GEO 350 Quiz 2
What is the population of Calgary?
1 million
What is the population of Edmonton?
1 million
What is the population of Ottawa?
1 million
What percent of the population does Megalopolis contain?
17
What is the population of Vancouver?
2 million
What is the population of Montreal?
4 million
What is the population of Toronto?
6 million
How many people are in the Northeast Megalopolis?
64.5 million
What is the population of Kitchener?
675, 847
What is the population of Hamilton?
786, 184
What is the population of Winnipeg?
834, 678
What is the population of Quebec City?
839, 311
Define bag fees
A fee charged to use a plastic bag designed to reduce waste and generate income to improve the environment
What is a storm surge?
A large amount of water that enters inland and causes damage
Define Combined Statistical Area
A metropolitan area composed of surrounding metropolitan and micropolitan areas
What type of land is under pressure in Megalopolis due to high land values and urban growth?
Agricultural
What are sources of pollution in the Chesapeake Bay?
Agricultural runoff from the Delmarva Peninsula, trash from Pennsylvania and Maryland, and air pollution from Megalopolis
Define drowned rivers
Ancient river mouths and valleys resulting from rising sea level over the past 12,000 years
Why were many of the cities in the Bos Wash Corridor settled?
Because of the natural harbors
Why does Quebec have a large Irish-French population
Because when it was army-based, Canada bought Irish women to populate the French soldiers
What is the Canadian shield?
Bedrock around the Hudson that is poor for farming
The reason that Greenwich Village and Chelsea in New York City are not as built up as the Wall Street area is
Bedrock is too far below to support high rises
What are the major cities in the Bos Was Corridor?
Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and D.C.
Which NYC borough is most populous?
Brooklyn
The 1879 National Policy has defined the Canadian economy. What did it do?
Build and protect Canada's industry and goods
Where is the Canadian Corridor located?
By the Great Lakes
Define portage
Carrying boats and supplies over land between navigable waterways
Much of the Atlantic coastal areas were once tidal swamps and wetlands. They were originally cleared in order to
Convert to agricultural land
Why did New York City became the premier port city?
Deep harbor coastal position and access to the interior
From a Great Lakes point of view, how have invasive species influenced global trade and the ecology of regions? How are invasive species in the Great Lakes being impacted by climate change?
Food supply was largely affected by the spike in invasive species. This was seen in fish supply when an influx of zebra mussels reduced spawning of fish. This is just one example of ecosystems being disrupted. Invasive species are prompted largely by humans and many have been brought in via the St. Lawrence. Some researchers fear that invasive species in the Great Lakes may dominate the ecosystem, but others suggest that cold-water species will do better with climate change, pushing out the invasive species.
The landscape features of Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket were largely due to all of the following
Glaciers, wind, and waves
The region outlined (a big C) is one of the wealthiest in Canada. For this reason among others, it is known as the:
Golden Horseshoe
The building of "green" LEED certified buildings has been enhanced because of
Government requirements for public buildings
Was the storm surge in Hurricane Sandy at high or low tide?
High tide
Which storm caused a lot of damage to NYC?
Hurricane Sandy
What is a downside of Coastal Plain?
It is vulnerable to climate change
What does the Fall Line do in the Bos Wash Corridor?
It stops major cities like D.C. from coming any further inland
Which NYC borough has 40% of the nation's office space?
Manhattan
Define transit-oriented development
Mixed-use development designed to be easily accessible by public transit
Which Canadian city was established as a break in bulk point on the St. Lawrence River, the city thrived as a center of drinking and nightlife during Prohibition in the United States?
Montreal
What is the last stop on the St. Lawrence before break in bulk?
Montreal, Quebec
During the early decades of the nineteenth century, cotton and woolen textile mills were dominant in
New England on smaller streams
Which are the three East Coast cultural Hearths?
New England, Mid-Atlantic, and Tidewater
Which cities are along the Bos Wash Fall Line?
New York, Baltimore, Philadelphia, Wilmington, D.C., Richmond, Durham, Raleigh, Columbia, August, Macon, Columbus, and Montgomery
At the founding of Canada in 1867, which provinces were part of the original British North America Act?
Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick
Which Canadian city originally was an organically growing city, after it was designated the federal capital, it became a planned urban area with parks and bike paths?
Ottawa
What is the capital of Canada?
Ottawa, Ontario
The largest city in North America during the eighteenth century was
Philadelphia
What was the city best situated in the nineteenth century to compete with New York for the premier position in culture, population, and trade?
Philadelphia
Define break in bulk
Portaging when rivers are congested
The largest city in the Narragansett Basin is
Providence
While there are francophone pockets across the country, the province where French is the most spoken is
Quebec
Which Canadian City was the first permanent French settlement in Quebec, the original walled city today is a UNESCO World Heritage Site?
Quebec City
Which NYC borough is the residential borough with about 50% immigrants and 2 airports?
Queens
What is Piedmont?
Rock, continental crust
Historically, the premier religion in Quebec has been
Roman-catholic
What was the religious influence of the Irish-French population?
Roman-catholic
What is Coastal Plain?
Sediment
Which NYC borough is the only mainland one?
The Bronx
The name of the physiographic feature denoted on the map is
The Niagara Escarpment
Which megalopolis in the U.S is most populous?
The Northeast
The major water corridor connecting Canada to the rest of the world is:
The St. Lawrence River
What is the Bos Wash Corridor?
The area from Boston to D.C. that is interconnected by urban sprawl
Why did the founders choose to build a new capital city instead of using New York or Philadelphia? How was the city designed and what difficulties has it faced in it's planning throughout history?
The capital was chosen in Maryland because they couldn't go further South due to political tensions and slaveholding. The city was designed to be 10 square miles on hilly and marshy land. It only held a few federal buildings and was only ever housed when Congress met. The beltway highway was built to bypass the crowded streets, but became the primary road and also became congested
What were determining factors for the growth of Philadelphia and New York City? Why did New York surpass Philadelphia as the largest city in the US?
The determining factors were access and use of waterways. Agriculture and access to the interior played a role. NYC passed Philly when the Erie Canal was brought to NYC along with it's deep harbor, coastal position, and access to the interior
What is the Canadian Corridor?
The farmland area that Canada can use to grow food
Define fall line
The line where the coastal plain meets the piedmont, characterized by waterfalls and rapids
The Quiet Revolution in Quebec was a time that
The provincial government of Quebec replaced the Catholic Church as protector of the French culture
What is a large threat to NYC?
The way that it is built, it can easily be taken out by a large storm
Define rift valley
landform created by the sinking of land between two faults
What was the effect of the Quiet Revolution in Quebec? How did it change the province? What happened in 1995 in Quebec?
There was a great debate on if Quebec should leave the country of Canada. It really, really divided the country. When it voted, 93.5% of the country voted. 50.58% voted no, 49.42% voted yes, so literally by 2% the no's won. The older generation and extremists wanted to leave. Those that wanted to leave also wanted to use Canadian currency and passports...which really defeats the purpose and could have led to a lot of animosity. The leader of those who wanted to leave was not as in favor of this and not having the same reasoning behind it as the rest of everyone.
Megalopolis cities were often built following the old organic city layout. This has benefitted the cities today in which way?
They follow earlier transportation methods and are therefore more compact
Where were the people that were killed in Hurricane Sandy in NYC?
Those that were underground, in the subway, basements, car parks, etc.
What is the most populous Canadian city?
Toronto
Which Canadian city is the largest city in Canada, it struggles with challenges like traffic and waste disposal?
Toronto
How might climate change impact this region? Give at least two specific examples.
Trees might begin to grow in areas that they didn't before, this is called forest shifting. In addition, it might adjust the microclimates found in the Canadian Corridor and change the way the farmland is used.
What is most of the land consisting of in the Bos Wash Corridor?
Urban sprawl, not a lot of nature
Why is Niagara Falls moving?
Water erodes the rock and land
What can happen in terms of flooding with sea levels and climate change?
Water expands and takes up more space so a storm that isn't even close to Sandy size can cause flooding
Define seigneurs
a feudal lord who owned a large estate due to a land grant from the French king
Define long lots
a land division system that gives access to transportation arteries for the maximum number of farms
Define locks
a part of a waterway enclosed by gates and used to raise and lower boats
Define cultural hearth
an area from which cultural traits, ideas, and technology develop and diffuse to other areas
Define Pine Barrens
A New Jersey region of 650,000 acres and a low population density that has remained virtually intact due to its poor soils
What is the Niagara Escarpment?
A cliff like feature that drains into Niagara Falls. It is difficult to move past
What were some of the factors that have made Megalopolis a prime region for sustainable initiatives? Provide some examples
Acid rain, air pollution, overcrowding, urban sprawl; the megalopolis is very populated and is ideal for transit-oriented development, it already has the most mass transport so they an continue to reduce their carbon footprint and increase property values; There were blackouts here that called for upgraded infrastructure so they purchased green power for renewable energy; purchase of wind offsets which reduces greenhouse gas emissions
What direction is Niagara Falls moving?
Backwards upriver
Located on the Chesapeake Bay, this Megalopolis city has lost about one third of its population since the 1950s
Baltimore
What was the effect of the storm surge of Hurricane Sandy on NYC?
Battery Park flooded, people underground were killed by around 8ft of water
Why does Montreal have a large population?
Because it is the last stop on the St. Lawrence before break in bulk
What is the Fall Line in the Bos Wash Corridor made of?
Piedmont and Coastal Plain
There is a part of Canada that contains 60 percent of the people and only 2 percent of the land. This region is partially located along what river?
St. Lawrence
Which NYC borough is most suburban and least populated?
Staten Island
The impacts of acid rain include
Stressing plants, deteriorating buildings, and acidifying lakes