Fundamentals Nursing Prep U Chapter 2 Theory, Research, and Evidence-Based Practice

A nurse observes that the past five patients referred from a certain community clinic have been treated for drug and/or alcohol overdose. Based on this information, the nurse assumes that the clinic specializes in the treatment of substance abuse. This is an example of what type of reasoning?

Inductive reasoning

The nurse researcher would like to gather data about the attitudes of young adults on spirituality and health care. What is the most effective form of research on this topic?

Qualitative research

A nurse is formulating a clinical question in PICOT format. Which of the following is represented by the letter I?

Clearly defined, focused literature review

The American Nurses Association's Commission on Nursing Education developed guidelines for the investigative function of nurses at different educational levels. Which of the following is a guideline for a nurse with an associate degree?

Assist in collection of data within an established, structured format

A nurse is discussing dietary issues with a Latino client in the clinic. The client states, "My nutritionist told me that I needed to include beans in my diet so that my muscles would grow." The information that the client is expressing is known as what?

Authoritative knowledge

A nursing student is describing abstract ideas with a group of student peers. The student suggests that these ideas can be a group of objects and the relationships among them. The nursing instructor knows that the student is describing which of the following?

Concepts

The nurse performs a family assessment in a clinic and discovers that a single mother is experiencing anxiety. The client describes anxiety as being common when all four of her children come home from school and begin afternoon activities. In order to better understand the relationships that exist among the family members, the nurse might base her assessment on which theory?

General Systems Theory

A nurse is planning to conduct a nursing research study and is seeking federal funding. Which institution would be most helpful for the nurse to contact funding?

National Institute of Nursing Research

Which statement best explains the importance of theoretic frameworks?

Theoretic frameworks advance nursing knowledge and practice.

A nursing student is describing nursing concepts in class. The student states that these concepts can be put together, along with the relationships described among the concepts. The nursing instructor knows that the student is describing which of the following?

Theory

In what way can a nurse differentiate strong research from poor research?

by critiquing the study

When the nurse researcher informs the participant that his identity will not be linked with the information that is collected, the researcher is ensuring the participant's:

confidentiality

Evidence-based care emphasizes decision making based on the best available evidence and:

use of outcome studies to guide decisions.

A nurse has graduated with a baccalaureate degree in nursing. Which research activities would be appropriate for this nurse? Select all that apply.

• interpreting research for applicability to nursing practice • applying research findings to nursing practice • sharing research findings with colleagues

A nurse is reviewing nursing theory for usefulness in a home healthcare setting. Which is the appropriate application of Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Model in a home healthcare setting?

Match the client's self-care needs with appropriate supportive interventions.

Which skill is foundational for a nursing student's participation in the evidence-based practice process?

Read and understand a research article.

A public health nurse is working with a large group of clients who require a variety of patient care, health teaching, and health promotion. Using Virginia Henderson's Basic Needs Theory, how should the nurse proceed in order to provide a variety of medical, health teaching, and health promotion interventions?

Determine general basic needs of the group and additional needs specific to each client.

The nurse is reading about nursing theorists for a class. The theory reveals the following, "Individuals who use self-care to sustain life and health, to recover from disease or injury, or to cope with its effects." Which individual developed this theory?

Dorothea Orem

A nurse researcher is examining the cause-and-effect relationship between the consumption of tap water containing minimal amounts of bleach, and the incidence of cancer in rats. The research is taking place in a laboratory setting. What type of quantitative research is being used based upon this description?

Experimental research

The statement, "More frequent handwashing will significantly lower the rate of infection in hospitalized clients," is an example of what research component?

Hypothesis

The following events occurred as part of the growth of nursing research. Place the events in the order that they occurred from earliest to latest.

• establishment of the first Canadian nursing research journal • ANA recommendation for further research in areas of health promotion and illness prevention • Institute of Medicine's urge to increase the level of federal funding for nursing research • ANA's identification of 11 priorities for nursing research • Establishment of the journal Applied Nursing Research

A nurse has received a doctoral degree from a research oriented educational program. Which activities would this nurse be able to perform? Select all that apply.

• uses analytic and empirical methods to modify existing scientific knowledge so that the knowledge is relevant to nursing • develops methods for scientific inquiry of phenomena related to nursing

The nurse is caring for a client who had a recent diagnosis of diabetes. Which action demonstrates that the nurse is utilizing the Basic Needs theory?

providing foot care for the client

A nurse is planning to participate in a research project and is looking for information about what is already known about the topic. The nurse is involved in which step of the research process?

scientific literature review

The researcher must critically appraise evidence following literature review. In order to effectively appraise the information the researcher should ask questions regarding the information collected. Which questions should the researcher utilize for this evaluation? (Select all that apply.)

• "What were the results of the study?" • "Are the results valid and reliable?" • 'Will the results of the study improve client care?"

What are the four properties identified by Diers that comprise the holistic perspective of nursing research?

• The focus of nursing research must be on a variance that makes a difference in improving client care. • Nursing research has the potential for contributing to the development of theory and the body of scientific nursing knowledge. • A research problem is a nursing research problem when nurses have access to and control over the phenomena being studied. • A nurse interested in research must have an inquisitive, curious, and questioning mind.

A male client 79 years of age who is postoperative Day 3 following hip replacement surgery has been approached by a nurse researcher and asked to participate in a research study. This study will test a new rehabilitation strategy. What aspect of the nursing research process addresses the client's understanding of the potential risks and benefits of this study?

going through the informed consent process with the client

A nursing researcher presents the findings of his or her current study at a School of Nursing's research conference. While there, the nurse speaks with another nurse researcher interested in similar topics and the two decide to discuss forming a partnership for further research projects. This type of interaction is an example of:

networking

From 1900 to 1940, research in nursing focused on:

nursing education and teaching.

What aspect of Maslow's hierarchy of needs is primarily affected regarding the threat of terrorism?

Safety and fear

A nurse who will be conducting a research study asks an experienced nurse researcher, "When do I write my problem statement?" Which response by the nurse researcher would be appropriate?

"You'll do this after reviewing the literature and identifying your framework."

The nursing instructor asks a group of students to identify a theory that describes how humans adjust to life with other living things and with the environment. One student correctly identifies this as which theory?

Adaptation theory

A community health nurse has been visiting a diabetic client whose morning fasting glucose levels are constantly elevated. Upon further assessment, the nurse determines that the client's spouse does not understand how to prepare meals following the prescribed diabetic diet. Using Dorothea Orem Self Care Theory, how can the nurse help meet the needs of this client?

Arrange an evaluation appointment with a dietician.

Christine Grady is a nurse ethicist that proposed a framework for evaluating ethics. Grady suggested that an independent review is needed for ethical research. This principle is correctly defined as:

Informed consent means that "individuals should be informed about the research and provide their voluntary consent."

How are the first stages of the nursing process and nursing research linked?

The nurse assesses problems initially.

A nurse is discussing dietary issues with a Latino client in the clinic. The client states, "I read a research article about the importance of beans in the Latino diet. The findings from the study suggested that inclusion of meat and beans in the diet would help in the development of muscles and bones." The information that the client is expressing is known as what?

Scientific knowledge

A nurse is discussing dietary issues with a Latino client in the clinic. The client states, "My grandmother always told me that I needed to include beans in my diet so that my muscles would grow." The information that the client is expressing is known as what?

Traditional knowledge

The nursing instructor is reviewing common concepts in nursing theory with the class. There are four concepts that are related to the practice of nursing. Students identify which of the following as core concepts for nursing theory. (Select all that apply.)

• Person (client) • Environment • Health • Nursing

The use of research in nursing provides which benefits? Select all that apply.

• Reviews of clinical research provide a basis for best practice guidelines. • Research serves as a resource for evaluating care. • Research findings are used to develop innovative methods to sharpen assessment and diagnostic skills.

Nurse researchers use both quantitative and qualitative research in their practices. Which actions are examples of the use of qualitative research? Select all that apply.

• The nurse examines nursing issues related to the Native American client. • The nurse investigates past nursing trends to understand the current profession. • The nurse discovers how people describe the effect of illness in their lives.