Fundamentals Nursing Prep U Chapter 3 Heath, Illness, and Disparities
A client tells the nurse that her doctor just told her that she had a "chronic condition." She asks the nurse what does "chronic condition" mean. What would be the nurse's best response?
"Chronic conditions usually come on slowly and may have periods of remission and exacerbation."
What is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity?
Health
A client states, "I must be in poor health because I am a senior citizen. That's what my neighbor says and she is older than I am." This statement is based on which of the following factors?
Peer influence
The nurse's community outreach class is giving a presentation on seat belts and child safety seats at the local firehouse every weekend in October. What level(s) of health promotion is this an example of?
Primary
A client experiencing symptoms of cold is referred to the specialist for diagnosis and consultation. Consultation and diagnostic tests are included in which level of the health care system?
Secondary care
A woman over the age of 40 years has an annual mammogram. What level of prevention does this represent?
Secondary prevention
A nurse is caring for a patient who has breast cancer. The patient tells the nurse: "I don't know why this happened to me, but I'm ready to move on and do whatever I need to do to get healthy again." This patient is in which stage of acute illness?
Stage 3
A man with Alzheimer's disease in a nursing home will follow directions for dressing and feeding better with one nurse than with other staff members. This factor is related to
Therapeutic model of interaction
What is a dynamic balance among the physical, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects of a person's life?
Wellness
When admitting an adolescent to the hospital, the nurse anticipates that the client will respond to questions about his health beliefs based primarily on his:
age and developmental stage.
A nurse is planning a seminar for the local community. Which topics are examples of health promotion discussions? (Select all that apply.)
• examples of heart-healthy diet • information on increasing activity and exercise
Which clients, at risk for health disparities, may require additional assistance from the nurse in order to access healthcare services? (Select all that apply.)
• migrant farm workers • older adult clients in a senior citizen complex • clients who have been unemployed for several months
The nurse understands the role that religion and spirituality plays in a client's health. Which of the following is one example of the influence of the spiritual dimension on health care?
Orthodox Jews prohibiting the intake of pork
The nurse is holding a cholesterol screening at a local pharmacy this Saturday morning. What level(s) of health promotion is this screening an example of?
Secondary
A nurse has chosen to characterize a new initiative as "wellness promotion" rather than "health promotion." Which statement best describes the difference between the concept of wellness and the concept of health?
Wellness is an active state, whereas health is a more passive state dependent on the absence of disease.
The client is admitted with a gastrointestinal bleed (GI). The physician ordered a colonoscopy. Which level of care encompasses this procedure?
secondary
A nurse working in the ICU understands that illnesses affect both the client as well as the family members. What are some things that often cause stress in family members due to a hospitalization of a family member? Select all that apply.
• Alterations in roles • Economic problems • Alterations in lifestyle • Decrease in social interactions
Nurses understand the importance of adopting healthy behaviors so that they can better care for clients. What are some examples of healthy self-care behaviors everyone should adopt? Select all that apply.
• Sleeping 7-8 hours each night • Eating regular healthy meals • Maintaining an ideal body weight
The nurse is using Leavell and Clark's Agent- Host-Environment Health Model to help plan nursing interventions for patients in a hospital setting. Which examples of nursing actions to prevent hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) in these patients best illustrate the principles of this model? (Select all that apply.)
• The nurse should assess the patients for risk factors for infection when planning nursing care. • The nurse should consider the patients' family history and age when assessing risk factors for infection. • The nurse should examine environmental stressors in patients' lives to see how they might affect their recovery and ability to ward off infection.
The health belief model is useful when educating individuals about health and illness. Why would this be?
It allows you to assess the client's beliefs and structure goals so he can meet health needs.
A nurse is caring for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The nurse explains to the client that COPD is a chronic disease. Why is COPD considered a chronic disease?
It has a gradual onset and lasts for a long time
The nurse who is working in a long-term care facility is talking with a group of healthcare workers. One of the healthcare workers asks about current trends in health care. Which of the following trends should the nurse base the response on?
More people with chronic illnesses
A nurse observes that a patient who has pneumonia is in the recovery and rehabilitation stage of the illness. What statement describes the patient response that the nurse would expect at this stage of the illness?
The patient gives up the dependent role.
A client enjoys high-calorie carbohydrates but understands that they raise her blood sugar sharply and ultimately cause a feeling of butterflies in her stomach as her blood sugar decreases. This is considered:
self-awareness
A nurse assists the client in the development of a healthy lifestyle. The adoption of these lifestyle changes in the client's life is considered:
self-care
Which client would benefit from the nurse including interventions addressing emotional health in the plan of care?
stressed client who is experiencing paranoid delusions
Risk factors for illness are divided into six categories. Working with carcinogenic chemicals is an example of which type of risk factor?
Environmental risk factor
The nurse recognizes that the client who makes the decision to accept a new diagnosis and follow the prescribed treatment plan is in which of the following stages of an illness?
Stage 3-Assuming a dependent role
A nurse is caring for a female client age 17 years whose left leg was amputated after being crushed in a motor vehicle accident. Which of the following interventions might the nurse perform to accommodate the client's intellectual dimension?
Teaching her how to care for the stump and explaining the rehabilitation program
The client who has cancer has adapted to her diagnosis and has recently returned to work. When first diagnosed she was depressed and told everyone how sick she was. Since undergoing the chemotherapy she states that she now feels better than ever. The nurse recognizes that which of the following models of health promotion is most appropriate for this client?
The Health-Illness Continuum Model
The recognition of health as an ongoing process toward a person's highest potential of functioning is defined as:
high-level wellness
The nurse is caring for a client admitted for the third time in 90 days with a diagnosis of heart failure. What nursing activities on a tertiary level will the nurse educate the client regarding to prevent readmission?
importance of adhering to a low sodium diet
The nurse is working in an acute care setting and performs primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention Which activity performed by the nurse is classified as tertiary prevention?
instructing a client how to use crutches
A group of students is reviewing the various levels of illness prevention. The students demonstrate understanding when they identify which of the following as a goal of tertiary prevention of illness?
minimizing complications
While providing client care, a nurse determines that a client adheres to the health belief model. What would the nurse need to assess as a factor possibly affecting the client's response to illness?
personality characteristics
A nurse is explaining A1C diagnostic testing to a client with diabetes. What level of healthcare delivery does this test suggest?
primary
A 90-year-old woman has a staphylococcus infection in her decubitus ulcer. Staphylococcus is the:
Agent
What is a dynamic state in which a person constantly adapts to changes in the internal and external environment?
Health
A nursing instructor is working with a class of first semester nursing students. The instructor explains the interrelatedness of health and wellness. What would be the best definition the nursing instructor could give of health?
Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
The nursing instructor informs the students that there are many factors that affect a person's health. Which of the following does she tell the students is something that is essential and must be met for physiological health and survival?
Basic human needs
