishing systems? Should there be a requirement to perform a discharge test every few years?

The main problem is collecting and weighing the agent to prevent the agent from covering everything in sight and determining if the agent was evenly distributed. Many manufacturers do not recommend discharging the wet or dry agent to avoid creating problems with the piping and nozzles that could become clogged. Instead, the manufacturers recommend alternatives, including air or water or other noncorrosive agents plus the use of drying agents after any liquid-based test. The discharge test should be performed every few years to ensure the piping and nozzles are not clogged. (Ch. 9 Review)

What are the major components of a fire pump assembly besides the fire pump?

The major components of a fire pump assembly are the controller, the driver, and in some instances, the transfer switch. (Ch. 5 Review)

What information was stamped or applied to fire sprinkler heads manufactured before 2001?

The manufacturer's name or symbol, model number, type of head, K-factor, year of manufacture, listing or approvals, and temperature rating (Ch. 7 Review)

Are there specific building code requirements for the installation of specialized water-based fire protection systems? If so, what are they? If not, why not?

The model building codes state requirements to install automatic fire sprinkler systems or alternative fire suppression systems, but there is no language specifying a certain type of fire suppression system installation for the hazard. The system must protect the hazard by controlling or extinguishing the fire. Simply stated, the hazard determines the use of a particular type of system. Certain systems are appropriate for some hazards, conditions, and applications, but not other hazards, conditions, and applications. (Ch. 8 Review)

Why is there a need for visual notification appliances?

The need for visual appliances stems from conditions and situations in which people are not able to hear an audible alarm. This inability to hear an audible alarm is due to loud ambient noise levels, hearing loss, and deafness. (Ch. 3 Review)

Explain the differences between noninterlock, single-interlock, and double-interlock preaction systems.

The noninterlock arrangement requires two separate activation events but only if the first event is the fire detector activation; otherwise if a system sprinkler head activates first, the valve trips and water flows out of the activated sprinkler head. The single-interlock arrangement follows the requirement that a detector will release the water into the pipes but needs a sprinkler head to activate to flow water out of a sprinkler head. The double-interlock arrangement requires that both a detector and a sprinkler head activate before any water will flow into the piping and out of the sprinkler head. (Ch. 7 Review)

Why is the opposed air method of control rarely used?

The opposed air method of control requires very complex control and large air volumes in order to work. (Ch. 12 Review)

Why would it be inappropriate to install a water flow switch on a dry pipe sprinkler system?

The paddle of the switch arm could blow off and create a blockage somewhere in the pipe due to the velocity and force of the water rushing through the pipe of a dry, pre-action, or deluge system. (Ch. 3 Review)

Explain the differences between a pipe schedule-designed automatic fire sprinkler system and a hydraulically designed automatic fire sprinkler system.

The pipe schedule system relies on tables that are based on the type of hazard encountered and state how many fire sprinkler heads can be installed on a particular size of pipe. The hydraulically designed system relies on a mathematical method of determining flow and pressure at any point along the sprinkler system piping for determining pipe size throughout the system. (Ch. 7 Review)

Based on all of the maintenance and operational concerns associated with Class II standpipe systems, is there still a need to install Class II standpipe systems?

There are still communities where facilities, organizations, and operations utilize and maintain a Class II standpipe system as their primary manual firefighting equipment. However, in some urban areas where there are paid full-time fire departments and where equipment is readily available and maintained by department personnel, it is unlikely personnel would rely on equipment where the integrity is unknown. Therefore, installation of this type of system should be based on an evaluation of the communities' needs. For example, some urban jurisdictions do require installation of the hose valve and associated piping but do not require installation of the hose. (Ch. 6 Review)

Which of the following is a myth that requires further education in order to dispel the public's opinion of automatic fire sprinkler systems?

They cause more damage than they are worth. (pg 170)

What type of situation does an ultra-high-speed water spray system prevent from occurring?

They prevent deflagration from becoming detonation. (Ch. 8 Review)

The _________ is a mechanical device that is used as an automatic activation device for wet or dry chemical extinguishing systems.

fusible link (pg 252)

A(n) _____ is one of the most important tests performed during the construction phase of the fire sprinkler system installation.

hydrostatic test (pg 208)

In some cases, all of the following documents must be kept on site for fire department use and may be contained in a separate box from the keys, EXCEPT:

occupant rental agreements. (pg 328)

What type of signal should sound when there is a change in the normal ready status of the fire protection system devices connected to the fire alarm system?

supervisory signal (Ch. 3 Review)

List the code requirements for access-controlled egress.

· Secured doors must unlock upon activation of the automatic sprinkler, automatic fire detection, or fire alarm system (if installed in the building), and remain unlocked until fire protection system reset. · Secured doors must unlock by activation of a sensor located on the egress side of the door that detects occupants approaching the door. · Secured doors must unlock upon loss of power to the lock, locking mechanism, or sensor. · Secured doors must unlock by activation of a manual-unlocking device located no less than 40 inches and no more than 48 inches vertically above the floor and within 5 feet of the secured door. · Where there is a manual unlocking device, it must be accessible and clearly identified by a sign that reads "Push to exit." · When a manual unlocking device operates, it must immediately interrupt the power to the lock and remain unlocked for at least 30 seconds. · There must be emergency lighting at the door. (Ch. 13 Review)

What are the four major types of fire sprinkler systems and for what environment is each best suited for installation?

· Wet system—A system with water in the pipes at all time and best used where a minimum temperature of 40°F can be maintained at all times. Example: Office building · Dry system—A system with a gas (usually air) in the pipes in which a minimum temperature of 40°F cannot be maintained at all times. Example: Parking garage · Preaction system—A system that interfaces with fire detection equipment and requires a fire detector to activate and/or an automatic fire sprinkler head to operate to flow water. Example: Computer room · Deluge system—A system equipped with open fire sprinkler heads that simultaneously discharges water from all sprinkler heads. Example: Aircraft hangar (Ch. 7 Review)

The importance of the ________ test cannot be overstated, as a fire alarm system is only as good as its installation.

acceptance (pg 92)

When fire fighters enter a building, the first thing they look for is the _______. This provides valuable information concerning the initiating device, the system involved, and the area of the building where the fire is located.

annunciation panel (pg 65)

A ________ manual fire alarm box is assigned a code that sounds from an audible notification device when a mechanically or electrically driven motor turns a wheel.

coded (pg 45)

Which type of heat detector responds to predetermined air temperatures and is not dependent on rates of temperature change?

(pg 50)

This type of fire requires an appropriate amount of gas fuel and air to mix before ignition or combustion occurs.

(pg 8)

At the time of the origin of the NFPA in 1895, there were_____ different fire sprinkler system design and installation standards within ____miles of Boston, Massachusetts.

9; 100 (pg 25)

Which type of smoke detector is one of the more sophisticated types of smoke detectors and is designed to draw air from the protected area into a detection chamber for analysis?

Air sampling smoke detector (pg 52)

Which type of signal should spur occupants to immediately leave the building, call the fire department, or take other appropriate action to ensure life safety?

Alarm signal (pg 42)

In which stage of the NFPA code development process is a Notice of Intent to Make a Motion filed if someone is not satisfied with the results of the second draft report?

Association Technical Meeting (pg 26)

______ fires involve energized electrical equipment, so the choice of extinguishing agents must be appropriate to minimize potential danger to those involved in fighting the fire.

Class C (pg 14)

Which classification of standpipes is designed for use by fire fighters or fire brigade personnel who are trained to handle heavy fire streams?

Class I (pg 150)

______ are a system of rules, regulations, or laws that are usually put into effect by government and have statutory authority to be enforced.

Codes (pg 22)

Which of the following systems consists of fire warning equipment, burglar alarms, medical alert, and other sensing equipment such as carbon monoxide detectors?

Combination (pg 79)

Which type of system manages a water system by using pumps to fill water towers and gravity to supply homes and businesses?

Combined system (pg 105)

In which stage of the NFPA code development process does the responsible technical committee meet to review and take action on all of the submitted comments resulting from the first draft report?

Comment Stage (pg 26)

At which step in the International Code Council code development process are hearings provided to give interested parties the opportunity to express their views to the code development committees?

Committee Action Hearing (pg 24)

There are many ways to describe the technology used with state-of-the-art fire alarm control panels. Which of the following is NOT one of the terms used to describe this technology?

Conventional (pg 41)

In which stage of the NFPA code development process does the council review all activities associated with the decisions to ensure that procedures and rules were followed and the process was fair throughout?

Council Appeals and Issuance of Standard (pg 26)

This type of fire is the most recognizable, can be seen by lighting a match, and requires the presence of a combustible gas because the visible flame is a gaseous reaction.

Diffusion flame (pg 7)

Which of the following is NOT a primary determination for whether fire protections systems are required?

Distance to the closest firehouse (pg 29)

To ensure utilization and adoption of the best methods, standards, and practices, the authors of the model codes reference which of the following to meet the required performance characteristic or design intent?

Documents published by nationally recognized organizations (pg 27)

Aside from protecting human life, why would a building owner install a fire protection system to protect the structure and the contents?

Doing so makes good business sense. (pg 32)

Which of the following hydrants is designed for use in cold climates where freezing is a problem?

Dry barrel (pg 115)

Which standpipe component is a coupling device that is found on the exterior of a building and is attached to a pipe connected to the standpipe system, sprinkler system, or both?

Fire department connection (pg 152)

Which commonly used suppression agent can cover leaking fuel so that oxygen cannot reach the fuel?

Foam (pg 13)

_______ prior to the public comment hearing, the published results become the agenda for the public comment hearing and are distributed on the International Code Council website.

Forty-five days (pg 24)

Which type of detector is typically installed in an area where environmental conditions or temperatures fluctuate, so the heat output of a fire will be high?

Heat detector (pg 48)

Which of the following stages of fire occurs when the heat source, fuel, and oxygen come together to generate more heat than is dissipated, thus promoting the uninhibited chain reaction?

Incipient stage (pg 9)

Which person or organization(s) requires commercial and industrial building owners to install some type of fire protection system?

Insurance companies (pg 32)

Which type of detector uses two electronically charged plates and a small amount of radioactive material to detect a fire?

Ionization smoke detector (pg 51)

Which initiating device requires a person to pull a handle on the device to initiate an alarm?

Manual fire alarm box (pg 43)

Which of the following refers to a system of rules, regulations, or laws typically developed by private, not-for-profit organizations?

Model code (pg 22)

Which of the following groups has developed a commonly used color coding system for fire hydrants?

National Fire Protection Association (pg 118)

Which of the following organizations was NOT part of the merger to become the International Code Council in the mid-1990s?

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) (pg 22)

In order to determine if the delivery system is adequate for manual firefighting, what must the engineers calculate?

Needed fire flow (pg 103)

Which pump operates by reciprocating motion, with the liquid being drawn into a cylinder on the intake stroke and expelled under pressure on the discharge stroke by a plunger or piston?

Positive displacement (pg 124)

What is the difference between regular/ordinary dry chemicals and multipurpose dry chemicals?

Regular/ordinary dry chemicals only work on Class B and C type fires, whereas multipurpose dry chemicals work on Class A, B, and C type fires. (Ch. 9 Review)

Which of the following fire alarm systems is found in homes and consists of smoke detectors and possibly a combination detector covering smoke and heat that operates independently from other alarm systems and detectors?

Single station (pg 78)

What factor has a significant impact on fire growth, in addition to the shape of surrounding walls, ceilings, and roofs?

Size of a structure (pg 10)

What is the difference between a smoke control and smoke management system?

Smoke control uses mechanical systems that pressurize areas of buildings with fans to limit smoke movement when there is a fire. Smoke management is the use of passive and active systems alone or in combination to alter smoke movement. (Ch. 12 Review)

Which type of fire, usually seen with charcoal briquettes and burning cigarettes, has no flame but still generates significant heat?

Smoldering (pg 8)

Class B fires involving flammable and combustible liquids are typically extinguished through which action?

Smothering (pg 14)

Which of the eight steps of the International Code Council code development process can be presented by anyone and must be received by the announced due date within the review cycle to be considered?

Submit Code Changes (pg 24)

Which signal sounds when there is a change in the normal ready status of other fire protection systems or devices that are connected to or integrated with the fire alarm panel?

Supervisory signal (pg 42)

Which of the following is a geometric depiction, developed through ongoing research, showing how fire is sustained by a chain reaction?

The fire tetrahedron (pg 7)

What has served as a teaching tool to geometrically depict the relationship between fuel, air, and heat?

The fire triangle (pg 6)

Discuss the pros and cons of requiring smoke control and management systems. Which use and occupancy conditions would benefit from the installation of these systems, and which would not?

The pros are that the systems are designed to provide a tenable environment in a building during a fire emergency and, to a degree, keep hot gases and smoke confined. The cons are that these systems can be a challenge to design and require that the property owner or responsible party keep up with the required periodic inspection and testing. Without annual testing and receipt of documented reports, smoke control systems can rapidly fall into a state of disrepair or failed performance; this is particularly true in multi-tenant office buildings during the initial build-out of first-generation tenants. Problems may occur due to reprogramming of the fire alarm system for new tenant alarm devices, electrically disconnecting systems due to nuisance operation, damper motors failing to operate, intentionally disconnecting damper linkages, and fan motors tripped on thermal overload. Occupancies that would benefit include any place where there is an evacuation challenge, any location where it could take time to reach the exit discharge such as a high-rise or a subway station, large open space occupancies, and any location where people are not free to move about. (Ch. 12 Review)

What is the purpose of a pressure maintenance pump?

The purpose of a pressure maintenance pump is to boost and maintain system pressure above the start pressure of the fire pump. (Ch. 5 Review)

What two factors restrict the installation of delayed egress locks?

The use and occupancy condition, and the lack of an automatic fire sprinkler system or approved automatic fire or heat detection system (Ch. 13 Review)

In the 1900s, which of the following organizations developed a method of classifying or categorizing fires based on the extinguishing agent that was appropriate for the type of fire?

Underwriters Laboratories (pg 13)

When the pressure at the hose valve outlet exceeds a predetermined pressure, how are fire fighters in most jurisdictions alerted of the high pressure?

Warning signs (pg 160)

Which of the following extinguishing agents is NOT used to break the chain reaction through displacing the available oxygen?

Water (pg 13)

Which component of a fire alarm system utilizes a flexible round plastic paddle or vane that inserts into the wet sprinkler system piping?

Water flow switch (pg 58)

What occurs when a valve or nozzle is closed very quickly under pressure of the system and can cause severe damage to the water system?

Water hammer (pg 115)

The model codes are the ______ acceptable level of performance or risk, and therefore there may be an instance in which the code is not adequate for the circumstances?

minimum (pg 29)

A(n) __________ is a valve with a freestanding post that houses the stem extension of an underground valve control. The position of the valve is shown in a small window.

post indicator valve (pg 109)

What is the minimum design pressure for a standpipe system at the hydraulically most remote 2½-inch hose valve outlet?

100 psi (pg 160)

A _____ lined hose must be installed into hose cabinets, must not exceed 100 feet in length, and may be collapsible or non-collapsible.

1½-inch (pg 157)

Which edition of NFPA 72 established new signaling priorities, placing emergency communication system signals over all other signals, including fire alarm signals?

2007 (pg 82)