Genetics Ch 22 & 23

What is a sequence-tagged site?

A DNA sequence that can be amplified uniquely by PCR

What is an artificial chromosome?

A cloning vector that can accept large DNA inserts and be passed on like a chromosome in a living cell

What is a molecular marker?

A segment of DNA that can be uniquely identified using molecular tools

What is a microsatellite?

A short DNA sequence repeated many times in a row

In a FISH experiment, what molecule is incorporated into the single-stranded DNA probes that later allows for detection of the probes?

Biotin

How can eukaryotic chromosomes be distinguished from one another in the microscope?

Chromosomes can be treated with dyes that produce unique banding patterns for each chromosome.

Which of the following processes is used for physical mapping? Cloning fragments of chromosomal DNA Calculating the frequency of recombination between two genetic loci Hybridizing biotin-containing single-stranded DNA probes to chromosomal DNA

Cloning fragments of chromosomal DNA

What is subcloning?

Cloning of a small DNA fragment from a larger DNA fragment that was previously cloned

What type of vector contains features of both a plasmid and phage λ DNA?

Cosmid

What does the term mapping mean in the context of genetics?

Determining the locations of genes along individual chromosomes

What stain is used to produce banding patterns on chromosomes so that the location of a bound probe in a FISH experiment can be compared to banded chromosomes?

Geisma

Select components found in a BAC cloning vector. All three structural genes of the lac operon Genes that encode proteins required for the proper segregation of the vector Gene that encodes X-Gal Restriction enzyme sites Antibiotic resistance gene Origin of replication

Genes that encode proteins required for the proper segregation of the vector Restriction enzyme sites Antibiotic resistance gene Origin of replication

The location of a fluorescently-labeled probe relative to the banding pattern of a chromosome is determined by comparing the results of a FISH experiment to a sample of chromosomes that have been stained with ____.

Giemsa

The location of a fluorescently-labeled probe relative to the banding pattern of a chromosome is determined by comparing the results of a FISH experiment to a sample of chromosomes that have been stained with ____.

Giesma

Which of the following techniques is commonly used for cytogenetic mapping? Pedigree analysis Chromosome walking Shotgun sequencing In situ hybridization

In situ hybridization

Which of the following statements about the inheritance of microsatellite markers are correct? Microsatellites that are not linked will tend to be transmitted together to the same offspring. Microsatellites that are not linked will assort independently. Microsatellites that are linked tend to be transmitted together to the same offspring. Microsatellites that are linked will assort independently.

Microsatellites that are not linked will assort independently. Microsatellites that are linked tend to be transmitted together to the same offspring.

Which mapping strategy involves cloning many pieces of DNA and characterizing their sizes and relative locations along a chromosome?

Physical mapping

Which of the following is an accurate description of shotgun sequencing?

Random DNA fragments are sequenced, and overlapping parts of the sequence are identified.

What is represented in a genetic map?

The locations of genes or other DNA segments along a chromosome

What is the goal of a genome-sequencing project?

To determine the DNA sequence of the entire genome of a given species

What is the goal of physical mapping?

To determine the order of overlapping DNA clones from a chromosome

What is the goal of cytogenetic mapping?

To localize a gene to a site within a chromosomal banding pattern

A cloning vector that can accommodate a large DNA insert and behave like a chromosome when it is inside a living cell is called a(n) _____ chromosome.

artificial

Cytogeneticists can distinguish one chromosome from another based on the _______ patterns that are obtained when chromosomes are treated with certain dyes.

banding

The presence of two bands corresponding to a sequence-tagged site that has been amplified by PCR and subjected to gel electrophoresis indicates that the ______.

cell was heterozygous for the STS

In situ hybridization is a technique that is often used for Blank______ mapping.

cytogenetic

The type of mapping in which a gene is localized to a site within a chromosomal banding pattern is ______ mapping.

cytogenetic

Determination of the locations of specific sequences relative to bands on chromosomes

cytogenetic mapping

A technique called chromosome painting can be used to Blank______.

determine the location of several fluorescently labeled probes simultaneously

During FISH, the location of a bound probe can be detected through the emission of _____ light

fluorescent

The general name for a diagram that shows the relative locations of genes or other DNA segments along a chromosome is a(n) _____ map.

genetic

The total genetic composition of an organism or species is its

genome

The field of study in which the entire genome of a species is analyzed is called

genomics

A technique called ____ ____ hybridization can be used to localize a gene of interest due to the ability of a cloned DNA sequence to hybridize to a chromosome through complementary base pairing.

in situ

During in situ hybridization, a DNA probe made from a cloned gene binds to Blank______.

its complementary sequence on a particular chromosome

An organism's genome is Blank______.

its total genetic composition

The mapping technique that relies on the frequency of recombinant offspring for determination of the distance between genetic loci is ____ mapping

linkage

Determining the relative locations of genes on a chromosome based on their frequency of genetic recombination

linkage mapping

The tendency of different microsatellites to be transmitted together to the same offspring indicates that the microsatellites are Blank______.

linked

A fluorescent microscope is used to detect bound DNA probes in FISH. To detect the fluorescent molecules, the sample is illuminated with fluorescent light, and then the fluorescent molecule emits light at a(n) ____ wavelength, which is transmitted and detected.

longer

In genetics, the experimental process of determining the relative locations of genes or other DNA segments along individual chromosomes is referred to as

mapping

A short repetitive DNA sequence, such as a dinucleotide sequence repeated many times in a row, is called a(n) Blank______.

microsatelite

A segment of DNA that is located at a specific site along a chromosome and that has properties that allow it to be uniquely identified using molecular tools is called a(n) ____ marker.

moleecular

A microsatellite can be amplified by PCR using primers that are located Blank______ the microsatellite.

on both sides

If DNA is collected from a haploid cell, how many bands will be produced by an STS that is amplified by PCR and subjected to gel electrophoresis?

one

The locations of several probes labeled with different fluorescent molecules can be determined simultaneously in a type of FISH experiment called chromosome ____.

painting

The locations of several probes labeled with different fluorescent molecules can be determined simultaneously in a type of FISH experiment called chromosome _______.

painting

A cosmid is a hybrid between ______.

phage λ DNA and a plasmid

Identifying overlapping cloned DNA fragments in a DNA library and determining the relative order of these fragments is a goal of _____ mapping.

physical

Geneticists use several types of mapping strategies to identify the locations of genes. The approach that relies on DNA cloning techniques and allows computation of distances in base pairs is _____ mapping. The technique that is based on recombination frequencies between genes is _____ mapping. The technique that locates genes relative to bands on chromosomes that are visible by microscopy is _____ mapping.

physical ; linkage ; cytogenetic

Determining the locations of genes and other DNA sequences using DNA cloning techniques

physical mapping

The strategy in which a gene is cloned based on its mapped location along a chromosome is called ____ cloning.

positional

To analyze a microsatellite sequence, a scientist must first amplify it by PCR. This requires the use of PCR ___ that flank the repeated sequence in the microsatellite.

primers

In linkage mapping, the distance between sites on the same chromosome is determined by calculating the frequency of Blank______.

recombinant offspring

A DNA library is a collection of ______.

recombinant vectors containing various fragments of chromosomal DNA.

A site that can be uniquely amplified by PCR is called a(n) ____-____ site, or STS.

sequence-tagged site

Genomics is the molecular analysis of Blank______.

the entire genetic composition of a species.