Geog Exam 3: Russia
High density agricultural production is associated with the _________ climate zone, while forests dominate in the ___________ climate zone.
humid continental mild summers; subarctic cool summer
Iranian
is an Indo-European language
Which of these countries has the highest life expectancy?
Georgia
Which of these countries has the highest population growth rate?
Georgia
Which of these countries has the highest total fertility rate?
Georgia
What countries were once part of the former USSR, and are now members of the Commonwealth of Independent States?
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan
What are mikrorayons?
Large, Soviet-era housing projects of the 1970s and 1980s
What is the dominant agricultural pattern in Ukraine?
Large-scale grain production
Which of these cities is the most popular destination for migration?
Moscow
Which of the following is true about the two maps that show the effects of conflict between Russia and neighboring countries?
Most of the countries surrounding Russia show a negative net migration which indicates many people fleeing their countries.
Which statement best describes the topography of the Kamchatka Peninsula?
Most of the peninsula is elevated, with a range between 500 and 1,999 meters.
What agricultural region covers the largest area in the Russian domain?
Taiga
Geopolitical and Economic Problems
The Russian Domain, especially Russia abound in natural resources. However, different geopolitical and economic problems have contributed to the low performance of economies in the regions.
Which of the following goals best describes the political motive behind the Soviet policy of Russification?
To create significant Russian minorities loyal to the Soviet leaders in non-Russian regions
Which country in the Russian Domain generates nearly half of its electricity from nuclear power?
Ukraine
Which of these countries has the largest population?
Ukraine
You speak a Slavic language. Where do you live?
Ukraine
The European Core
the western part of the region where people remain highly concentrated; includes Belarus, much of the Ukraine, and Russia west of the Ural Mountains
What percentage of the world's crude petroleum reserves are found in Russia?
5 percent
Which of the following is the primary factor that shapes Eurasia's climate, vegetation, and agriculture?
Latitudinal position
Which countries were once part of the Soviet Union, have not become members of the Commonwealth of Independent States?
Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia
Based on its natural gas production in 2008, where did Russia stand?
Russia produces over 20 Quad BTU, making it one of the top two countries in the world.
Which of these places was added to the Russian Empire most recently?
Armenia
Which of the following is not true about the distribution of coal, copper, and gold in the region?
Besides oil and natural gas, copper and gold are mined in Russia but not coal.
When was Tajikistan added?
Between 1855 and 1955
Which of these bodies of water in the Russian domain has the greatest agricultural productivity along its coastline?
Black Sea
The economy of the Soviet Union followed
Centralized economic planning
Which internal republic sought independence from Russia?
Chechnya
The fertile soils found below 50°N latitude in Eurasia are called
Chernozem soils
What is the place of origin of immigrants to Russia's Far East?
China
Which of the following countries is the most likely consumer of the extra oil and gas produced by Russia?
China
What natural resource is found on the Kamchatka Peninsula?
Coal
Which of these workers would be employed in Georgia?
Coal miner
What is the dominant climate type in Russia?
Continental midlatitude
Which of the following is likely to be true about the political situation in present day Russia verses the former Soviet republics?
Countries that are former Soviet Union members are likely to enjoy more freedom than Russia.
What is the dominant agricultural pattern in Belarus?
Diversified agriculture
Movement Patterns in Russia
1. To the east in search of resources (facilitated by the Trans-Siberian Railway in the late 19th century) 2. To non-Russian territories under the Soviet Regime (to encourage loyalty to the state) 3. Russian movement out of these territories after the collapse of the USSR (as those territories sought to reclaim their national and ethnic identities)
Which of these was the origin of the Russian Empire?
A principality in the northwestern part of present-day Russia
What is the average daily high temperature in Verkhoyansk in January?
About -50°F
Which of the following countries was never part of the former Soviet Union?
Afghanistan
Which language spoken on the eastern side of the Russian Domain originated from a language family other than Indo-European?
Eskimo-Aleut
Which country was part of the former Soviet Union and is now an EU and NATO member?
Estonia
Population Loss
In 2005, the Russian government identified population loss as a key issue of national importance. UN predictions estimate that the population could drop by nearly 45 million by 2050. Russia is working to counteract this trend by enacting generous pronatalist population policies (e.g., extended maternity leave and subsidies for childcare).
Which of the following has not happened with the fall of the Soviet Union?
Life expectancy has increased with access to private health care
Which of these countries has the largest percentage of arable land?
Moldova
Which of these countries has the lowest gross national income per capita at purchasing power parity?
Moldova
Four of the following five languages are commonly spoken in the country of Georgia. Which language is spoken outside of Georgia, but not within the country?
Mongol
What city is a destination for both Russians returning from the former Soviet republics and economic migrants within the Russian domain?
Moscow
You have migrated from Uzbekistan to Russia. What is most likely your ethnic and cultural background?
Russian
What are the most common languages spoken in Azerbaijan?
Turkic languages
The Communist Era (1922-1991)
Soviet leaders enforced a strong Russian identity in Soviet republics in large part through a process called "Russification," where large numbers of ethnic Russian migrants settled in non-Russian ethnic areas and received the best jobs and most powerful positions in regional governments.
How do incomes differ within countries in the Russian Domain?
All the other countries have a lower GNI per capita than Russia.
Which language is the most widely spoken in the Central Siberian Plateau?
Altaic
Which of these countries has the fewest language families?
Armenia
Which of these countries has the lowest population
Armenia
From where do the majority of undocumented immigrants who have moved to Russia come?
Former Soviet republics in Central Asia
Excluding Russia, how many union republics were part of the USSR?
Fourteen (1) Estonia (2) Latvia (3) Lithuania 4) Belarus (5) Ukraine (6) Moldova (7) Georgia (8) Armenia (9) Azerbaijan (10) Kazakhstan (11) Uzbekistan (12) Kyrgyzstan (13) Turkmenistan (14) Tajikistan.
GNI per capita
Generally, GNI per capita is low in the Russian Domain. Even though a small fraction of the population is extremely wealthy, majority of the people are less endowed.
In which climate type is most of Russia's population concentrated?
Humid continental, mild summers
A country neighboring Russia has demanded the return of the Kuril Islands. Which country is it?
Japan
Which region of Russia is an exclave?
Kaliningrad
Which of these countries has the highest gross national income per capita at purchasing power parity?
Russia
Which city is located in a dry climate region?
Simferopol
Which of these statements is true about natural gas production worldwide?
Russia has the second-largest natural gas reserve in the world, but the country consumes just a fraction of gas produced.
Compared with other countries shown in the pie chart, where does Russia rank in terms of its natural gas reserves?
Russia is number 1.
What is Russia's position in terms of oil production?
Russia is only behind Saudi Arabia in oil production worldwide.
In terms of its crude petroleum production in 2008, where did Russia stand?
Russia produces 11-20 Quad BTU, making it one of the top two countries in the world.
President Vladimir Putin's centralized control of Russia has led to several protests. What can you deduce from the two maps?
Russia's extremely large prison population suggests that a protest against the government is likely to lead to imprisonment.
What is the largest internal republic in Russia?
Sakha
What physical feature marks the eastern boundary of the cultural subregion known as "European Russia" and separates it from Siberia?
The Ural Mountains
Urbanization
The dominant trend in the Russian Domain since the mid-20th century. Soviet leaders recognized the economic benefits of clustering populations, and large-scale industrialization, one of the foremost ideals of the former USSR, obviously favors urbanization.
One manufacturing region is a source of petroleum, natural gas, and hydroelectric power. Which one is it?
The region in which Volgograd and Samara are located
Since 2009, public protests have challenged President Putin's authority in Russia. The urban middle class, human rights groups, and opposition political parties are concerned with Putin's strong-arm leadership style and increasingly close ties to what group or organization?
The siloviki
How many internal republics are in the Russia Federation?
There are more than fifteen
How did the fall of the Soviet Union affect the patterns and practice of religion in Russia?
There has been a revival of the Orthodox Church.
Which of the following statements is true regarding language in Ukraine?
Ukrainian-speaking people primarily reside in western Ukraine while Russian-speaking people reside in eastern Ukraine.
What has become the primary destination for Russian petroleum products in the 21st century?
Western Europe
Which of the following regions is located in the cultural hearth of the Russian Empire?
Western Russia
You are a resident of the internal republic of Sakha. What is your language and language family?
Yakut, in the Altaic language family
The Caucasus Region
a mountainous region in the Russian Domain that is small in size, but contains tremendous linguistic diversity. The subregion's complex history, combined with its harsh physical geography, has led to isolated cultural groups where language provides a strong source of cultural and political identity.
Russian linguistic identity
approximately 80% of the population—claim a Russian linguistic identity, linguistic diversity exists, particularly in border regions and isolated regions. Example: The Finno-Ugric people, who live in the north and speak languages that evolved from a completely different language family than that of their Indo-European Russian neighbors.
The expansion of NATO and the inclusion of the Baltic republics
frustrated Russia because the increasingly powerful organization may undermine its geopolitical power.
Manufacturing
has been enabled by the abundant raw materials in the region, has been behind much of the region's economic development. Industrial development has used energy-based resources rather than consumer goods
Russia's authoritarian rule and assertion
has sparked a lot of tension and conflict with neighboring countries. In the Ukraine, Russia has been using coercion to keep strong ties in the Crimean Peninsula. Similar dominance by Russia is seen in other countries such as Moldova and Belarus.
Disintegration of the Soviet Union
rendered the republic states as independent bodies managing their own affairs.
