GEOG 1303

According to a 2008 European Commission study, what percentage of the world's population is more than two days travel time from a city of 50,000 people or more?

10%

All human life began in Africa and started to migrate out about ____________ years ago.

150,000

Globalization of the world's people and places began about?

1500

Indonesia is composed of over _____ islands that stretch over 3,000 miles from west to east and a population that speaks over ____ vernacular or local languages.

17000, 600

Australia was first settled by the British with convict ships in 1788. It was recognized as an independent country in _____.

1901

British influence and later rule in South Asia started in the 1600s and ended in the ______ when Pakistan and India became independent.

1940s

During the Cold War until ______ Europe was divided into East and West by the Iron Curtain

1989

How many years of military service are required for males in South Korea?

2 years

With approximately ____________ percent of the world's population and less than _________ percent of the world's arable land, China has a need to generate higher agriculture outputs.

20:10

The greenhouse effect keeps the earth at a livable temperature. About how many degrees Fahrenheit (33 degrees Celsius) cooler would earth be without the greenhouse effect?

30

The Canadian Shield or the Laurentian Plain is the geologic center of the North American continent and covers approximately what percentage of Canada

40%

How many people depend on the Mekong as a source of drinking water, irrigation, and fish

65 million

There are over 1 billion Hindus in the world. About what percentage live in India

90%

In the late 1400s when Europeans arrived in the Americas, about how many people already populated the continent

90-112 million

Which disease is not a vector-transmitted disease

AIDS/HIV

The three large monotheistic faiths of the world all began in this region. They are collectively called

Abrahamic Faiths

Pakistan is a highly populated Islamic country in South Asia. One of the three major ethnic groups there are the Pashtun. They are also a major ethnic group in:

Afghanistan

Following World War II, many formerly colonized countries became independent states. Where was the greatest concentration of these countries?

Africa and Asia

An important Arab cartographer and geographer in the 1100s CE was:

Al-Idrisi

During the Cold War, Cuba exported tobacco and sugar to the Soviet Union in exchange for which of the following

All of the choices are correct (food, oil, medicine)

The Hokou system is used by the Chinese government for which of the following purposes

All of these choices

The _____ mountains, which are the longest mountain chain in the world, run north to south along the western side of South America and shape the climate because of their elevation.

Andes

Referring to a region which spans a great distance north to south, Latin America includes all of the following except:

Antartica

The influence of human behavior on earth since the Industrial Revolution in the late 1700s is so significant that it constitutes a new geological era called the

Anthropocene

What was the system of legal segregation of people by race, ethnicity, and ancestry used in South Africa until the early 1990s?

Apartheid

Name the mountain range formed before the North American plate broke off from Pangea?

Appalachian Mountains

The Ural Mountains possess similarities to the

Appalachians

In the Indian Ocean, when do tropical cyclones occur

April and June; September and November

Since the 1970s, imports of ______________ have inhibited African agriculture.

Asian rice

Ancient empires of Mesopotamia included Akkadian, Babylonia, Sumer, and:

Assyria

Between 1500 and 1800, European shipping and trade was primarily centered on the

Atlantic Ocean

The city of Prague, now capital of the Czech republic, was part of the _____empire from the 1500s until 1918

Austro-Hungarian

What is the term for a small country that is overly dependent on one export commodity and is ruled by a corrupt elite

Banana Republic

The division of Africa into many colonial spheres and states happened at the _______ Conference in 1884-1885.

Berlin

An example of a syncretic religion involves the Maori creation story and the:

Book or Mormon

Most fair trade goods are produced in Latin America, especially Mexico, but certified fair trade production is expanding rapidly in __________ ?

Both Africa and Asia

Between 1500 and 1850, the Atlantic slave trade took between 12 and 28 million Africans from their home and brought them primarily to _____________ in the Americas for labor on sugar plantations

Brazil; the Caribbean

As a result of the Meiji Restoration, the revolutionary movement that swept Japan in 1868, Japan went to war and gained territory in all of the following countries except:

Britain

Monks and monastic life is an important part of the social hierarchy of which religion?

Buddhism

Siddhartha Gautama living in the sixth century BCE, is considered the founder of which religion

Buddhism

The global region that has had the most influence in the region of East Asia is

Buddhism

The hearths of two major world religions are found in South Asia. These are Hinduism and

Buddhism

The first world religions to diffuse into Southeast Asia were

Buddhism and Hinduism

Which Arab city has the largest population?

Cairo, Egypt

Northern Europe is traditionally Protestant and Southern Europe is predominantly

Catholic

Europe as a formal region is often defined by Christianity, Indo-European languages, and:

Caucasian people

Bolivia was brought to a standstill in 2003, as local protestors mounted strikes and roadblocks against the government's decision to export natural gas through which "unpopular" neighboring country?

Chile

What are two top trading partners with Australia

China and Japan

What is the predominant religion in both Canada and the United States

Christianity

The _______ marked a pivotal moment for mobilizing locals-indigenous groups, labor unions, and cocoa growers against the government and the World Bank in Bolivia in protest of the rate hikes and privatization plan

Cochabamba Water Wars

More than 40 million blogs operate in Russia using the ______ alphabet.

Cyrillic

Varanasi, India, is the city associated with what Hindu tradition?

Death?

The flow of migrants from Eastern Europe to Western Europe was precipitated by the end of the Cold War and

EU expansion

In 1054, Christianity split into eastern and western churches. What was the eastern church called

Eastern Orthodox Church

The Indus Valley Civilization flourished around the same time as those of the

Egyptians and Sumerians

More than 50 percent of Europeans are fluent in a second language, and the most common is:

English

The Indo-European language family includes Hindi, Punjabi, Gujarati, Bengal, and

English

At the beginning of the twenty-first century, Latin America was the one region of the world with no inequality

FALSE

Haciendas were small landholdings given to conquistadors

FALSE

The Mexican government does not allow indigenous people to identify themselves as a cultural group or give them the right to preserve their culture and language under the constitution

FALSE

Africa has a lengthy coastline and many large rivers and lakes, including Lake Victoria. For these reasons and others, fishing is a very important and major sector of food production across the region.

False

Both China and South Korea have experienced massive gender imbalances, as daughters have been favored over sons.

False

Caribbean countries were granted or received their independence much earlier than the rest of Latin America

False

Due to every sovereign state having a vote, the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) tend to be more democratic that the United Nations (UN)

False

In 1960, the city of Venice has about 170,000 residents. Today the population is almost 300,000

False

Indigenous languages are primarily spoken in northern Mexico

False

NAFTA has resulted in greater migration flows between Mexico and the United States, while the opposite is true between Mexico and Canada

False

Ocean water heats and cools much faster than land.

False

The Rocky mountains are a much older and more eroded range than the Appalachians

False

The oceans around Southeast Asia are some of the deepest oceans in the world.

False

Because the British colonial administration sought to extract wealth from local populations and increased the need for cash crops to pay taxes, they caused at least:

Four major famines

The five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council are the United States, Russia, United Kingdom, China, and

France

The prevailing colonial power in North Africa until the 1950s and 1960s was the

French

The industrial Revolution spread from ______ into Europe

Great Britain

The road to Indian Independence was led by Muslims, Hindus, and Sikhs, many of whom were educated in

Great Britain

What is the term for the introduction of hybrid seeds, new fertilizers and pesticides, and in some cases mechanization

Green Revolution

People of Latin America are often referenced in terms of all of the following except:

Gringo

Hawaii and ____ are part of the United States.

Guam

What tool assesses life expectancy, literacy, years of schooling, and per capita GDP?

HDI (Human Development Index)

In many studies, researchers ave found human contact with monkeys to be the source of

HIV/AIDS

What is the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere?

Haiti

To defy British power, what did Mahatma Gandhi do in 1930?

He led a march to stop the British from controlling the sale of salt

The Indo-European language family does not include

Hungarian

India has the third largest Muslim population in the world, following Pakistan and:

Indonesia

The convergence of tropical trade winds at the _______ has a great impact on the climates through the Tropics

Intertropical Convergence Zone

Which of the following migrates north and south of the equator over the course of the year

Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)

Which of the following is not one of the three largest population centers in Canada

Iqaluit (Nunavut)

A segment of a nation residing in a state that is outside of the neighboring state where it comprises the majority population might be subject to a movement called

Irredentism

Which of the following religions teach that interest should not be charged for lending money

Islam

Palestine was partitioned by the United Nations in 1948 to create the state of:

Israel

What is the ITCZ

It is a low-pressure belt whose location migrates

Which of the following is not true about the earthquake that hit Haiti in 2010?

It would have been worse if the country had not enacted tough building codes in 1985

An observant member of which religion is a strict vegan and believes that all animals and plants have souls?

Jainism

Three major reformers of the Catholic Church in the sixteenth century were Martin Luther, John Calvin, and

Jan Hus

While China and Korea are experiencing population growth, this country of East Asia is experiencing population decline

Japan

One factor that influences the distribution of precipitation in North America by pushing air masses down through the region is the

Jet stream

Which area was used by the Soviet Union for testing nuclear explosives, negatively affecting the habitat

Kazakhstan

Although Arabic diffused with Islam, several other languages remain important in SW Asia and North Africa. These include Hebrew, Berber, Farsi, Turkish and:

Kurdish

Until the 1960's ______ was the official language of services in the Roman Catholic Church worldwide

Latin

What manufacturing change in Latin America resulted from the global depression and realization that their economies were vulnerable

Latin American countries began to focus on the domestic production of the goods they needed

The effects of global climate change will be distributed unevenly across the planet. Which of the following is not a factor contributing to the vulnerability of a group of people?

Level of education

Russia was prevented from expanding westward into Europe in the 1500s by the Poles and:

Lithuanians

The 45-degree line of the ______ curve represents perfect equality, where equal portions of the population control equal amounts of income?

Lorenz

Swiss banking is known for its security and secrecy laws. The other major players in global banking are Germany and:

Luxembourg

What was the original area for domestication of corns, tomatoes, and the turkey

Mesoamerica

The first successful dams are believed to date back as far as 2000 BCE and were found in:

Mesopotamia (The Fertile Crescent)

Much of the Russian steppe climate is found from Ukraine to:

Mongolia

In the 1400s, Russian leader Ivan III exerted greater territorial control toward the east by pushing out the

Mongols

What are the official languages of the European Union

More than 20 languages are official

Unlike Russia, most of the people of the Central Asian states are traditionally:

Muslim

The Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem is a sacred space for

Muslims?

After World War II ______was formed to stop the growing influence of the Soviet Union

NATO

In Kazakhstan, the Kazak people account for about _______ percent of the population

NOT 60 - maybe 80?

In early history (dating back to the Greeks and Romans), the primary purpose or reason for colonialism was?

Need for resources and tribute

The Himalaya and the Karakoram mountain ranges are located primarily in:

Nepal, India, Pakistan

The Tokuguwa would only trade with the ______ during the first wave of colonialism, primarily because the Dutch were mainly interested in trade, whereas the British and French also attempted to diffuse their religion and culture

Netherlands

What is the only major island state in the Pacific to be located outside of the tropics

New Zealand

The major rivers responsible for much of the life and agriculture in Southeast Asia and North Africa are the Euphrates and

Nile and Tigris

Over 85% of people in ______ are Inuit, making it Canada's only territory or province with a majority indigenous population.

Nunavut

What is the most important cash crop export in Mediterranean agriculture, especially in Tunisia?

Olive Oil

Since East Asia was essentially self-sufficient in all essential commodities, foreign trade primarily involved luxury goods such as Chinese silk, porcelain, jade, and:

Opium

OPEC was created in 1965 and changed the political and economic development of many countries. OPEC stands for:

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

The climate of East Asia is greatly influenced by the ____________ in the east and by the ___________ in the west?

Pacific Ocean; Himalayas

Japan is situated on the western edge of the:

Pacific Ring of Fire

Hundreds of Muslim rulers remained in the princely states during the British Raj. During the 1930's and 1940's, they lobbied and negotiated the creation of

Pakistan

Japan's colonization of East Asia and the Pacific brought the United States into World War II when the Japanese attacked

Pearl Harbor

The vast majority of petroleum resources being exported from Southeast Asia and North Africa come from countries bordering the

Persian Gulf

Outsourcing has changed significantly since the original model. Since 2011, which country has surpassed India with over 350,000 call centers?

Philippines

Hawaii and New Zealand are part of which island region

Polynesia

Which is the largest island region of the Pacific islands

Polynesia

Densely populated zones of Africa include the Nile River, coastal West, southern Africa, and

Rift Valley lake district

The Pacific Rim is also known as the

Ring of Fire

The leading crude oil exporter in Southwest Asia and North Africa is the kingdom of:

Saudi Arabia

About 15 percent of all Muslims believe that a descendant of the prophet Muhammed should lead the faithful. This branch of Islam is the

Shi'a

Which religion is located primarily in the Punjab region and denounces the caste system by affirming that all people are equal

Sikhism

The Punjab region is divided between Pakistan and India by the border drawn by the British. The cities of Lahore and Amritsar are here and populated primarily by

Sikhs

Which country has used its strategic location to become a global leader in container shipping and the entrepot for Southeast Asia

Singapore

Which of the following is by far the wealthiest country in Southeast Asia and is the third wealthiest country in the world as measured by GDP per capita

Singapore

Since the end of WWII, Sri Lanka has fought one of the bloodiest civil wars in the world. On one side is the Tamil ethnic group and on the other side is the:

Sinhalese

Related to Arabic in North Africa and the Middle East, are some of the main languages spoken in much of Ethiopia and:

Somalia

Subsaharan Africa includes all of the countries

South of the Sahara

Nearly all of Central Eurasia are tied together in the twentieth century through the history of the

Soviet Union

Political scientists outlined four hegemons between 1500 and 2000. Select the correct match of country and century below.

Spain--1500s; the Netherlands--1600s; Great Britain--1700s & 1800s; and the US--1900s

The Greater Antilles refers to the islands in the north and west, including the larger islands and all of the following except

St. Lucia

Five year plans initiated by _____ were a part of the planned economy of the Soviet Union

Stalin

Some of the first self-sufficient city states were located in:

Sumeria

Europe is also a functional region and can be best classified as such based on:

The European Union

Around 10,000 BCE, crop agriculture first started in:

The Fertile Crescent

We often perceive regions to exist even though we have never been to them. a strong example of regional perception in the united states is:

The South

As a percentage of GNI, which of the following countries contributes the most total dollars in foreign aid?

The United States

Many islands of Micronesia came under United States trusteeship after:

The United States defeated Japan

Since 1967, the Palestinian lands of Gaza and _______________ have been occupied and controlled by Israel, although some level of autonomy to Palestinians was granted in 2005.

The West Bank

Why are the names Southwest Asia and North Africa more accurate than "Middle East"?

The center of the continent is the reference point

In cities, one often sees a radial network of commuter trains that goes out from the central business district (CBD) of a city to residential neighborhoods and suburbs. Why has the growth of businesses within the city suburbs led to massive traffic congestion?

The hub and spoke system favors train travel to the city, but makes train travel from suburb to suburb inconvenient.

What was the reasoning behind the general agreement on trade and tariffs to promote free trade

There was a belief that trade restrictions had led to the Great Depression.

Why were STPIs started in India in the 1990s?

They provided economic incentives to grow India's role in the global economy.

In which plateau does the Mekong originate

Tibetan

Which of the following is not a major topographic or physical geographic landscape of North America

Tropical rainforest

Greenhouse gases accumulate at the top of the

Troposphere

About 25% of African cities were established before European colonization

True

After hundreds of billions of dollars given in international development aid over the last 20 years, academics, donors, and donor countries are questioning the value of international development assistance

True

All maps are distorted in area size or direction or both. They are all inaccurate.

True

Arable land, specifically well suited for agriculture, is the greatest resource of North America

True

Bali is part of Indonesia, but its Hindu culture, dating back to the eleventh century, sets it apart from the rest of the predominantly Muslim country.

True

Beijing is home to the Zhongguancun (ZGC) high-technology district, which is the Silicon Valley of China

True

Buddhism diffused into Western China through the Silk Road trade in the second and third centuries.

True

By informal agreement, the president of the World Bank is always a European and the president of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) is always an American.

True

Canada's relatively open immigration policies are designed to counteract Canada's falling birthrate

True

China has increased the use of fertilizers to generate higher production, causing it to have one of the highest rates of fertilizer usage per acre.

True

China is home to more than 160 cities, each with populations over 1 million

True

Chinese dialects have shared a common script of characters for more than 2,000 years, which enables the Chinese to read across dialects even when they cannot speak across dialects.

True

Coastal plains surround the coastlines of North America

True

Cuba has the highest doctor-to-population ratio in the world.

True

During the 1960's and 1970s, South Korea instituted a small family campaign because of concern for rapid population growth

True

Education laws in the province of Quebec require that immigrants who come to the area are matriculated into French-speaking schools unless they can demonstrate that they came from English-speaking schools in their home country

True

Energy-hungry countries such as the United States and China often support undemocratic and corrupt regimes to gain access to their oil

True

Even after independence, outside powers have continued to be a noticeable force in the Latin America region.

True

Evidence of the diffusion of religion along the Silk Road has been found in the Loess caves of northern China

True

Fieldwork and field studies are still critical to research by Geographers in the 21st century

True

Geographers use scale conceptually to show the differences across geographic areas

True

Gulags were remote prison labor camps located in remote regions such as Siberia

True

High levels of air pollution in Mexico City have caused people to leave the central city area and move to suburbs

True

In Subsaharan Africa, women are more likely than men to be aware of the environmental changes than men because of the work they do

True

In places like Guatemala, as men migrate to cities in search of employment, women are increasingly taking on the responsibility of running household farms

True

Islam and Christianity both spread with hierarchical diffusion pattern in many places

True

Language and religion in Europe are spatially connected

True

Latin America has the world's largest concentration of people speaking Romance languages

True

Latin America's economy experienced high levels of growth after World War II

True

Many Carribean countries have struggled to diversify their economies beyond sugar since the post independence era

True

Mount Pinatubo in the Philippine and Mount St. Helens near Portland, Oregon are both part of the Pacific Rim

True

Of the 35 million overseas Chinese, 30 million live in Southeast Asia

True

Russia is nearly twice the size of the United States

True

Since the end of the officially atheist Soviet Union, the number of churches has dramatically increased in Russia. Between 1987 and 2015, the number of Russian Orthodox churches increased from 2,000 to more than 13,000.

True

Some countries in the textbook appear in more than one region

True

Southeast Asia is susceptible to hurricanes

True

Southwest Asia and North Africa is one of the most urbanized regions on Earth

True

Tahiti and New Zealand were populated by people who came from Hawaii

True

The Bakkan formation in South Dakota has drawn thousands of new residents

True

The Inuktitut language had no written form

True

The United States was the largest consumer of energy followed by China

True

The World Bank was initially created to provide loans for reconstruction and development following World War II

True

The fertile plains of the Mekong Delta, coupled with predictable monsoon rain in summer, create the perfect environment for wet rice cultivation

True

The meandering Huang He has carved 26 different channels over the last 2,000 years.

True

The official language in Indonesia today is Bahasa Indonesian (commonly called Indonesian) which is a part of the Austronesian language family

True

The region of Latin America has the greatest number of Africans outside of Africa and the greatest number of Japanese outside of Japan

True

The thousands of islands of Southeast Asia are volcanic arcs formed along plate boundaries with highlands in the interior surrounded by miles of coastlines

True

Today, geographers no longer espouse environmental determinism, seeing it as a vast oversimplification of the world

True

Tropical rainforests are the most biologically diverse climate regions in the world

True

When the Korean war came to a close in 1953, no official peace treaty was signed

True

World systems theorists contend that the same good can be produced with either core or peripheral processes.

True

dates, figs, apricots, and olives are typical oasis agriculture.

True

Many guest workers immigrated to Germany and Belgium following World War II, especially from:

Turkey

Significant studies of climate change impact are shown by intensity of storms and fires in Australia and the hazardous situations of

Tuvalu

Which of the following is a humid continental climate region that is well suited for growing crops

Ukraine and Western Russia

In 1945, following the world wars, this organization had 51 member countries; in 2015, membership has grown to 193 members.

United Nations (UN)

Khrushchev waged a ___________ program in the 1950s and 1960s to turn grazing lands in croplands

Virgin Lands Campaign

Who was the leader of the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution

Vladimir Lenin

As in much of eastern Europe, Christianity came to Russia in the tenth century and was made the official religion by

Vladmir the Great

The world climate regions as classified and defined by _______________ and modified by Alan Arbogast may be used to denote regions?

Wladimir Koppen

In the United States, which state is the leading producer of coal

Wyominig

The Three Gorges Dam provides a source of hydroelectric power for millions of Chinese. Which river is it built across

Yangtze

Much of central Australia is very dry because it is influenced by:

a high pressure cell

Where oceanic plates and continental plates collide, the denser oceanic plate subducts underneath the less dense continental plate and creates:

a subduction zone

Tension among communities in Africa can especially revolve around _____ a park

access to

As a country develops, the nature of the economy changes or progresses through a series of stages, select the correct order of these stages

agriculture, industrial, service

Collecting data for research or mapping by using instruments that are far from the area of study is called

air-photo interpretation

When a tsunami occurs, the size of the waves and the scale of destruction depends on:

all of the answers are correct

Which of the following was the focus of the earliest diffusion of Islam into Asia

all of these (travel routes, straits, ports)

For centuries, farmers along the upper Mekong River have developed and maintained terraces that follow the contours of the hills in order to:

all of these answers (create fields for growing rice, prevent erosion, capture rainfall)

When a volcano sinks, sometimes _______, a circular type of island, remains with a lagoon.

an atoll

During the Age of Exploration, stretching from the 1400s to the 1900s, which of the following regions was the focal point for global trade and exchange of culture?

atlantic

Which of the following is the negative impact on a region from economic growth in another region?

backwash effect

The earlier name for a portion of modern day Iraq is Mesopotamia which means

between the rivers

When Europeans came to the Americas, they brought diseases to which indigenous Americans had never been previously exposed, including all but

bird flu

The divide between the Global North (developed countries) and the Global South (developing countries) is a _______________ categorization between wealthy and poorer countries?

both socioeconomic and political

in addition to the sahara, africa has about 5 million square miles of

cape buffalo

The tight relationship between overseas China and their families in their home provinces helped establish____ migration, where migrants find economic success in their new location and encourage others back home to follow the same path

chain

The goal of _______________ is to speed the flow of the river so that it can more easily carry silt and avoid deposits in the riverbed, which causes the river itself to increase in elevation that can be higher than surrounding towns and floodplains?

channelization

What does the North Atlantic Drift affect?

climate

Which of the following could a physical geographer study

climate and landforms

What is the leading fair trade product?

coffee

In October of 1949, after defeating the Nationalist Party, Mao Zedong officially declared the establishment of the People's Republic of China as a

communist country

In recent years, many governments have adopted a more free-market approach toward their economies. List and explain several things that a city or local government could offer a corporation as incentives to locate in their community.

companies can set prices, flexibility, does not constrict them with complicated regulations or licensing procedures, the law of supply and demand regulates production and labor instead of a central government

Languages of Southeast Asia reveal a difference in spatial interaction between which subregions of Southeast Asia

continental and island

The formal economy is based on goods and services and are

counted and taxed by governments

The visible imprint of people on the surface of the earth is seen in the ___________ landscape?

cultural

The terraced rice fields of Ifugao Province in the Philippines is an example of?

cultural landscape

Many urban dwellers today, especially in cities like Moscow, spend their weekends in:

dachas

Since the end of the Cold War, the residences in the center of Prague have

declined in number

Match the government forms with the following countries: North Korea, China, and Japan, respectively.

dictatorial; communist; democratic

Although people in remote locations have gained connection through Internet access and mobile phone usage, there is a notable gap between the average bandwidth and accessibility, creating what is referred to as the? digital divide

digital divide

What concept theorizes that places equidistant from a point will all have the same level of connection?

distance decay

Because of their lack of movement, the winds of the equatorial region are called

doldrums

When were many national parks, hunting reserves, and forest preserves created in Africa?

during colonial times

Pressure on the upper layer of Australia's crust creates ________ as the continent is squeezed from the east and west.

earthquakes

A policy promoting growth of gross national happiness, rather than ______ growth, is sanctioned by the monarchy of Bhutan

economic

There were two waves of colonialism between 1500 and 1975. Which of the following is not true of the first wave (1500-1825)?

economies were focused in tourism

The city of Venice and the country of the Netherlands fight very hard against

encroachment of the seas

Transportation networks may be intentionally designed to?

enhance connectivity for some communities while marginalizing others

Geographers went through their own period where they used environmental differences to explain everything from intelligence to wealth. What is this set of theories called?

environmental determinism

Tropical rainforests are found along the ________ across the world where the greatest amount of incoming solar radiation is received.

equator

What does the term Scramble for Africa refer to?

european powers arbitraily divided the world's second largest continent among themselves

There were two waves of colonialism between 1500 and 1975. Which of the following is not true of the second wave (1825-1975)?

europeans colonized africa

Geographer Barney Warf believes that time and space have not compressed, but rather, that new organizations of space and trade have:

expanded

The map of world religions demonstrates the role of ______________ diffusion of ideas?

expansion

Religion spreading from one person to another as one taught the next the tenets of the faith is an example of

expansion diffusion

The simple spread of a concept or an idea from one person to the next in close proximity to one another is called

expansion diffusion

Landlocked countries face particular exporting problems because both time and money are required to cross country borders, making transportation:

expensive

The purpose of colonial railway lines was primarily to:

export resources

While wealthier economies may appear to be cleaner, much of this gain may be the result of ___________ dirty industries to other countries (hence, there is no net gain for the global environment).

exporting

According to world system theorists, Rostow's stages of economic growth will occur, thanks to a set of exploitative relationships between more developed and least developed

false

Japan is located at the intersection of four plates and two major subduction zones, which means that the area is at no risk for future earthquakes or tsunamis

false

One of the limitations of per capita (or per person) data is that it does not allow comparisons between countries of different population siz

false

Since the 1990, the use of both Welsh and English is promoted in schools in Ireland and Scotland

false

Social, political, or intellectual context often has no bearing on the theories and ideas that are popular at a certain time.

false

The most common area for polygamy in Africa are also the regions with the highest incidence of HIV/AIDS

false

The new institutions and development programs after World War I set the tone for how we have thought about development since

false

The strong globalization viewpoint holds that developing countries are now persuaded by the lure of global capital to open their economies to investment by foreign corporation

false

The vast majority of foreign aid provided by countries tends to go to the countries most in need of assistance

false

Gendered eating practices in rural Bangladesh (and India), means that a mother first feeds her?

father in law

Bangladesh was formerly called East Pakistan, and today many NGOs operate here to alleviate poverty. Which of the following is a major problem for Bangladeshis

flooding

During the Soviet era, people were _____ to live in the northern zones.

forbidden

Geographers often describe the nature of economies in terms of primary, secondary, and tertiary economic activities. Which of the following is not part of tertiary activities?

forestry

A climate region of the world is a ________________ region?

formal

What is an area of land distinguished by either cultural or physical traits or criteria?

formal region

Improvements in a country's natural resource base often ________ development.

furthers

The United States uses roughly 90 percent of its coal for

generating electricity

Many older neighborhoods near the center of a city in North America have experienced a refurbishing, known as _______________, and as a result of these renewal efforts, home values in the area have increased.

gentrification

Several components in the atmosphere are responsible for the greenhouse effect, including water vapor, methane, ozone, nitrous oxides, carbon dioxide, and other trace gases. Collectively, these are known as?

greenhouse gases

Sovereignty is an international legal term that means

having the final say over a territory

An area where an important idea starts and spreads outward, such as wheat domestication, is known as a:

hearth

Which of the following is a term often used by geographers to describe the dominance of one state on the global stage?

hegemon

The spread of Christianity from its hearth in Jerusalem to people and lands along the northern Mediterranean Sea is a good example of?

hierarchical diffusion

Why do high islands receive more rainfall than low islands?

high elevations create an orographic effect

Charles Darwin conducted his research in Latin America and the Caribbean because of

high levels of biodiversity

Hutments and other slum settlements in South Asia are an example of:

high-density housing

We can see places that were tied together and places that were not, by studying?

historical spatial interaction

Used in China, this system limits where individuals live and affects the flow of migration in the country by identifying where a person is registered to live and whether that location is agricultural or nonagricultural

hokou system

Which of the following describes a type of transportation network where a few large, central nodes are connected to smaller points?

hub-and-spoke system

Research in new regional geography sees regions as?

human constructs

Europe is considered a continent because of:

human decisions

A study of migrant workers from Indonesia going to Saudi Arabia is a study of?

human geography

The two major fields of study within geography are physical geography and?

human geography

The holodomor in 1932 and 1933 created a long lasting hatred of Stalin and Russia by the Ukranians. What is the holodomor

human made famine

Identify the portion of the economy that is not taxed or regulated by government, where goods and services are exchanged in barter or cash systems that are not reported to the government.

informal economy

Pressure systems, wind patterns, and precipitation in the tropics are heavily impacted by

insolation

Throughout the entire year, tropical regions around the equator receive mainly direct:

insolation

What is the significance of the Brundtland Commission Report of 1987?

it defined and popularized sustainable development

Which of the following is not a concern regarding the massive Three Gorges Dam?

it diverts water from the Huang He River

Colonizers focused on gaining lands to establish large-scale agricultural production in the Americas and to establish trading posts for the Atlantic slave trade in Africa and ports for the spice trade in Asia. What best describes this trading system?

it had global research

Environmental narratives are told to

justify conservation and development projects

Functional zonation refers to?

land-use districts

Countries such as Mali, Burkina Faso, Chad, and Niger have economic challenges not only because of climate but also because they are all

landlocked

A strong indicator of colonial history and rule in the Pacific is still found today in:

language

What influences the climate of the North and Central Urasia

latitude

Which of the following refers to the islands in the Carribean Sea, stretching in a crescent shape from the Virgin Islands southeast through St. Lucia and Grenada and west to Aruba

lesser antilles

High islands may be formed from volcanoes and also from:

limestone

The peninsula of Europe is part of the Eurasian continent. It does not have its own _____________ plate.

lithospheric

Geographers recognize the power of the content of national policies or the behavior of multinational companies to influence events and a wide range of global issues. What are these influencers called?

local actors

Identify a windblown sedimentary deposit, which is buff or yellowish brown in color and erodes easily

loess

One method of finding absolute location on a map is by using?

longitude and latitude

The earth absorbs solar energy and emits it back out in the form of

longwave radiation

Secularism has grown strongly since World War II. A strong sign of secularism in Europe is:

low church attendance

The pacific region is sometimes referred to as the "canary in the coal mine" for the effects of global climate change because of

low elevation islands

The ITCZ is a

low pressure belt

The population of North America clusters in cities for all of the following reasons except

lower crime rates

What are coastal climates also referred to as, because of the year round influence of the ocean

maritime

A larger percentage of the US population lives in a relatively small are connected by an interstate that spans from Washington, DC, to Baltimore up to New York City and then to Boston. This chain of urban cities is known as a

megalopolis

Geographers Oppong and Kalipeni look to colonial labor structures as having a strong role in the rapid spread of HIV/AIDS. This is the __________ thesis.

migrant labor

Which of the following was not a driving force behind the Bretton Woods conference

national defense

Russification in the late 1800s was an important aspect of:

national identity building

An import part of colonialism was dependency. This was accomplished in many ways and usually included creating a

need for money

When a monsoon occurs in the summer, it is because of the:

northerly location of a low-pressure belt

After reforms in the 1980s under Mikhail Gorbachev and the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Russian President Boris Yeltsin began to establish:

oligarchs

When the Industrial Revolution diffused from Europe to North America, industries in the United States were situated:

on the east coast

Endemic species of flora and fauna are found on

one island

In mainland Southeast Asian, a major part of the informal economy is trade in

opium and heroin

What type of precipitation occurs on the windward side when a parcel of air rises over a mountain or ridge and cools?

orographic

The world's largest delta is found in Bangladesh. Flooding regularly occurs because of

overuse of land by agriculture

Where climate impacts agriculture with too little rain, such as the Sahel and other dry savanna biomes, people mainly practice:

pastorialism

A region that people may imagine to exist, such as "Dixie," is a?

perceptual

Interpreting the impact of tectonic activity on the landforms of East Africa would probably be the work of a ______________ geographer?

physical

The uniqueness of a location and its shaping refers to?

place

South Asia is called the subcontinent because of

plate tectonics

Land reclaimed from the seas and wetlands in the Netherlands is called:

polders

What is a choropleth map used to show?

population density

The structure and gender of a population can easily be seen in a

population pyramid

Using physical geography to define world regions, a geographer may use?

precipitation

A major obstacle that developing countries often face is the problem of being stuck as a producer of raw materials, or stuck in an economy dominated by the _______ sector?

primary

Which of the following is not one of the most common measurements of wealth?

purchasing power

Migrants weigh their reasons for going to a particular place based on complex:

push and pull factors

What are underground conduits for water collection from aquifers in ancient Iran called?

qanats

A transportation network that favors movement to and from a central point or location, such as a capital city to a residential area, is known as what type of network?

radial

The difference between the Sahara, a true desert, and the semi-arid Sahel region to its south is:

rainfall

The worlds largest _______ is found in the Amazon are of Latin America/

rainforest

Identify the group of radical students who were charged with destroying the four "old" habits that resisted communism.

red guard

Understanding the context behind the transmission of AIDS in Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America is using a _____________approach?

regional

One of the elements of Russification is the spread of:

religion

Latin American farmers can be credited for domesticating all of the following except

rice

Lake Baikal is the deepest lake on earth. It is part of a:

rift valley

The member countries of the Warsaw Pact in Europe were considered _______________ countries of the Soviet Union.

satellite

Following the Indian Ocean tsunami in late 2004, what did geographers rely on to assess damage, estimate wave size, and guide aid?

satellite images

Which of the following is characterized by vast grasslands and isolated trees

savanna

Multiple regions exist within a large area such as Africa (West Africa, East Africa, etc.). This is an example of the importance of _____________ in the study of regions?

scale

What is the characteristic of the steppe climate commonly found in the region around the southern Volga River

semiarid

An isostatic rebound refers to land:

sinking

Local factors have a significant influence on a place; two geographic terms that describe these local factors are?

site and situation

Corn, yams, cassava, and bananas are common crops in areas of which type of agriculture?

slash and burn

Many farmers in less densely populated areas, such as Amazonia, practice _______________, also known as shifting cultivation or swidden agriculture where an area is cleared and then burned for the vegetative remains to release nutrients back into the soil.

slash and burn agriculture

Many of the islands of Micronesia are primarily

small atoll islands

Typically, fewer tropical storms form in the Indian Ocean, and the storms are typically of less intensity due to the ocean's:

smaller size

Rainfall and ...... are the main sources of South Asia's rivers

snowmelt

The distinctive caste system of India divides people in a

social hierarchy

Flooding of the Nile was critical to Egyptian agriculture because of:

soil fertilization

What do abstract connections and constructs of time, distance, and relations refer to?

space

What is the degree of contact between people and places?

spacial interaction

The physical boundaries of Southwest Asia and North Africa have contributed to all but which of the following

stable, democratic governments

Low islands precipitation is dependent on:

storms

Typhoons that hit the western Pacific, including the Philippines, are typically _____ the hurricanes hitting the western Atlantic, including the southeast coast of the United States

stronger than

The place on earth receiving the direct rays of the sun is the

subsolar point

____________ development meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

sustainable

There are two tracks of migration in China. The ____ track occurs when migrants leave their hukou for an urban area to work but never change their hukou to the new address; however, the ____ track occurs when migrants leave their homes, move to another region, and change their hukou.

temporary: permanent

In 1054 CE, Christianity in Europe split into the Roman Catholic Church and

the Eastern Orthodox Church

Most of the countries of Central Asia in the twentieth century were part of

the Soviet Union

To "maintain international peace and security," "to develop friendly relations among nations," to "achieve international cooperation" in order to solve economic and social problems, and to "be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations in the attainment of these common ends," was the mission statement for this organization following World War II

the United Nations (UN)

The Urals divide the glaciated east European plain from

the West Siberian plain

Relative locations of places are shown on what type of map?

thematic

What happened after European trade increased in the Pacific ocean

there was a depopulation of indigenous people

____________ means considering and understanding the context of what is going on in the world?

thinking geographically

Wastewater in the city of Venice is removed from the canals by

tides

During the 1980s and 1990s, economists described the rapidly growing economies of Southeast Asia as:

tigers

Although the Alliance for Progress was launched with the stated purpose of building wells and schools in underdeveloped countries, what was its underlying purpose?

to keep communism from spreading through the region

Ideas and goods diffuse from the hearth first..?

to places most connected to the hearth

Which of the following is not one of the leading fair trade products?

tobacco

A name of a place, or place-name, is referred to as a?

toponym

Which of these is not a classic element of an Islamic city

town hall or public house

The lingua franca of Kazakhstan is Russian. A lingua franca is a language of:

trade and business

Another way to consider development is to measure the variability of human well-being (education, health, gender equality) in space.

true

Chinese men with rural hukous or who cannot find a Chinese bride increasingly look to North Korea and Southeast Asia for brides.

true

Geographers have tended to describe development as a process of change in the composition of an economy of a particular region and the well-being of its inhabitants, relative to other areas

true

In the developing world, the vast majority of dams were built as development projects in an effort to help launch newly independent countries onto the ladder of development. Today, geographers who study development recognize that this wave of dam development had major negative environmental implications.

true

Russia has the largest reserves of natural gas in the world.

true

Sex tourism impacts the entire region of Southeast Asia, and child trafficking is closely associated with sex tourism.

true

T-Shirt Travels demonstrates how a simple act of kindness, donating your old T-Shirts to the Salvation Army or Goodwill, has resulted in undermining the exile industry in Zambia and other African countries where imported secondhand clothing is more popular than locally made clothing.

true

The vast majority of Africans work in agriculture and other forms of food production

true

From the 1500s until 1918, what title did the rulers of Russia use?

tsar

Treeless and swampy conditions typify which climate region?

tundra

The economy of Nunavut is supported by all of the following except

value-added manufactoring

Businesses that stand to gain wealth from tourism have become increasingly _____ as businesses serving different parts the commodity chain have merged into one larger company or set of companies that work with each other to corner a market

vertically integrated

By importing grain rather than growing it, what else are countries importing?

virtual water

Pacific islands are formed from coral reefs, limestone or

volcanoes

At the time of independence for India and Pakistan, what happened in the state of Kashmir?

war

China's growth since 1990 can be attributed to all of the following except:

war

A Hadley cell is made of

warm, moist air

When air descends at the subtropical high-pressure cells, the air:

warms

theory of weak globalization and strong globalization venn diagram

weak globalization began in 1500s strong globalization is significantly different and began in the 19070s

In which of the following were environmental impacts of industrialization first regulated and improved

western Europe

The perception of place refers to a way people construct their ideas about?

what a place is like

Microcredit lending programs in Bangladesh and other countries focuses on loans to:

women

Unlike other regions of the world, the majority of people living in Subsaharan Africa living with HIV are

women

Which of the following offers a geography for dependency theory by depicting the world in terms of the core, semiperiphery, and periphery?

world-systems theory