GEO 1-3

The emphasis on participation in participatory development came about in reaction to a history of ___________ development projects that left local people with little to no sense of ownership of the projects undertaken by outsiders in their communities.

top-down

A name of a place, or place-name, is referred to as a?

toponym

All maps are distorted in area size or direction or both. They are all inaccurate. T/F?

true

Fieldwork and field studies are still critical to research by geographers in the 21st century. T/F?

true

Some countries in the textbook appear in more than one region. T/F?

true

In 1945, following the world wars, this organization had 51 member countries; in 2015, membership has grown to 193 members?

united nations

The relative importance of cities over smaller towns and rural areas is referred to as?

urban heirarchies

The perception of place refers to a way people construct their ideas about?

what a place is like

Which of the following offers a geography for dependency theory by depicting the world in terms of the core, semiperiphery, and periphery?

world-systems theory

According to a 2008 European Commission study, what percentage of the world's population is more than two days travel time from a city of 50,000 people or more?

10 percent

In 2014, scientists estimated that what percentage of the air pollution in Los Angeles, California, actually originated in China?

12 to 24 percent

Globalization of the world's people and places began about?

1500

Following World War II, many formerly colonized countries became independent states. Where was the greatest concentration of these countries?

Africa and Asia

Most fair trade goods are produced in Latin America, especially Mexico, but certified fair trade production is expanding rapidly in __________ ?

Africa and Asia

A number of social scientists suggest that we should measure more than wealth in our assessment of development. What else should we access?

All: literacy, life expectancy, and infant mortality

Most developed countries are located in the Northern Hemisphere. Which of the following are notable exceptions?

Australia and New Zealand

Which country has the highest Gross National Income (GNI) in South America?

Chile

Which of the following is a good example of a country that moved from the periphery to the semperiphery as it increasingly engaged in manufacturing and became a major global exporter, as exemplified by the heavy freight traffic in Hong Kong Harbor?

China

Why do some scholars think China will supersede the United States as the dominant world superpower?

China has grown as a global epicenter of manufacturing, and its entrepreneurs are some of the biggest investors in the world

There were two waves of colonialism between 1500 and 1975. Which of the following is not true of the first wave (1500-1825)?

Economies were focused on tourism

What does the term Scramble for Africa refer to?

European powers arbitrarily divided the world's second-largest continent among themselves

Due to every sovereign state having a vote, the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) tend to be more democratic that the United Nations (UN). T/F?

False

Economic growth always leads to broad-based improvements in the human condition. T/F?

False

What is the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere?

Haiti

Which of the following is a term often used by geographers to describe the dominance of one state on the global stage?

Hegemon

What tool assesses life expectancy, literacy, years of schooling, and per capita GDP?

Human Development Index

Which of the following is not one of the three financial institutions that came into existence as a result of the Bretton Woods conference at the close of World War II?

International Reserve Bank

Which of the following is not a criticism of weak sustainable development?

It requires reconceptualizing development as a process that does not include increasing consumption

Which of the following is not true about the earthquake that hit Haiti in 2010?

It would have been worse if the country had not enacted tough building codes in 1985

Globalization included colonial empires such as the Ottoman in Southwest Asia, the French in the Maghreb, and the _____________ in the Pacific?

Japanese

The 45-degree line of the ______ curve represents perfect equality, where equal portions of the population control equal amounts of income?

Lorenz

Which of the following pairs are two of the wealthiest countries in the world that are also landlocked?

Luxembourg and Switzerland

Identify the correct trade flow in the triangular trading system amongst Europe → Africa → the Americas → Europe, which ultimately helped establish the foundations of the capitalized world economy.

Manufactured goods, slaves, commodities (cotton, tobacco, rice, etc.)

In early history (dating back to the Greeks and Romans), the primary purpose or reason for colonialism was?

Need for resources and tribute

The first wave of colonialism was sparked by these European colonial powers?

Spain and Portugal

Political scientists outlined four hegemons between 1500 and 2000. Select the correct match of country and century below.

Spain—1500s; the Netherlands—1600s; Great Britain—1700s and 1800s; and the United States—1900s

Which of the following is not consistent with strong globalization?

States (countries) play an increasingly significant role in world trade

What is the practical result of the UN Security Council being dominated by only five countries (the United States, France, the United Kingdom, China, and Russia) with permanent seats and veto power?

The Security Council's decisions are some of the most politicized

Which of the following is the most remote place in the world (in terms of the number of people who live far from a city of 50,000 or more)?

The Tibetan Plateau

Another way to consider development is to measure the variability of human well-being (education, health, gender equality) in space. T/F?

True

Geographers have tended to describe development as a process of change in the composition of an economy of a particular region and the well-being of its inhabitants, relative to other areas. T/F?

True

Geographers use scale conceptually to show the differences across geographic areas. T/F?

True

Nations within countries are not granted representation in the United Nations (UN), making it difficult for these groups to gain independence. Some examples include the Kurds of Iran, Iraq, Turkey, and Syria; the Tibetans of China; or the Basques of Spain and France. T/F?

True

The Opium War (1839-1842) between Great Britain and China originated when the Chinese banned opium sales in China due to public health concerns. However, Britain's main concern was the huge trade deficit it was running with China. T/F?

True

The World Bank was initially created to provide loans for reconstruction and development following World War II. T/F?

True

The new institutions and development programs after World War I set the tone for how we have thought about development since. T/F?

True

The world climate regions as classified and defined by _______________ and modified by Alan Arbogast may be used to denote regions?

Wladimir Koppen

Approximately, how many landlocked countries are in the world?

above 40 (43)

As a country or area develops, the nature of the economy changes or progresses through a series of stages. Select the correct order of these stages.

agricultural, industrial, service

The influence of human behavior on earth since the Industrial Revolution in the late 1700s is so significant that it constitutes a new geological era called the?

anthropocene

During the Age of Exploration, stretching from the 1400s to the 1900s, which of the following regions was the focal point for global trade and exchange of culture?

atlantic

Geographers often describe the nature of economies in terms of primary, secondary, and tertiary economic activities. Which of the following is not part of primary activities?

automative manufacturing

Which of the following is the negative impact on a region from economic growth in another region?

backwash effect

The divide between the Global North (developed countries) and the Global South (developing countries) is a _______________ categorization between wealthy and poorer countries?

both socioeconomic and political

What is the cheapest method to transport heavy goods and materials?

by sea

_________ is the subdiscipline of geography concerned with the construction of maps?

cartography

Which of the following could a physical geographer study?

climate and landforms

What is the leading fair trade product?

coffee

One way geographers have thought about scale is by using ________ circles to represent the finest resolution of scale, from the individual at the center out to the global scale?

concentric

The visible imprint of people on the surface of the earth is seen in the ___________ landscape?

cultural

Although people in remote locations have gained connection through Internet access and mobile phone usage, there is a notable gap between the average bandwidth and accessibility, creating what is referred to as the?

digital divide

Which of the following refers to situations in which two areas are in relationship with one another (through trade, for example), and one area is developing at the expense of the other?

dualism

Which of the following is not consistent with weak globalization?

emerged since the 1970s

Transportation networks may be intentionally designed to?

enhance connectivity for some communities while marginalizing others

The physical context of the earth refers to?

environment

Geographers went through their own period where they used environmental differences to explain everything from intelligence to wealth. What is this set of theories called?

environmental determinism

The map of world religions demonstrates the role of ______________ diffusion of ideas?

expansion

Landlocked countries face particular exporting problems because both time and money are required to cross country borders, making transportation?

expensive

While wealthier economies may appear to be cleaner, much of this gain may be the result of ___________ dirty industries to other countries (hence, there is no net gain for the global environment).

exporting

There is basically one way to correctly regionalize the world in geography textbooks. T/F?

false

Geographers often describe the nature of economies in terms of primary, secondary, and tertiary economic activities. Which of the following is not part of secondary activities?

fishing

Geographers often describe the nature of economies in terms of primary, secondary, and tertiary economic activities. Which of the following is not part of tertiary activities?

forestry

A climate region of the world is a ________________ region?

formal

What is an area of land distinguished by either cultural or physical traits or criteria?

formal region

A public school district in the United States is a _________________ region?

functional

Improvements in a country's natural resource base often ________ development.

furthers

Which of the following describes the process of heightening interactions, increasing interdependence, and deepening relations across country boundaries?

globalization

The process of a company adapting its product to meet the demands of local culture is known as?

glocalization

Several components in the atmosphere are responsible for the greenhouse effect, including water vapor, methane, ozone, nitrous oxides, carbon dioxide, and other trace gases. Collectively, these are known as?

greenhouse gases

The __________ per capita is the most widely accepted way of measuring wealth by countries in the world today because the statistic tries to account for the flow of wealth in our globalized world?

gross national income

The origin or place that a new good or service is initially produced is referred to as the?

hearth

The spread of Christianity from its hearth in Jerusalem to people and lands along the northern Mediterranean Sea is a good example of?

hierarchical diffusion

We can see places that were tied together and places that were not, by studying?

historical spatial interaction

Which of the following describes a type of transportation network where a few large, central nodes are connected to smaller points?

hub-and-spoke system

Research in new regional geography sees regions as?

human constructs

A study of migrant workers from Indonesia going to Saudi Arabia is a study of?

human geography

The two major fields of study within geography are physical geography and?

human geography

In general, Americans change their behavior by increasing their use of public transportation and purchasing more fuel-efficient vehicles...?

in response to a significant increase in gasoline prices

What fueled the second wave of colonization in the second half of the nineteenth century?

industrialization

Suburbs, large roads, limited sidewalks, and a near lack of public transportation characterize the United States. These aspects are largely the result of?

inexpensive oil prices

What is the significance of the Brundtland Commission Report of 1987?

it defined and popularized sustainable development

Colonizers focused on gaining lands to establish large-scale agricultural production in the Americas and to establish trading posts for the Atlantic slave trade in Africa and ports for the spice trade in Asia. What best describes this trading system?

it had global reach

The effects of global climate change will be distributed unevenly across the planet. Which of the following is not a factor contributing to the vulnerability of a group of people?

level of education

One method of finding absolute location on a map is by using?

longitude and latitude

What does MAUP stand for?

modifiable areal unit problem

Besides being problematic in its own right, top-down development often experienced a lack of __________ that inhibited the longer-term sustainability of programs because local people had little interest in maintaining projects they did not initiate or request?

participation

__________ (or per person) basis allows comparisons between countries regardless of population size?

per capita

A region that people may imagine to exist, such as "Dixie," is a?

perceptual

Interpreting the impact of tectonic activity on the landforms of East Africa would probably be the work of a ______________ geographer?

physical

The uniqueness of a location and its shaping refers to?

place

Using physical geography to define world regions, a geographer may use?

precipitation

A major obstacle that developing countries often face is the problem of being stuck as a producer of raw materials, or stuck in an economy dominated by the _______ sector?

primary

Which of the following is not one of the most common measurements of wealth?

purchasing power

A transportation network that favors movement to and from a central point or location, such as a capital city to a residential area, is known as what type of network?

radial network

There are two basic types of maps: thematic maps and ______________ maps?

reference

Understanding the context behind the transmission of AIDS in Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America is using a _____________approach?

regional

The study of oxisols in the tropics is an example of research and understanding in?

regional geography

Development ideas that emphasize structure, or the global framework under which countries operate, say that the _______ between countries are as or more important than internal policies for determining the future development of a country?

relationships

Collecting data for research or mapping by using instruments that are far from the area of study is called?

remote sensing

Multiple regions exist within a large area such as Africa (West Africa, East Africa, etc.). This is an example of the importance of _____________ in the study of regions?

scale

Local factors have a significant influence on a place; two geographic terms that describe these local factors are?

site and situation

Geography is the study of people, place, environment and?

space

What do abstract connections and constructs of time, distance, and relations refer to?

space

What is the degree of contact between people and places?

spatial interaction

____________ development meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

sustainable

Modern colonialism began in fifteenth-century Europe. It was different from the Roman or any other preceding empire because the focus in this modern era was specifically on gaining?

territory

As a percentage of GNI, which of the following countries contributes the most total dollars in foreign aid?

the US

We often perceive regions to exist even though we have never been to them. A strong example of regional perception in the United States is?

the south

To "maintain international peace and security," "to develop friendly relations among nations," to "achieve international cooperation" in order to solve economic and social problems, and to "be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations in the attainment of these common ends," was the mission statement for this organization following World War II?

the united nations

Relative locations of places are shown on what type of map?

thematic

_____________ means considering and understanding the context of what is going on in the world?

thinking geographically

Understanding World Regional Geography is designed to highlight 24?

threshold concepts

Which of the following describes the process that accelerates the experience of time and reduces the significance of distance in information technology networks?

time-space compression

Ideas and goods diffuse from the hearth first..?

to places most connected to the hearth

Which of the following is not one of the leading fair trade products?

tobacco