Functions of the Endocrine System (Psychology 6)

True or False: The pituitary gland directly and indirectly regulates body growth.

true

Which of the following statements about the reproductive glands is true? A. The reproductive glands affect sperm and egg formation. B. The reproductive glands in males are called the ovaries. C. The reproductive glands are located above the kidneys. D. The reproductive glands control all other endocrine glands.

A. The reproductive glands affect sperm and egg formation.

Which endocrine gland is responsible for controlling the stress response? A. adrenal gland B. pineal gland C. thyroid gland D. thymus gland

A. adrenal gland

The ___________ and __________ systems communicate to regulate body functioning. A. nervous . . . endocrine B. endocrine . . . hormone C. neuron . . . nervous D. neuron . . . hormone

A. nervous . . . endocrine

Neurotransmitters bind to the __________ to initiate communication. A. neural receptor B. mylar sheath C. synapse D. hormones

A. neural receptor

Which endocrine gland regulates immune system development? A. thymus gland B. pancreas C. pineal gland D. adrenal gland

A. thymus gland

Which of the following statements about the thyroid gland is not correct? A. The thyroid gland is located in the neck. B. The thyroid gland controls reproductive cycles. C. The thyroid gland regulates metabolism. D. The thyroid gland helps to regulate bone growth.

B. The thyroid gland controls reproductive cycles.

The __________ acts as the internal clock that controls sleep and waking cycles. A. hypothalamus B. pineal gland C. ovaries D. thyroid

B. pineal gland

Compare and contrast stress hormones with sex hormones. Provide an example of each type.

Both types of hormones influence a variety of emotions as well as developmental and health issues. A stress hormone is often released during times of stress, such as when an individual experiences excitement, anxiety, or fear, and it is often associated with health issues concerning stress. Sex hormones primarily aid in development of male and female sex characteristics as well as bone and muscle formation. An example of a stress hormone is cortisol, and an example of a sex hormone is testosterone.

Which of the following statements concerning functions of the growth hormone (GH) is correct? A. The growth hormone promotes estrogen production in the body. B. Insulin and the growth hormone are both released by the adrenal glands. C. Abnormal amounts of the growth hormone can lead to developmental issues. D. The thyroid hormones assist the growth hormone in regulating blood sugar levels.

C. Abnormal amounts of the growth hormone can lead to developmental issues.

Which of the following statements concerning the relationship between hormones and emotion is correct? A. All emotion is determined by the level of cortisol released within the body. B. Both excitement and fear are influenced by the level of melatonin in the body. C. Stress response hormones help prepare the body to cope with frightening situations. D. Research indicates that hormones have no influence on the development of mood disorders.

C. Stress response hormones help prepare the body to cope with frightening situations.

Which of the following statements concerning testosterone is not correct? A. Testosterone is produced by both the testes and ovaries. B. Testosterone assists in the development of male sex characteristics. C. Testosterone is considered a stress hormone that helps regulate blood pressure. D. Testosterone assists in bone and muscle formation.

C. Testosterone is considered a stress hormone that helps regulate blood pressure.

Which of the following statements concerning the endocrine system is not true? A. The endocrine system works with the nervous system to regulate the body. B. The endocrine system consists of endocrine glands that produce hormones. C. The endocrine system helps to regulate the nervous system. D. The endocrine system communicates through the bloodstream.

C. The endocrine system helps to regulate the nervous system.

Examine the image below and answer the question that follows. All of the following describe the image above except __________. A. neural communication B. neurotransmitter release C. hormone release D. nervous system functioning

C. hormone release

Examine the image below and answer the question that follows. The orange dot in the above image represents the location of which endocrine gland? A. adrenal gland B. thyroid gland C. pituitary gland D. reproductive gland

C. pituitary gland

Which endocrine gland controls all other endocrine glands? A. pineal gland B. thymus gland C. pituitary gland D. thyroid gland

C. pituitary gland

All of the following are considered stress hormones except __________. A. epinephrine B. cortisol C. norepinephrine D. estrogen

D. estrogen

Norepinephrine and epinephrine influence all of the following except __________ functioning. A. heart B. lung C. nervous system D. sex drive

D. sex drive

Hormone

Definition Chemical substance produced and released by endocrine glands to help regulate bodily functions. Usage Thyroxine is a common hormone produced by the thyroid gland.

Pituitary Gland

Definition Endocrine gland found in the forebrain that controls all other endocrine glands and assists in regulating growth. Usage The pituitary gland is known as the "master gland" of the endocrine system.

Endocrine Gland

Definition Organ or group of cells that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. Usage There are many endocrine glands that assist in controlling physiological functioning within the body.

Hypothalamus

Definition Region of the brain that serves as the main control center for the autonomic nervous system and endocrine system. Usage The hypothalamus alerts the pituitary gland to initiate hormone production.

Endocrine System

Definition System that releases chemicals into the bloodstream to help control physiological functioning. Usage Both the endocrine system and nervous system use the process of homeostasis to regulate the body.

Homeostasis

Definition The ability of a system or living organism to adjust its internal environment in order to maintain equilibrium. Usage When a person becomes sick, the body undergoes homeostasis to begin the healing process.

True or False: Research indicates that excessive amounts of cortisol may result in the development of gigantism.

False

Briefly describe the relationship between hormones, emotion, and external behavior.

Hormones appear to be influenced by emotion and external behavior. For example, one's activity level may increase the production of a hormone, just as hormones often influence the way an individual feels. Hormones are found to impact behavior indirectly through emotional experiences. For example, an individual may feel a specific way as a result of hormone fluctuations but not behave or act out accordingly. The interaction between the emotion and environment play a large role on how hormonal influences are expressed behaviorally. Hormone production also appears to influence various behaviors, such as cognitive ability or sleep patterns, directly. For example, as levels of specific hormones decline, a decrease in mental clarity may be noted and sleep patterns may be disrupted as well.

Describe the process of homeostasis when body temperature rises too high.

If body temperature rises, blood vessels in the skin dilate, allowing more blood to flow near the skin's surface. This allows heat to dissipate through the skin and into the surrounding air. The skin may also produce sweat if the body gets too hot; when the sweat evaporates, it helps to cool the body.

Describe two communication similarities between the nervous system and endocrine system.

One communication similarity between the endocrine and nervous systems is that they both use homeostasis to help regulate body functioning in order to maintain proper balance, or equilibrium. Another communication similarity is that both the endocrine and nervous systems release specific chemicals to send messages throughout the body in order to initiate specific functions.

Describe the difference between a neurotransmitter and a hormone.

The difference between a neurotransmitter and a hormone is that a neurotransmitter is the chemical that is released from a neuron in order to communicate with connecting neurons throughout the brain and body. A hormone is the chemical that is released from an endocrine gland in order to send messages through the bloodstream to specific locations throughout the body. Some of the same chemicals act as both neurotransmitters and hormones. The difference between the two lies in where the chemical is released in the body. If it is released from the end of a neuron, it is called a neurotransmitter. If the chemical is released from an endocrine gland into the bloodstream, it is called a hormone.

True or False: Both fear and excitement activate the release of norepinephrine in the body.

True

True or False: Cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine are also known as stress hormones.

True

True or False: The chemical effect of the endocrine system is longer lasting than the chemical effect of the nervous system.

True

True or False: The testes and ovaries both release the hormone testosterone.

True