General Psychology 150: Chapter 2

myelin

The axons of many neurons have a fatty insulating sheath called __________.

axon

Neurons have a cell body, or soma; dendrite, which receive "message"; an __________, which extends from the cell body and transmits.

neurotransmitters

Neurons transmit messages to other neurons by means of chemical substances called __________.

electricity, neurotransmitters

"Messages" travel within neurons by means of __________ and from neuron to neuron by means of __________.

400

A neuron can fire up to a limit of about __________ times per second.

several feet.

An axon's length can range from a few millimeters to

sympathetic division of her autonomic nervous system.

An editor gets so upset that she is late in working on a manuscript that she throws up her lunch. This probably occurred because of activity of the

thyroxin

Ellen loses weight and becomes some what agitated. Her doctor is most likely to theorize that she is suffering from a deficiency of

Afferent neurons transmit the sensation of pain to the spinal cord and to the brain followed by efferent neurons sending the message to your foot to move.

If someone steps on your toes, resulting in pain and the movement of your foot, which of the following describes this process?

schizophrenia

It is theorized that people with the psychological disorder called __________ apparently overutilize the neurotransmitter dopamine.

Down

People with __________ syndrome have an extra chromosome on the 21st pair.

instincts

Stereotypical behavior patterns that have evolved within a species are called __________.

autonomic

The __________ nervous system regulates the glands and involuntary activities such as heartbeat and digestion.

monozygotic (identical)

The behavior of __________ twins is of special interest to psychologists because their genetic endowment is the same.

cerebellum

The brain structure called the __________ is involved in balance and coordination.

existence

The concept of a struggle for __________ lies at the core of the theory of evolution.

impairment of one's ability to comprehend speech and to think of the proper words to express his or her own thoughts.

Wernicke's aphasia causes

autonomic nervous system.

When Charlotte hears something embarrassing, she blushes. Being a student of psychology, she knows that this condition is controlled by the

Genes

__________ are the most basic building blocks of heredity.

Dizygotic twins

__________ develop when two ova are fertilized.