General Science Module #15 Study Guide

What kind of cell helps the lymphatic system remember an infection so that it can fight the infection better next time?

Memory B-cells

Does it do any good to take a vaccine once you are sick with the disease the vaccine is supposed to fight?

No

Parathyroids

Produces a hormone that destroys bone to release calcium

Thymus

Produces a hormone that stimulates the production of T-cells

Adrenal

Produces cortisol, which causes the liver to release glucose into the blood

Pituitary

Produces hormones that control many of the endocrine glands

Thyroid

Produces hormones that regulate the basal metabolic rate

Pancreas

Produces insulin, which enables glucose to enter the cells

Urinary System

Regulates water balance and chemical levels in the blood

What two purposes does the tears serve?

Tears flush irritants out of your eyes and provides a chemical relief for sadness

How does lymph get pumped through the lymphatic system?

The contraction of muscles squeeze the lymph vessels

What gland produces tears?

The lacrimal gland

What kind of basic structures make up the lymphatic system?

The lymph vessels and lymph nodes

Which gland is often called the "master endocrine gland"?

The pituitary gland

What does a kidney do with any excess water or chemicals? Where do they go?

The water and chemicals go to the renal pelvis and then travel through the ureter to the bladder. It eventually leaves the body through the urethra.

Vaccine

A weakened or inactive version of a pathogen that stimulates the body's production of antibodies that can destroy the pathogen

What kind of cell in the lymph nodes produce antibodies?

B-cells

What three kinds of cells in the lymph nodes fight infection?

B-cells, T-cells, and macrophage

Explain how the kidney functions

Blood enters the kidney through the renal artery. The water and chemicals are dropped into the nephron. As the chemicals travel, the cells absorb the water and chemicals that get put back into the blood. Any water or chemicals left over are sent to the renal pelvis and out the kidney. The cleaned blood leaves through the renal vein.

Hypothalamus

Controls the pituitary gland

Endocrine System

Controls various functions by releasing hormones

What is the purpose of dialysis?

Dialysis is to use an artificial kidney

Lymphatic System

Fights disease

Gland

A group of cells that prepare and release a chemical for use by the body

Hormone

A chemical messenger released into the bloodstream that sends signals to distant cells, causing them to change their behavior in specific ways