Genetics

Imagine a species where there is a locus with two alleles, A and B. Further imagine that A and B are codominant. How many different phenotypes are possible in this species?

3

The DNA molecule is made up of ____ chemical bases.

4

Imagine an organism with three chromosomes. According to Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment, how many genetically different sex cells could this organism produce?

8

Traits that are due, in part, to multiple loci are known as _________ traits.

polygenic

Individuals whose blood type is A and who carry both dominant and recessive genes at this locus have a genotype of:

AO.

DNA replication takes place only during the production of new gametes.

False

Darwin did not know about genes but believed that traits passed from parents to offspring by particles called

Gemules.

Uniformitarianism, an important idea in geology, was proposed by these two scientists.

Hutton and Lyell

Base A pairs with

T

_________ genes regulate embryonic development.

The woman must have genotype AO and the man must have genotype BO.

The complete set of genes in an individual cell is called the genome.

True

The assertion that each parent provides one allele for any inherited trait is known as the Law of Segregation.

True.

For the human sex chromosomes, males have

an X chromosome and a Y chromosome.

Hox genes:

appear to function in similar ways across diverse groups of organisms.

Proteins consist of:

chains of amino acids.

DNA sequences are found in long chains known as

chromosomes.

Mendel's experiments with pea plants showed that crossing plants with yellow seeds with plants with green seeds produced only offspring with yellow seeds. This finding illustrates the principle of

dominance

Somatic cells are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:

each contains half a copy of an organism's DNA.

Prokaryotes have multiple cells while eukaryotes have one.

false

The largest organelles in a cell are the mitochondria.

false

An offspring with the chromosome pair XX will be

female

An individual that is homozygous at the locus that determines ABO blood type may have any of the following EXCEPT:

type AB blood.

In RNA, _________ replaces thymine as a nucleotide base.

uracil

Nucleotide bases in nuclear DNA include all of the following EXCEPT:

uracil.

The study of taxonomy was enriched by the work of

Carolus Linnaeus.

If one side of the DNA ladder includes the sequence CTAATGT, the complementary base configuration for this sequence will be

GATTACA.

In his experiments with garden peas, Mendel found that one physical unit is inherited from the father and one from the mother. This provided evidence for:

Mendel's law of segregation.

is responsible for transporting genetic information to the site of protein synthesis.

Messenger RNA

____________ DNA is heteroplasmic, meaning it can differ among different parts of a person's body.

Mitochondrial DNA.

If a man and a woman who both have the AB blood phenotype have a child, the one blood type that child cannot have is

O

If you wanted to sequence the genome of Ötzi, the 5,300-year-old "Iceman" mummy found in the Alps in 1991, which method would you be most likely to use?

PCR - polymerase chain reaction.

The ABO blood group has three alleles (A, B, O) where A and B are codominant and O is recessive. How can a woman with type A blood and a man with type B blood have a child with type O blood?

The woman must have genotype AO and the man must have genotype BO.

One chemical difference between DNA and RNA is that RNA has the base ___ instead of the base T

U.

The four forces of evolution are

gene flow, genetic drift, mutation, and natural selection.

Gametes are

haploid

Blocks of genetic material that do not recombine and are passed on for generations are called

haplotypes

One of the theories put forth to explain the evolution of modern humans is that Homo sapiens arose more or less simultaneously in a variety of major geographical locales in the Old World (Europe, Africa, and Asia) through interbreeding of populations. A criticism of this theory based on the forces of evolution is that

here would have been insufficient gene flow among the relatively few Homo sapiens in the world to maintain a single gene pool.

During a visit to the circus, you and a friend stumble into a tent with a "freaks of nature" display. Your friend points out a photograph of a man whose left arm is protruding from his left hip rather than from his shoulder. You explain to your friend that this condition was likely caused by a mutation in the man's

homeotic genes

Human ABO blood types are:

is the proportion of its variation that is genetic.

The presence of a recessive allele:

is usually masked in the phenotype.

This figure demonstrates _______________, the inheritance of a package of genes from the same chromosome.

linkage

You and your roommate learned that you shared the same maternal ancestor 15,000 years ago in Europe after doing a genetic analysis on your respective...

mtDNA

The only source of new genetic material is

mutation.

Homeotic (Hox) genes are

responsible for the development and location of key body parts.

According to Linnean taxonomy, the most specific category and level shared by humans, gorillas, and howler monkeys is

suborder Anthropoidea.

In mammals, the male parent's gametes determine the sex of his offspring because:

the Y chromosome is present in males only.

A doctor finds that the mammary glands of a woman are not functioning due to a genetic abnormality that influences the structural design of the thoracic cavity. This is likely:

the result of a mutation on a Hox gene.

In protein synthesis, ___________ refers to "unzipping" the DNA and ____________ refers to the formation of polypeptide chains.

transcription/translation