G. W. Williams, "An Open Letter to His Serene Majesty Leopold II, King of the Belgians and Sovereign of the Independent State of Congo"

What does Williams' report about the working conditions and wages of African soldiers there?

-Bad conditions, disease -Slept on bamboo rods -Promised British money -Paid in cloth and bad gin

George Washington Williams

-First African American elected to the Ohio State Legislature and was also the author of the first published history of African Americans.

What did Williams' observe about the methods which Stanley's agents used in the Congo to convince local kings to sign treaties?

-Treachery and lies 3 examples - Battery handshake -Cigar/sun trick -Gun trick: bullet down sleeve

Compare Williams' reports of cannibalism to the critique offered in the Keim reading for today (see below).

Williams: -Sold the slaves as food

How does Williams' description of Stanley's reputation in the Congo compare to Stanley's own speech to the Manchester Chamber of Commerce?

Williams: -Stanley did not have a great reputation -Africans disliked him and the white govt Speech: -Common sense