Fundamentals Nursing Prep U Chapter 6 Values, Ethics, and Advocacy

Which word is best described by the following: the protection and support of another's rights?

Advocacy

Which of the following is a characteristic of the care-based approach to bioethics?

the promotion of the dignity and respect of clients as people

Socialization into the nursing profession may have the most significant effect on:

values

Which nursing actions describe the use of the professional value of altruism? Select all that apply.

• A nurse demonstrates an understanding of the culture of his or her client. • A nurse becomes a mentor to a student nurse working on the floor. • A nurse respects the right of a Native American/First Nations client to call in a shaman for a consultation.

A nurse states to the client that she will keep her free of pain. However, her family wishes to try a treatment to prolong her life that may necessitate withholding pain medication. This factor will cause an ethical dilemma for the nurse in relation to which ethical principle?

Fidelity

Which best defines value clarification? A belief about the worth of something, about what matters, that acts as a standard to guide one's behavior An organization of values in which each is ranked along a continuum of importance, often leading to a personal code of conduct A process by which people come to understand their own values and value systems A systematic inquiry into principles of right and wrong conduct, of virtue and vice, and of good and evil, as they relate to conduct

A process by which people come to understand their own values and value systems Value clarification is a process by which people come to understand their own values and value systems. A value is a belief about the worth of something, about what matters, that acts as a standard to guide one's behavior. A value system is an organization of values in which each is ranked along a continuum of importance, often leading to a personal code of conduct. Ethics is a systematic inquiry into principles of right and wrong conduct, of virtue and vice, and of good and evil, as they relate to conduct.

Which scenario is an example of the laissez-faire approach to value transmission? Telling a child an injection will feel like a pinch before the nurse gives the injection Teaching children right from wrong and telling them the reason behind a bad action Modeling healthy behaviors for teenagers, such as not smoking electronic cigarettes Allowing a child to decide not to have an intravenous line inserted

Allowing a child to decide not to have an intravenous line inserted A laissez-faire approach to value transmission is one that allows others, especially children, to make decisions without guidance, resulting in a decision that may not be a sound one. Teaching a child about right and wrong behavior is a more active learning strategy, and reflects the moralizing approach to value transmission. Modeling or role modeling is leading (and transmitting values) by example—in this case, not smoking electronic cigarettes to show the teenagers good behavior. Telling the child about the injection feeling like a pinch is not an approach to value transmission.

Which of the following best describes feminist ethics?

An approach critiquing existing patterns of oppression and domination in society.

A nurse pulls the curtains before changing the dressing of the surgical wound on the abdomen of a post-surgical client. What value is served?

Dignity

A nurse learns to adopt behavior modeled by a charge nurse. What ethical principle or behavior is the nurse most likely to learn through this process? Decision making Standards of practice Autonomy Ethical conduct

Ethical conduct By adopting the professional behavior of the charge nurse, the nurse learns appropriate ethical conduct. Standards of practice are specific, official statements established by an organization to guide practice in a profession; they are not learned by adopting the behaviors modeled by one person. Autonomy relates to respecting the right of another person to make one's own decisions. The nurse is not learning this principle in this scenario. Decision making is the thought process of selecting a logical choice from the available options. The nurse is not choosing from a variety of options in this scenario.

The nurse is reviewing charges to clients for surgical procedures and observes different charges dependent upon insurance status. The nurse immediately reports this bias in charges to the supervisor for action. What principle of bioethics is the nurse demonstrating?

Justice

A nurse is caring for a hospitalized client. Which nursing actions demonstrate a caring and compassionate attitude? Select all that apply. Offering snacks and beverages to visiting family Leaving the room promptly once care is completed Listening to the client tell stories about past experiences Notifying the client before leaving for lunch Explaining all nursing procedures clearly

Notifying the client before leaving for lunch Offering snacks and beverages to visiting family Explaining all nursing procedures clearly Listening to the client tell stories about past experiences One of the best methods for avoiding lawsuits is to administer compassionate care. Notifying the client before leaving for lunch, offering snacks and beverages to visiting family, explaining all nursing procedures clearly, and listening to the client tell stories are examples of a caring and compassionate attitude. Leaving the room promptly once care is completed does not demonstrate care or compassion.

A nurse is aware that the principle of autonomy is being applied in which situation?

The client has decided to stop chemotherapy treatments.

Nursing students in an ethics class have been asked to define "ethics." What would be the best definition of ethics?

The formal, systematic study of moral beliefs.

A nurse arrives on the medical unit wearing large dangling earrings. This is an example of which type of conduct?

Unprofessional

To practice ethically, the nurse should:

avoid allowing her judgment to guide practice.

The graduate nurse is beginning practice after taking NCLEX. What professional values should the nurse determine are of importance to always incorporate into practice? Select all that apply.

• Altruism • Autonomy • Human dignity • Social Justice

Identify the activities of value processing. Select all that apply.

• Choosing • Acting • Prizing

A nurse manager receives negative survey results citing a decrease in the quality of patient care. What areas does the nurse manager research as a causative factor in the decrease of quality care delivery? Select all that apply.

• Inadequate staffing patterns • Decreased satisfaction of nurses in the workplace

Nurse A is having difficulty logging into the automated medication-dispensing system, and asks Nurse B to log in momentarily so that Nurse A is not delayed in administering client medications. What is Nurse B's appropriate response? "I can log in and give the medications for you." "I am giving you my password so you can log in." "I will log in so that you can proceed with medication delivery." "I will get the hospital's information system's phone number for you."

"I will get the hospital's information system's phone number for you." Explanation: Passwords and logins should never be shared with anyone else, nor should a nurse use his or her own password or login information to allow another individual to access the automated medication-dispensing system. Nurse B will not log in and give the medications, but rather will provide a solution by offering contact information for information systems to Nurse A so that he or she can work through their login issue.

The nursing student demonstrates the need for further instruction with which statement concerning moral values?

"Moral values give individuals some sense of what is right and wrong."

Which statement by the nurse is an example of deception? "It is important to get out of bed to prevent pneumonia." "I am going to teach you how to give yourself insulin." "I will administer your pain medication as soon as it is due." "This injection of procaine will feel like a little pinch." deception: the act of making someone believe something that is not true : the act of deceiving someone lua doi-scarce khang hiem /ske'r s/

"This injection of procaine will feel like a little pinch." Telling a client that an injection of procaine will feel like a little pinch is not being truthful, and is defined as a deception. Telling a client that pain medicine will be administered when it is time is being truthful. Telling a client to get out of bed also supports a nursing intervention. Teaching a client how to give an injection is important for the client to take care of himself or herself.

A nurse is caring for a client with a complete spinal cord injury that has caused paraplegia. The client is very distraught and asks the nurse, "Are they sure, even with therapy, I will never walk again?" Which statement made by the nurse demonstrates veracity? "I see you are upset; I can ask your physician to stop by and explain your injury in more detail." "It is too soon to tell. There is always a possibility you will regain movement in your legs." "Sometimes with physical therapy, a person may notice some improvement with movement." "You have a complete injury, which results in a total loss of movement and sensation below the level of injury."

"You have a complete injury, which results in a total loss of movement and sensation below the level of injury." Explanation: Veracity means the duty to be honest and avoid deceiving or misleading a client. Personnel demonstrate respect for this right by explaining to the client the status of the client's health problem, the benefits and risks of treatment, alternative forms of treatment, and consequences if the treatment is not administered. The other statements are not providing the truth about the client's condition, or are avoiding telling the truth.

Which clinical situation is addressed by the provisions of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)? A client who resides in Indiana has required hospitalization during a vacation in Hawaii. A client has asked for a second opinion regarding treatment options for her diagnosis of ovarian cancer. A client wishes to appeal her insurance company's refusal to reimburse for a diagnostic test. A client has asked a nurse if he can read the documentation that his physician wrote in his chart.

A client has asked a nurse if he can read the documentation that his physician wrote in his chart. Among the provisions of HIPAA are clients' rights to see and read their medical records. Negotiation with an insurance provider, the necessity of a second opinion, and out-of-state care are aspects of care that fall within the specific auspices of HIPAA.

When examining values, a nurse notes that one country allows physician-assisted suicide and another outlaws it, making it punishable by imprisonment. Which factors best explain the differences in values between these two countries? Economic Ethical Spiritual Cultural

Cultural Daily living is expressed in many traditions and customs; understanding these differences is cultural value orientation. Because it is primarily culture that determines a society's values, cultural factors best explain the differences in values between these two countries. Although economic, spiritual, and ethical factors may be involved in value formation, a society's value system is most influenced by culture.

A school nurse interviewing parents of a child who is doing poorly in school determines that the parents practice a laissez-faire method of discipline. What are examples of this form of value transmission? Select all that apply. A teenage boy explores religions of friends in hopes of developing his own faith. A teenage girl tries alcohol at a party with her friends. Before meals, a boy says a prayer that he learned from his parents. A teenage girl is punished for staying out too late with her friends. A boy is taught how to behave in public by his schoolteacher. A boy is taken for ice cream to celebrate his good report card.

A teenage boy explores religions of friends in hopes of developing his own faith. A teenage girl tries alcohol at a party with her friends. The laissez-faire approach to discipline would leave children to explore values on their own and to develop a personal value system from this exploration. This approach often involves little or no parental guidance, and may lead to confusion and conflict for the child. Examples of this form of discipline would be a teenage girl trying alcohol at a party with her friends and a teenage boy exploring religions of friends in hopes of developing his own faith. A child reciting a prayer learned by the parents would not be an example of this method. A child being taken for ice cream to celebrate would not be an example of this method. A child taught how to behave by the school teacher is not an example. A teenager being punished by the parents for breaking curfew is not an example.

The nurse has inadvertently administered medication ordered for Client A to Client B. What is the appropriate nursing action? Select all that apply. Do nothing as long as Client B has no reaction. Contact the provider to report the error. Tell Client A that the wrong drugs were given to Client B. Assess Client B thoroughly. Complete an incident report.

Assess Client B thoroughly. Complete an incident report. Contact the provider to report the error. The nurse will assess and monitor Client B, complete an incident report, and notify the provider in case other orders may need to be given. It is ethically and legally inappropriate to refrain from taking action. Telling Client A about the error violates HIPAA.

A nurse volunteers to serve on the hospital ethics committee. Which of the following indicates that the nurse knows what the purpose of an ethics committee is?

Assist in decision making based on the client's best interests.

Which ethical principle is related to the idea of self-determination?

Autonomy

A client diagnosed with cancer has met with the oncologist and is now weighing whether to undergo chemotherapy or radiation for treatment. This client is demonstrating which ethical principle in making this decision? Justice Autonomy Beneficence Confidentiality

Autonomy Autonomy entails the ability to make a choice free from external constraints. Beneficence is the duty to do good and the active promotion of benevolent acts. Confidentiality relates to the concept of privacy. Justice states that like cases should be treated alike.

Six teenagers were killed in an accident following a night of drinking. The older brother of one of the victims bought beer for the group because none of them was old enough to purchase alcohol. Which statement(s) regarding the brother's action reflect customs rather than communal or personal ethical standards? Select all that apply. Underage persons should not drink alcohol. Drinking alcohol is a rite of passage. Big brothers often introduce their younger siblings to alcohol. People should not drink alcohol. People should not provide alcohol to underage persons.

Big brothers often introduce their younger siblings to alcohol. Drinking alcohol is a rite of passage nghi thuc thông hành The ethical statements are that people should not provide alcohol to underage persons (communal standard), underage persons should not drink alcohol (communal standard), and people should not drink alcohol (personal standard). Communal standards are often the basis of law. tiêu chuẩn chung Personal standards are specific to the person holding the value. The nurse must distinguish ethical statements from customs such as drinking as a rite of passage and big brothers introducing younger siblings to alcohol.

Which theory of ethics prioritizes the nurse's relationship with clients and the nurse's character in the practice of ethical nursing? Deontology Principle-based ethics Care-based ethics Utilitarianism

Care-based ethics Central to the care-based approach to ethics is the nurse's relationships with clients and the nurse's "being," or character and identity. Deontology is the study of the nature of duty and obligation. Utilitarianism is the doctrine that actions are right if they are useful or for the benefit of a majority. Principle-based ethics prioritizes goals and principles that exist beyond the particularities of the nurse-client relationship.

Which example most accurately depicts the ethical principle of autonomy? Transporting a client to a scheduled physical therapy appointment Administering a morning dose of insulin before breakfast Changing a dressing on a wound as needed Describing a surgery to a client before the consent is signed

Describing a surgery to a client before the consent is signed Autonomy is the capacity to make an informed, uncoerced decision. Describing a surgery to a client before a consent is signed provides the client with all of the information needed to make an informed decision and thus an autonomous one. The nurse changing a dressing on a wound does not require the client to make an informed decision, nor does administering a morning dose of insulin or transporting a client.

A nurse pulls the curtains closed before changing the dressing of the surgical wound on the abdomen of a postsurgical client. What value is served? Freedom Accountability Altruism Dignity

Dignity The nurse values the dignity of the client and provides the client with privacy before changing the wound dressing. This incident does not serve the values of accountability, freedom, or altruism. A nurse values accountability when documenting nursing care accurately and honestly. The nurse values freedom when the client's right to refuse treatment is honored. The nurse shows value for altruism when showing concern for the client's welfare.

A client is brought to the emergency department by an adult child, who states, "I am unable to care for my parent anymore. Although I would like to, financially and physically I can't do it anymore." What ethical problem does the nurse identify with the adult child?

Distress

Six teenagers were killed in an accident following a night of drinking. The older brother of one of the victims bought beer for the group because none of them was old enough to purchase alcohol. Which statement(s) regarding the brother's action reflect customs rather than communal or personal ethical standards? Select all that apply. People should not drink alcohol. People should not provide alcohol to underage persons. Drinking alcohol is a rite of passage. Underage persons should not drink alcohol. Big brothers often introduce their younger siblings to alcohol.

Drinking alcohol is a rite of passage. Big brothers often introduce their younger siblings to alcohol.

A nurse cultivates dispositions that enable practicing nursing in a manner in which he or she believes in. This nurse is displaying what essential element of ethical agency?

Ethical character

A nursing student learns to model behavior exemplified by the instructor. What behavior does the nursing student want to emulate?

Ethical conduct

A nurse who is caring for a new mother realizes that the woman is not prepared to go home with her newborn after a hospital stay of only 24 hours. However, hospital policy dictates that the mother be discharged. This nurse may be faced with which moral problem? Ethical uncertainty Ethical distress Ethical dilemma Ethical dissatisfaction

Ethical distress Ethical distress occurs when the nurse knows the right thing to do but either personal or institutional factors make it difficult to follow the correct course of action. Ethical dilemmas arise when attempted adherence to basic ethical principles results in two conflicting courses of action. The nurse is not uncertain about what is ethical in this case, nor is the nurse merely dissatisfied with an ethical situation.

Which statement best conveys the concept of ethical agency? Ethical practice requires a skill set that must be conscientiously learned and nurtured. Individuals who enter the nursing profession often innately possess ethical characteristics. Ethical practice is best learned and fostered by surrounding oneself with people who exhibit ethical character. A nurse's understanding and execution of ethical practice is primarily a result of increased years of experience.

Ethical practice requires a skill set that must be conscientiously learned and nurtured. Ethical agency must be cultivated in the same way that nurses cultivate the ability to do the scientifically right thing in response to a physiologic alteration. It is inaccurate to assume that it will passively develop from the presence of other ethical practitioners, or from years of experience. It is not an innate characteristic of personality.

Using the nursing process to make ethical decisions involves following several steps. Which step is the nurse implementing when reflecting on the decision-making process and the role it will play in making future decisions? Evaluating Diagnosing Planning Implementing

Evaluating Explanation: Evaluating an ethical decision involves reflecting on the process and evaluating those elements that will be helpful in the future. The nurse may also question how this experience can improve reasoning and decision making in the future. Diagnosing the ethical problem involves stating the problem clearly. Planning includes identifying the options and exploring the probable short-term and long-term consequences. Implementing includes the implementation of the decision and comparing the outcomes of the action with what was considered and hoped for in advance.

A parent teaches his or her children not to drink and drive; however, the parent does drink and drive. This action causes

Failure to reflect own values

A nurse is providing care for a client with cancer. The client's wife indicates that she does not want her husband to be told he is terminal. This is a breach of which ethical principle?

Fidelity

Question 19 of 20 A nurse is providing care to a client and is preparing the client for breakfast. The nurse assists the client out of bed to the chair and then helps the client open the items on the breakfast tray. The client begins to eat breakfast. The nurse tells the client, "I'll be back in about 10 minutes to check on you. In the meantime, here is your call light in case you need me." About 10 minutes later, the nurse returns to check on the client. The nurse is demonstrating which ethical principle? Nonmaleficence Autonomy Fidelity Justice

Fidelity Fidelity involves keeping promises and being faithful to the promises made. In this case, the nurse tells the client that she will return in 10 minutes and then follows through with the promise. Nonmaleficence involves doing no harm and avoiding actions that deliberately harm a person. Autonomy refers to the right to make one's own decisions. Justice involves treating each person fairly and without judgment.

A nurse who obtains a license to practice nursing through self-misrepresentation is guilty of what tort? Libel Fraud Assault Slander

Fraud Fraud is willful and purposeful misrepresentation that could cause, or has caused, loss or harm to a person or property. A nurse obtaining a license to practice through misrepresentation is committing fraud. Assault is a threat or an attempt to make bodily contact with another person without that person's consent. Slander is one form of defamation of character. Defamation of character is an intentional tort in which one party makes derogatory remarks about another, remarks that harm the other party's reputation. Slander is spoken defamation of character; libel is written defamation.

The nurse has an ethical dilemma and is using the ethical decision-making steps to guide to a correct decision. Place in order the steps the nurse uses in this process. 1Gather data and assess the situation. 3Identify and weigh the alternatives. 5Identify the ethical problem. 2Implement the decision. 4Evaluate the decision. dile'mma: kho xu, luong lu

Gather data and assess the situation. Identify the ethical problem. Identify and weigh the alternatives. Implement the decision. Evaluate the decision. Explanation: Each step in the process is crucial to come to an ethical decision. The decision-making process is similar to the nursing process and includes: assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation.

A nursing student reports to the instructor that a medication due at 9 a.m. was omitted. Which of the following principles is the student demonstrating?

Integrity

In the delivery of care, the nurse acts in accordance with nursing standards and the code of ethics and reports a medication error that she has made. The nurse is most clearly demonstrating which professional value?

Integrity

A nurse is providing care for three clients on a medical unit, two of whom are significantly more acute than the third. The nurse is making a concerted effort to ensure that the less acute client still receives a reasonable amount of time, attention, and care during the course of the shift. Which ethical principle is the nurse attempting to practice? Fidelity Nonmaleficence Beneficence Justice

Justice The ethical principle of justice includes an effort to fairly distribute benefits and to minimize discrimination, even when circumstances make this difficult to achieve. This is demonstrated by the nurse's efforts to fairly distribute the nurse's time and care. Beneficence is the ethical principle of promoting good. Nonmaleficence states that one should not do harm to clients. Fidelity is faithfulness to a person, cause, or belief, demonstrated by continuing loyalty and support.

The nurse is reviewing charges to clients for surgical procedures and observes different charges dependent upon insurance status. The nurse immediately reports this bias in charges to the supervisor for action. What principle of bioethics is the nurse demonstrating? Fidelity Justice Beneficence Nonmaleficence

Justice The nurse is seeking to distribute the benefits, risks, and costs of nursing care justly. When recognizing and addressing subtle instances of bias and discrimination, the bioethical principle of justice is being practiced. The principle of nonmaleficence means to avoid doing harm, to remove harm, and to prevent harm. Beneficence is committing oneself to actively promoting the client's health or well-being. Fidelity is being faithful to the promise that is made to be competent.

A parent of a high school student age 17 years is allowing the child to make the decision on the college that will be attended. When the child requests direction from the parent in making this decision, the parent responds by stating, "you will need to make this decision on your own." What type of value transmission is the parent displaying?

Laissez-faire

The nurse is managing the care for a post operative client. How does the nurse demonstrate advocacy?

Limiting visitors due to client complaining of pain

A charge nurse is always careful to listen carefully to clients and to be respectful of their privacy and care needs. The nurse says, "I want the staff on this unit to see me interacting with clients in the manner I would like for them to interact with clients." The nurse is using which technique to guide value development of the staff? Moralizing Laissez-faire Responsible choice Modeling

Modeling Explanation: Modeling is a method of values transmission in which the "teacher" demonstrates desired behavior. If the charge nurse was using moralizing, a lecture or information would be presented and would allow little opportunity for the "learners" to weigh different values. Laissez-faire provides no guidance in value development. Responsible choice encourages the learners to explore competing values and to weigh their consequences.

A nurse works in a nursing care facility that has a policy of regularly using restraints on clients that the nurse believes is unethical. However, the nurse feels obligated to follow the policy because of a fear of being fired. This is an example of which type of ethical situation? Ethical dilemma Moral distress Conscientious objection Moralizing

Moral distress Moral distress is when an individual, in this case the nurse, knows the right thing to do but feels unable to do it. An ethical dilemma is when one is faced with choosing between competing ethical options and not being certain of which is the best. Conscientious objection is the refusal to participate in certain types of treatment and care based on the fact that these activities violate the nurse's personal and professional ethical beliefs/standards. Moralizing is to comment on a client's issues of right and wrong, typically with an unfounded air of superiority.

A nurse is having lunch in the break room and overhears the other nurses talking about a difficult client in an inappropriate way. The nurses attempt to engage them in the conversation. Which of the following responses by the nurse would best represent behavior that supports the value of human dignity in nursing practice?

Saying that she believes that this discussion is inappropriate and disrespectful to the client and that she does not want to be a part of it

One value associated with the functional health pattern of activity and exercise is

Sensory pleasure

A nurse is caring for an older adult who has cancer and is experiencing complications requiring a revision of the plan of care. The nurse sits down with the client and the family and discusses their preferences while sharing her judgments based on her expertise. Which of the following types of health care decision making does this represent?

Shared decision making

A nurse is caring for an older adult who has cancer and is experiencing complications requiring a revision of the plan of care. The nurse sits down with the client and the family and discusses their preferences while sharing the nurse's own judgments based on the nurse's expertise. Which type of healthcare decision making does this represent? Shared decision making Ethical decision making Paternalistic model Client sovereignty model

Shared decision making Shared decision making is recommended by most ethicists and involves considering both the client's preferences and the nurse's expertise to make the best decision. The paternalistic model involves the clinician making the decisions. The client sovereignty model involves the client making all the decisions without input from the clinician. Ethical decision making is that based on a personal or organizational code of ethics.

A nurse uses the utilitarian action guiding theory when deciding how to handle the following ethical conflict: A 13-year-old client with anorexia refuses to eat food despite slowly starving to death. The parents insist that the nurse use a feeding tube to feed the client. Which statement is an example of this theory in practice? The nurse believes that force-feeding a client violates the principles of autonomy and nonmaleficence. The nurse refuses to force-feed the client because the nurse believes that force-feeding a client who refuses food is wrong even if it saves the client's life. The nurse forces food via an eating tube because the end result is good in that it will save the client's life. The nurse believes that force-feeding a client could be right or wrong depending on the process used to accomplish the action. a nờ rék

The nurse forces food via an eating tube because the end result is good in that it will save the client's life. Ethical theories or frameworks are systems of thought that attempt to explain how we ought to live and why. The utilitarian action guiding theory examines the rightness or wrongness of an action depending on the consequences of the action. The example of this theory in practice would be the nurse force-feeding a client via an eating tube when the end result is beneficial—it will save the client's life. The other three options are not examples of the utilitarian action guiding theory. Another action guiding theory would be the deontologic theory (an action is found to be right or wrong based on a rule, independent of its consequences).

Question 20 of 20 Which are examples of a nurse appropriately protecting a client's privacy? Select all that apply. The nurse questions the client about the client's social life even though it does not affect care planning. Because the facility is a teaching facility, the nurse allows a nursing student to photograph a client for a care plan. The nurse moves the client from the emergency department waiting room to a private area to collect assessment data. During a bed bath, the nurse exposes the client's upper torso while washing the client's face. With the client's permission, the nurse explains the client's diagnosis to the client's spouse.

With the client's permission, the nurse explains the client's diagnosis to the client's spouse. The nurse moves the client from the emergency department waiting room to a private area to collect assessment data. To prevent invasion of privacy, all client information is considered confidential and private; this includes name and all identifiers (e.g., social security number, address, date of birth). With the client's permission, the nurse may share information with the client's spouse. A client should be taken to a private, soundproof area to collect data. Unnecessary exposure of a client's body, taking photos of a client, and questioning a client's social life when it does not affect care planning are examples of invasion of privacy.

Question 17 of 20 When the nurse informs a client's employer of the client's autoimmune deficiency disease, the nurse is committing the tort of: battery. invasion of privacy. assault. breach of contract.

invasion of privacy. Explanation: Nurses have access to information recorded in the medical record, shared or observed through care or interactions with the client's friends and family, and obtained through access to the client's body. A loss of privacy occurs if others obtain unauthorized information about someone from a nurse. Assault and battery refer to verbal and physical actions that are not described in this scenario. Details revealed as described here do not reflect a breach of the contract between nurse and client.

The foundation for decisions about resource allocation throughout a society or group is based on the ethical principle of: veracity. justice. confidentiality. autonomy.

justice. Justice is the foundation for decisions about ethical resource allocation throughout a society or group, because resources must be allocated fairly and equitably. The other ethical principles listed, veracity, autonomy, and confidentiality, have no direct application to resource allocation within society.

A nursing faculty is presenting a lecture on ethics. The correct definition of ethical distress is:

knowing the correct action, but unable to perform due to constraints

Which action most clearly demonstrates a nurse's commitment to social justice?

lobbying for an expansion of health care resources and benefits

A nurse is of the Catholic faith and votes pro-life. This nurse is considered to have: moral agency. personal values. ethics. legal obligations.

personal values. Explanation: The only information given here tells us that this nurse has personal values on a particular issues. Personal values are ideas or beliefs a person considers important and feels strongly about. Moral agency is the ability to do the ethically right thing because one knows it is the right thing to do. Ethics is a systematic study of principles of right and wrong conduct, virtue and vice, and good and evil as they relate to conduct and human flourishing. Legal obligations are behaviors and actions required by law.

The nurse is engaged in dialogue with a client in an effort to identify the client's values. Value systems are often formally embedded and integrated into:

religion

What would be an example of the nurse practicing fidelity? The nurse:

stays with the client during his death as promised.

A nurse is preparing a client for discharge from the cardiac unit and observes cigarettes in the client's belongings. The nurse asks the client to consider the client's health and that of the client's spouse. This is an example of: values clarification. moral distress. ethical dilemma. social justice.

values clarification. Values clarification is a process that allows an individual to examine and understand what choices to make. Moral distress is the emotional state that arises from a situation when a nurse feels that the ethically correct action to take is different from what the nurse is tasked with doing. An example of this is the nurse taking away the cigarettes out of the client's belongings bag. Ethical distress occurs when a decision is made regarding what one believes to be the right course of action, but barriers prevent the nurse from carrying out or completing the action. The nurse can expect ethical distress if removing the cigarettes from the client's belongings bag. Social justice is a concept of fair and just relations between the individual and society. An example is the selling of cigarettes to those who had a cardiac event. Moral distress, ethical dilemma, and social justice are not reflected in this scenario.

Socialization into the nursing profession may have the most significant effect on: planning. documentation. values. roles.

values. Explanation: Socialization into a culture refers not only to the adoption of practices, such as documentation and planning, and ways of relating to one another (roles) but to the very beliefs that one holds to be most important (values). Because values guide one's practices and roles, the most significant effect of socialization into nursing would be its effect on values.

The nurse strives to uphold human dignity when providing care to clients. What behavior exemplified by the nurse would be included? Select all that apply.

• Protects the privacy of the client • Maintains confidentiality • Provides culturally competent care

A nurse instructor is educating students about the use of ethical agency in nursing practice. Which statements accurately represent the basic principles of ethics? Select all that apply.

• The ability to be ethical begins in childhood and develops gradually. • Ethics is a systematic inquiry into the principles of right and wrong conduct. • A commitment to developing one's ability to act ethically is known as one's ethical agency.

Which nursing actions best describe the use of the professional value of human dignity? Select all that apply.

• The nurse includes the client in developing the plan of care • A nurse provides privacy for an older adult client. • A nurse plans individualized nursing care for her clients. • A nurse refuses to discuss a client with a curious friend.

A nursing instructor is discussing The Code of Ethics with students. Which response indicates an understanding of the tenets of the Code of Ethics for Nurses? Select all that apply.

• The nurse maintains standards of personal conduct. • The nurse is active in developing a core of research based principles. • The nurse holds personal information as confidential.

A nurse seeks to incorporate the principle of bioethics known as nonmaleficence when caring for clients in a long-term care facility. Which nursing actions best exemplify this principle?

• The nurse performs regular client assessments for pressure ulcers. • The nurse follows "medication rights" when administering medicine to clients.

A nurse who is infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) accidentally gets a cut while debriding a wound, exposing the client to possible HIV infection. Failure of the nurse to report this incident violates which ethical principles? (Select all that apply.)

• nonmaleficence • veracity • fidelity