General Psychology Test 4

What is the difference between sex and gender?

"sex" refers to the biological differences between males and females, such as the genitalia and genetic differences. "Gender" is more difficult to define but can refer to the role of a male or female in society (gender role), or an individual's concept of themselves (gender identity)

. What part of the brain is different in men and women?

A part of the hypothalamus (responsible for sexual behavior) is larger in males than in females. Some parts of the corpus callosum (the band of tissues that bridge the brain's two hemispheres) are larger in women than in men.

What is the definition of transsexual?

A person who emotionally and psychologically feels that they belong to the opposite sex.

What is sexual orientation? What are the different types?

A person's sexual identity in relation to the gender to which they are attracted; the fact of being heterosexual, homosexual, or bisexual.

What mental health professional can prescribe medication?

A psychiatrist is a medical doctor and the only professional that specializes in mental health care and can prescribe medications.

What is the gender schema theory?

According to gender schema theory, once children have formed a basic gender identity they start to develop gender schemas. Gender schemas are based on children's interactions and observations of others, their environment, and the culture. These gender schemas are used to organize and direct the child's behavior based on his or her society's gender norms and expectations related to the child's gender.

Who came up with the irrational beliefs theory?

Albert Ellis

What view of abnormality focuses on environmental molding of our actions?

Behaviour model

According to cognitive theorists, children learn gender roles how?

Believes children are active in achieving their own gender identity via cognitive development.

What is the definition of sexual discrimination?

Discrimination in employment and opportunity against a person (typically a woman) on grounds of sex.

Who is involved in family therapy?

Family therapy is a special form of group therapy, consisting of one or more families.

They focus on what is happening to a patient over what they patient is saying.

Gestalt therapists

the number of new cases that develop in a given period of time.

Incidence

. What is intersex?

Intersex" is a general term used for a variety of conditions in which a person is born with a reproductive or sexual anatomy that doesn't seem to fit the typical definitions of female or male.

When someone is experiencing significant distress in their life, they start abusing drugs, alcohol, food or sex to cope, they have lost someone or something important to them, something traumatic has happened, or thoughts of harming others or themselves.

Is when someone should seek therapy

What are jugglers?

Jugglers are parents or single parents that are going to school. They have to balance school and home responsibilities.

How are conversion disorder and Somatic symptom sidorder similar?

No medical condition can explain why the symptom(s) and the person suffers from distress and impairment in both disorders.

What is homophobia?

Prejudice and discrimination against individuals based solely on their sexual orientation.

What is sexism?

Prejudice and discrimination toward individuals based on their sex

a statistical concept referring to the number of cases of a disease that are present in a particular population at a given time

Prevalence

What is sexual harassment?

Sexually-based behavior that is knowingly unwanted and has an adverse effect of a person's employment status, interferes with a person's job performance, or creates a hostile or intimidating work environment

a form of mental illness that causes one or more bodily symptoms, including pain

Somatic symptom disorder

What is the cause of fetishism?

Some theorists believe that fetishism develops from early childhood experiences, in which an object was associated with a particularly powerful form of sexual arousal or gratification.

At the time of a crime, the accused has a mental defect and so: did not know the nature of quality of their crime at the time of offense (i.e. didn't know what they were doing), or knew what they were doing but didn't know that the criminal activity was wrong (i.e. didn't know right from wrong)

The M'Naughton rule

people engage in abnormal behavior because of particular thoughts and behaviors that are often based upon their false assumptions

The cognitive view of the cause of abnormality

Any behavior or emotion state that causes an individual great suffering, does not go away after reasonable length of time, is self-destructive, seriously impairs the person's ability to work or get along with others, or causes the to endanger others or the community.

The criteria of a mental health disorder

. What is adrenogenital syndrome?

The enlargement of the adrenal glands resulting primarily from excessive secretion of androgenic hormones by the adrenal cortex.

How is family therapy structured?

The therapist examines and discusses the boundaries and structure of the family: who makes the rules, who sleeps in the bed with whom, how decisions are made, and what are the boundaries within the family.

What theory is the Electra/Oedipal complex associated with?

They are related to the psychoanalytic theory.

According to the social learning theory, how do children learn gender roles?

They learn through their parents.

How do typical men and women divide childcare tasks?

They will usually try to divide childcare tasks equally.

How do you use extinction?

Use extinction to stop unwanted behavior

Used to treat anxiety disorders, alcohol withdrawal symptoms, or muscle spasms.

Valium

What four areas did Maccoby and Jacklin conclude are different in men and women?

Verbal ability, favouring females. Mathematical ability, favouring boys. Spatial-Visual ability, favouring boys. Aggression, with boys being more aggressive.

A set of phobias, often set off by a panic attack, involving the basic fear of being away from a safe place or person

agoraphobia

A personality disorder characterized by a lifelong pattern of irresponsible, antisocial behaviour such as lawbreaking, violence, and other impulsive, reckless acts, and lack of remorse for harms inflicted.

antisocial personality disorder

What family of drugs is diazepam?

benzodiazepine

the causes of normal as well as abnormal behaviors are a combination of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors

biopsychosocial view of abnormality

A disorder associated with episodes of mood swings ranging from depressive lows to manic highs.

bipolar disorder

when individual presents sensory or motor symptoms that do not have a medical explanation, "psychosomatic illness"

conversion disorder

the process of closing large asylums and integrating people back into the community where they can be treated locally.

deinstitutionalization

What type of drug is valium?

diazepam

Disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings

dissociative disorders

What did Dorothea Dix do?

exposed mistreatment of those who were diagnosed with mental illness or who were institutionalized in the 19th century. She fought for states to provide treatment for mentally ill patients, as originally on the wealthy could afford it.

a disorder when there is a pathological assignment of sexual fixation, fantasies or behaviors toward an inanimate object.

fetishism

a practice in psychoanalytic therapy in which a client is asked to freely share thoughts, random words, and anything else that comes to mind, regardless of how coherent or appropriate the thoughts are.

free association

Belief that person has serious illness despite medical findings to the contrary

illness anxiety disorder (hypochondriasis)

illogical, erroneous or distorted idea, firmly held despite objective contradictory evidence,

irrational beliefs

a patient who can work in therapy, a therapist who can work with his or her patient, and a relationship between the two that makes it possible for them to work together over time. The patient must be motivated to work in therapy.

is the key to psychotherapy

Psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes

mood disorders

More humane treatment of institutionalized patients.

moral therapy

A disorder in which a person feels trapped in repetitive, persistent thoughts and repetitive, ritualized behaviour.

obsessive-compulsive disorder

An anxiety disorder in which a person experiences recurrent panic attacks, periods of intense fear and feelings of impending doom or death, accompanied by physiological symptoms such as rapid heart rate and dizziness.

panic disorder

Sexual feelings directed toward children

pedophilia

Hallucinations, talking in disorganized and deluded ways, and exhibiting inappropriate laughter, tears, or rage

positive symptoms of schizophrenia

Any disorder in which a severely disturbed individual loses contact with reality

psychosis

It is the practice of blocking out certain feelings or memories.

resistance

A mood disorder characterized by depression that occurs at the same time every year.

seasonal affective disorder

A phobia where a person becomes extremely anxious in situations in which they will be observed by others.

social phobia

A condition affecting the nervous system, often caused by long-term use of some psychiatric drugs

tardive dyskinesia

Dopamine over activity; overabundance of glutamate; abnormal brain activity and anatomy; some have abnormally low brain activity in the frontal lobes (responsible for reasoning, planning, and problem solving)

the current belief about the cause of schizophrenia

What did Carl Rodgers think was the root cause of a person's problem?

the difference between their ideal and real self.

biological and physiological factors as causes of abnormal behavior, which is treated as a disease, or mental illness, and is diagnosed through symptoms and cured through treatment.

the medical view of abnormal behavior

When is systematic desensitization used?

to help a patient reduce their fear of something

Controlled setting where individuals are reinforced for desirable behaviors with tokens (e.g., poker chip) that be exchanged for items or privileges.

token economy system

sexual interest or desire to dress in clothes of the opposite sex

transvestic fetishism

Dream analysis is a therapeutic technique best known for its use in psychoanalysis.

type of therapist interprets dreams

False beliefs that cannot be corrected in spite of evidence, believe others are tormenting them, some believe their thoughts are controlled by someone else.

types of delusions of schizophrenia