General Psychology Chapter 14 study guide

Which of the following individuals is demonstrating an optimistic outlook on life?

Carl, who tends to see the good in situations and always looks on the bright side of things.

Which pair of psychiatrists were responsible for developing the Social Readjustment Rating Scale?

Holmes and Rahe

Which of the following is an example of a primary appraisal of a stressor

Humphrey judges the man with the gun to be a moderate threat.

What is one of the major criticisms of the Social Readjustment Rating Scale?

It does not take into consideration how a person appraises an event.

How does positive affect differ from optimism?

Positive affect involves feeling, whereas optimism involves expectations.

According to three separate surveys, administered in 1983, 2006, and 2009, which statement about the relationship between stress and sex is the most accurate?

Women report experiencing more stress than men.

Which of the following is an example of the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

After wondering for months if he was going to lose his job, Nicolao begins to develop stomach ulcers.

________ is stress-reduction technique whereby electronic equipment measuring a person's involuntary (neuromuscular and autonomic) activity helps him gain a level of voluntary control over these processes

Biofeedback

During an encounter judged as stressful, cortisol is released by the ________.

adrenal glands

Alma has a serious disease in which the airways of her respiratory system become obstructed, leading to great difficulty expelling air from the lungs. Which disease does Alma have?

asthma

Which of the following is an example of eustress?

buying a new home

Noticing that you have difficulty concentrating during and after periods of prolonged stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ________ impact.

cognitive

While waiting to pay for his weekly groceries at the supermarket, Paul had to wait about 20 minutes in a long line at the checkout because only one cashier was n duty. When he was finally ready to pay, his debit card was declined because he did not have enough money left in his checking account. Because he had left his credit cards at home, he had to place the groceries back into the cart and head home to retrieve a credit card. While driving back to his home, traffic was backed uptwo miles due to an accident. These events that Paul had to endure are best characterized as ________. Question 9 options:

daily hassles

According to the Holmes and Rahe scale, which life event requires the greatest amount of readjustment?

death of spouse

The risk of heart disease is especially high among individuals with ________.

depression

Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart disease because it ________.

forces the heart to pump harder, which puts more physical strain on the heart

Developing stomach ulcers during a prolonged period of stress shows how stress can have a negative ________ impact.

physiological

Emotion-focused coping would likely be a better method than problem-focused coping for dealing with which of the following stressors?

terminal cancer

Negative effects of stress are most likely to be experienced when an event is perceived as ________.

threatening, and no clear options for dealing with it are apparent

The most dangerous characteristic of Type A behavior pattern seems to be ________

hostility

Which of the following is not a part of job burnout?

hostility

The process by which one's physiological defense system becomes less efficient at fighting illness is called ________ and this process is enhanced by elevated stress levels.

immunosuppression

The concept of learned helplessness was formulated by Seligman to explain the ________.

inability of dogs to attempt to escape avoidable shocks after having received inescapable shocks

Which option is the greatest risk factor for the development of burnout?

job strain

Which of the following is not one of the presumed components of happiness?

learning new skills

The white blood cells that attack foreign invaders to the body are called ________.

lymphocytes