GEOG1301 Don Jonsson (16 sets of info)
The scale of 1:63,360 is the same as one inch equals ___
one mile
A _____ boundary is usually represented by a midocean ridge
divergent
One of the common surface features of karst landscapes are sinkholes, also known as
dolines
The most common surface features of karst landscapes are __________.
dolines
Which process forms stream terraces?
downcutting
A typical adret-ubac situation in the Northern Hemisphere means that south-facing slopes have __________.
drier soils
The general term for all material moved by glaciers is_______
drift
In the tropical deciduous forest, trees shed their leaves because of a short but pronounced ___
dry season
what does s signify in Csa climate according to the koppen climate classification?
dry summer
w
dry winter szn
A _____ can travel down a volcano at speeds more than 160 kilometers (100mph)
pyroclastic flow
which atmospheric convective cells generate the Westerlies?
ferrel cells
The surface area over which wind blows to create waves is termed the ________________ area.
fetch
Which glacial term applies to a feature associated with the surface of a glacier?
firn
where do most thunderstorms occur in the USA?
florida
Which type of mass movement best characterizes an avalanche?
flow
what kills most people during a tornado?
flying debris and collapsing structures
The original purpose of the Mercator projection was
for ocean navigation
The original purpose of the Mercator projection was_____
for ocean navigation
Which of the following natural vegetation associations covers more land area?
forests and woodlands
A GIS is a library of information based on
maps
when is the vernal equinox in the northern hemisphere?
march 20-21
Which landform is associated with coastal emergence?
marine terrace
Which of the following occurs least over North America?
maritime polar air from the North Atlantic
In the diagram, label A represents which fluvial landforms?
meandering stream
Which of the following is not a form of remote sensing
measurement by thermometer
Which of the following climates does NOT have a summer wetter than its winter?
mediterranean
Which of the following is one of the problems faced by cities in Sub-Saharan African?
meeting the demand for services: water, sewage, and electricity
when is peak hurricane season in the USA?
mid august to September 10th
most significant of all atmospheric disturbances?
midlatitude cyclones
What areas of the world are best portrayed by a conic projection?
midlatitudes
Cfc
mild winters, no dry szn, cool summer
Which of the following are the main staple crops in Sub-Saharan Africa?
millet, sorghum, and corn (maize) ALL
Which type of biochemical cycle includes nutrients following sedimentary pathways?
mineral
Seismic scale that measures earthquake intensity
modified mercalli
The egg laying mammals of the australian zoogeographic region are the _____
monotremes
The egg-laying mammals of the Australian zoogeographic region are the ___
monotremes
m
monsoon precipitation pattern, very wet
subtropical desert
most extensive in northern africa and southwestern asia
Which landform feature is correctly associated with the tectonic stress underlying its creation?
offset stream—shear
midlatitude desert
often in the rain shadow of mountains
Which floristic association occurs in perennially cold climates of high latitudes and high elevations?
tundra
A slope struck by a low Sun angle has relatively low evaporation & thus supports a relatively luxuriant vegetation growth & is known as a(n) ___ slope
ubac
A slope struck by a low son angle has relatively low evaporation and thus supports a relatively luxuriant vegetation growth and is known as a(n) _____ slope
ubac
Which of the following forms of energy is solar radiation?
ultraviolet radiation
What is a UAV?
unmanned aerial vehicle, "drone"
Which of the following best describes a cyclone?
upper atmosphere divergence, ascending air, and surface convergence
Until the discovery of _________ in the 1850s, roughly half of all Europeans who lived on the African mainland died within a year, mainly due to diseases such as _________.
quinine; malaria
The type of remote sensing which penetrates clouds at night for accurate terrain representation is ___
radar
The type of remote sensing which penetrates clouds at night for accurate terrain representation is ________.
radar
Which of the following unites Sub-Saharan Africa as a world region?
similar livelihood systems and shared colonial experience
Which Landscape features are associated with Karst Topography?
sink holes
The most common surface features of karst landscapes are __________.
sinkholes
what generates the polar high?
sinking cold air and descending limbs of polar cells
21 The classic example of the effects of the environment on a species is shown by the ___ on a fox
size of ears
The classic example of the effects of the environment on a species is shown by the _____ on a fox.
size of ears
The term used in the United States for small raindrops that freeze while falling toward the surface is...
sleet
Mass movement along rock contacts or bedding planes
slide
A slope failure with a downward rotation movement is a
slump
All map projections have this in common
some distortion
Which of the following forms of remote sensing is based on sound?
sonar
Stream deposits are ____by size
sorted
the mass of water vapor in a given mass of air
specific humidity
A linear extension of sand from the shore into the ocean is a
spit
Where do the poorest residents of Latin American cities generally live?
squatter settlements
Long, slender speleothems that hang from the ceiling of a cavern
stalactites
why is the cold front sector of a mid latitude cyclone stormier than the warm front sector?
steeper lift gradiant
Midlatitude grassland characterized by short grasses and bunchgrasses
steppe
s
steppe
The region in which the intertropical convergence can be found is ________.
the equator
For what is the ionosphere responsible?
the generation of auroral displays
Along which portion of the stream is downcutting greatest?
the headwaters
What causes the greatest damage related to hurricanes? Select all that apply.
the lower atmospheric pressure, which allows local sea levels to be higher the storm surge extensive flooding
Which of the following would be the LEAST likely location to find stream-deposited materials?
the outside bank of a river bend
Vapor Pressure
the pressure exerted by a vapor in Earth's atmosphere
Which of the following is one of the major environmental issues in the Southwest Asia and North Africa region?
the salinization of soils
During summer in the southern hemisphere (December through February)
the south pole is tilted toward the Sun
In descriptions of the urban form of Latin America, what does the term elite spine refer to?
the strip of newer businesses extending from the colonial core to the newest parts of a city
What does the dew point reflect?
the temperature at which condensation occurs
What does the third letter generally describe in the Koppen classificatoin scheme?
the temperature pattern?
What is an important difference between geography as a field of inquiry and other disciplines?
All of the above are important difference between geography and other disciplines.
When is an important difference between geography as a field of inquiry and other disciplines?
All of the above are important differences between geography and other disciplines
Which of the following trends has been apparent in Latin America since the 1980s?
All of the above are true
What is the primary difference between a GIS and a computer generated map?
All of the listed answers are differences between a GIS and a computer generated map
In what location are thunderstorms LEAST likely to form?
Along the Arctic Circle
In what location are thunderstorms LEAST likely to form?
Along the arctic circle
Glaciers that develop individually high in the Mountains
Alpine Glaciers
Which climate pattern is associated with the Tropical Deciduous Forest or (Monsoon Rainforest)?
Am
Where is the worlds largest population of Polar Bears?
Canada
The amount of load is the ____ of a stream
Capacity
The total possible load a stream can transport is its _____, whereas a stream's ability to move particles of specific size is its ______.
Capacity, competence
Which of the following statements about global climate change is correct?
Carbon Dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxides level in the atmostphere are higher now than in the past 800,000 years
On both the Spring and Fall equinox, the Sun's rays are vertically overhead at the ______.
Equator
Where are the vertical rays of the sun striking the earth during the September equinox?
Equator
Which of the following statements about global climate change is correct?
Carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxides levels in the atmosphere are higher now than in the past 800,000 years.
Basically, groundwater is a weak solution of ___ acid
Carbonic
Underground water is usually a weak solution of what acid?
Carbonic acid
The present binomial system of biological classification was devised by ___
Carolus Linnaeus
The present binomial system of biological classification was devised by _____
Carolus Linnaeus
The average hurricane exists, on the average, for about ___
1 week
Which of the following best represents the length of the life cycle of a typical midlatitude cyclone?
1 week
Which of the following represents a typical count of confirmed tornadoes for a year in the USA?
1,000
It has been determined that during the Pleistocene epoch, as many as _________ glacial episodes may have occurred.
18
How many people were killed by the February 2013 Nor'Easter?
18 people
The Age of Dinosaurs persisted for some _____ years
180 million
The age of the dinosaurs persisted for some ____ years
180 million
When was the geological time scale devised?
1913
In what year did Koppen first publish his classification system?
1918
The first version of the Koppen Climate Classification System appeared in ______
1918
when did wladimir koppen first introduce the full version of his climate classification system?
1918
When did Mongolia begin communist rule?
1924
When was the Richter Scale invented?
1935
When were hot spots theorized?
1963
When was the "Supercontinent Cycle" proposed?
1966
when was the fujita scale first introduced?
1971
when was the saffir-simpson hurricane wind scale developed?
1971
Modern wind farms started appearing on the American landscape in the...
1980's
when was the last EF 5 tornado reported in Central TX?
1997 in Jamell TX
Which of the following representative fractions is the LARGEST scale?
1: 1000
Which of the following representative fractions is the LARGEST scale?
1:1000
What is the RF scale for the verbal scale "1 inch equals a mile"?
1:63,360
How many continental ice sheets exist today?
2
When was the ice age?
2 MYA, LASTED 11,500 years ago ( Pleistocene epoch)
______ of the world polar bears could face extinction due to habitat loss
2/3 two thirds
It has been determined that during the Pleistocene epoch, as many as _________ glacial episodes may have occurred.
20
It have been determined that during the Pleistocene epoch, as many as _____ glacial episodes have occurred
20
Saudi Arabia is the leading country within the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) because it controls approximately what percent of the world's crude petroleum reserves?
20 percent
A certain volume of air holds 20 grams of water vapor. At that temperature, the maximum amount the air can contain is 100 grams. What is the relative humidity?
20%
How long ago did the Atlantic start to form as Pangaea began to rift apart?
200 million years ago
When was the Greater Arab Free Trade Area (GAFTA) established to eliminate all trade barriers among its member nations?
2005
Landsat 8 was launched in
2013
At sea level, the temperature of a parcel of air is 29°C. The parcel of air ascends and cools at the dry adiabatic rate until it reaches the lifting condensation level at 706 meters. What would be the temperature of the parcel of air at 706 meters?
22 degrees C
At sea level, the temperature of a parcel of air is 29°C. The parcel of air ascends and cools at the dry adiabatic rate until it reaches the lifting condensation level at 706 meters. What would be the temperature of the parcel of air at 706 meters?
22 degrees celcius
At sea level, the temperature of a parcel of air is 29°C. The parcel of air ascends and cools at the dry adiabatic rate until it reaches the lifting condensation level at 706 meters. What would be the temperature of the parcel of air at 706 meters?
22°C
where is the tropic of Capricorn?
23.5 south latitude
The USA version of GPS is dependent on triangulation using a network of ___ satellites
24
The USA version of GPS is dependent on triangulation using a network of ______ satellites
24
how long is daylight south of the antarctic circle during the december solstice?
24 hours
When was the "age of reptiles?"
248 to 65 MYA (Cretaceous, Jurrasic, and Triassic periods) Mescozoic Era
A tornado advances at a rate of speed of _____ kilometers per hour.
25-50
When was the rise of the Appalachian mountains?
250 MYA permian period
When was the rise of the Appalachian Mts?
250 mya Era: Paleozoic Period: Permian
How many houses were impacted by the Florida sinkhole?
3 houses
what defines a major hurricane on the saffir-simpson hurricane wind scale?
3 or higher
At any given time, there are usually _____ Rossby waves in the westerly winds of each hemisphere.
3-6
When did the panama land bridge emerge?
3-6 million years ago
With the environmental lapse rate, temperatures decline _________ feet rise in elevation.
3.5ºF every 1000
What is the average lapse rate?
3.6 degrees Fahrenheit per 1000 ft
When was the Pennsylvanian Period?
300 mya Era: Paleozoic
If the actual water vapor content of the air is 10 grams per cubic meter and the water vapor capacity is 30 grams per cubic meter, what is the relative humidity of the air?
33 percent
If the actual water vapor content of the air is 10 grams per cubic meter, and the water capacity is 30 grams per cubic meter, what is the relative humidity of the air?
33 percent
If the actual water vapor content of the air is 10 grams per cubic meter and the water vapor capacity is 30 grams per cubic meter, what is the relative humidity of the air?
33%
How much did industrial production fall in Poland during the first two years of transition following the collapse of Soviet domination in 1990?
35%
When was the "age of amphibians?"
350 to 250 MYA (Permian, Missisipian, Pennsylvanian)
What is the yearly probability of flooding on a 25 year flood plain
4%
Dallas, Texas is located in the continental interior. San Diego, California is located on the ocean. Which of the following is true?
Dallas should have a greater annual temperature range than San Diego
Why are Asian carp declining in China?
Dam Projects
The GNSS is based on
Data from satellites
When the Sun's rays are directly overhead at the Tropic of Capricorn, it is ________.
December 21
When the circle of illumination just touches the Arctic Circle & the North Pole is dark, the date is closest to ___
December 21
When are the vertical rays of the sun striking the earth at the Tropic of Capricorn?
December Solstice
When is the summer solstice in the Southern Hemisphere?
December Solstice
Which flora type is correctly matched with its associated term?
Deciduous-seasonal leaf fall
Which flora type is correctly matched with its associated term?
Deciduous—seasonal leaf fall
In terms of annual average extent, Northern Hemisphere sea ice has _____ since 1975.
Decreased
As stream order increases, the number of higher-order streams ______, while the average stream length _______, the watershed area ______ and the average stream gradient ________.
Decreases, increases, increases, decreases
Which is the most common type of stream drainage pattern?
Dendritic
Which of the following processes makes nitrogen available to living organisms?
Denitrification
The pressure of gas is proportional to its temperature and...
Density
Which of the following describes the horse latitudes?
Descending air
Xerophytes are plants of the _____ region
Desert
Where is riparian vegetation particularly prominent?
Deserts
Why do some people consider lake Zakher and ecological disaster?
Destroying the current habitat
When did Land plants develop?
Devonian Period
which is the koppen climate classification of Chicago, Illinois
Dfa
Which of the following was the primary cause of the demographic collapse of native populations after 1500?
Disease
A typical adret-ubac situation in the Northern Hemisphere means that south-facing slopes have ______.
Drier soils
What is a B climate according to Koppen?
Dry
what is a B climate according to the koppen climate classification system?
Dry (desert)
In the tropical deciduous forest, trees shed their leaves because of a short but pronounced _____
Dry season
Another designation for the Mediterranean climate is...
Dry summer subtropical
What serves as a geographic barrier to separate the Palearctic and Oriental zoogeographical regions?
Himalayas
Which of the following is one of the major mountain ranges of Central Asia?
Hindu Kush
Ungulates are _____
Hoofed mammals
Most of the broad-scale air-movements that comprise the general circulation are...
Horizontal
Which of the following explains how Turkey has achieved relative economic stability without the benefit of large oil reserves?
It has diversified its economy into agriculture, tourism, and manufacturing.
Which of the following countries are included in the Eurozone?
It includes only the European countries that have adopted the Euro as their currency.
Why does carbon dioxide have a significant influence on climate?
It is an effective absorber of infared radiation
Why does carbon dioxide have a significant influence on climate?
It is an effective absorber of infrared radiation.
Why is a woman in rural eastern Afghanistan required to cover her entire body, including her face, in public?
It is an ethnic Pashtun custom.
On which date of the year will the sun's rays strike perpendicular to the surface at the Tropic of Cancer?
June 21
The farthest north the vertical rays of the Sun ever reach occurs on or about
June 21
When are the vertical rays of the Sun striking the Earth at the Tropic of Cancer?
June Solstice
Which geologic period is part of the Mesozoic Era?
Jurassic
Which of the following Central Asian countries has the most developed economy?
Kazakhstan
Where are unnamed ariel drones tracking poachers?
Kenya
From what region does the term karst derive?
Kras plateau of Slovenia
Which of the following currents is warm?
Kuroshio Current
Which of the following currents is warm?
Kuroshio current
According to the textbook, which of the following Central Asian countries has a U.S. military base within its borders?
Kyrgyzstan
Which three Central Asian countries share the Fergana Valley?
Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan
The most important Earth resources satellite series was started in the 1970s and is known as
Landsat
Which of the following is most closely identified with "multispectral remote sensing?"
Landsat
The most important earth resources satellite series was started in the 1970's and is known as _______
Landsat (31)
Which of the following is most closely identified with "multispectral remote sensing?"
Landsat (37)
Which is the worlds latest Earth-observing satellite?
Landsat 8
Which country in Central Asia has vast reserves of copper, gold, and other minerals?
Mongolia
_____ are egg laying mammals
Monotreme
According to the text, since what political declaration has the United States been able to claim the Caribbean as part of its sphere of influence and maintain Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands as its territories?
Monroe Doctrine
The phenomenon most directly responsible for the seasonally moist climate of northern Australia is...
Monsoon
Which triggered a landslide that killed 19 people in Indonesia?
Monsoon rains
Which of the following is closely associated with acid rain?
Motor Vehicle Exhaust
What are the steep (nearly vertical) drainage shafts inside a glacier called?
Moulins
Which of the following forms of mass wasting is relatively fast and wet compared to the others?
Mudflow
In regard to moisture content, which of the following is the correct sequence of mass wasting processes, ordered from wettest to driest?
Mudflow, earthflow, solifluction, landslide, and rockfall
A _______ tends to move along a slope surface and be dictated by drainage patterns, whereas a ______ involves slope collapse and has no relationship to a drainage network
Muflow, earthflow
Who successfully launched Landsat 8?
NASA
What did researchers use to study bark beetles and wildfires?
NASA satellites
If it is Monday and you travel across the International Date Line going eastward, what day is it after you cross the line?
Sunday
If it is Monday and you travel across the International Date Line traveling eastward, what day is it after you cross the line?
Sunday
Water that stays in liquid form at temperatures below freezing is termed...
Supercooled
Hail becomes larger because it collides with...
Supercooled water.
Why are Rhino horns highly coveted in some parts of the world?
Supposed Medical healing powers
50. Which of the following best describes a cyclone?
Surface convergence, ascending air, and upper atmosphere divergence
Which of the following best describes an anticyclone?
Surface divergence, descending air, and upper atmosphere convergence
Water waves that escape the influence of winds generating the fetch become __________.
Swells
Why does the intensity of solar rays diminish as they travel away from the Sun?
THe distance between rays increases as they move away from the Sun's spherical body, which serves to disperse the energy over a larger area.
Incorrect Which term is applied to all rock debris deposited directly by glacial ice with no meltwater redeposition involved?
TILL
True or False: Jason is a homosexual?
TRUE
Which of the following features is a direct result of rockfall?
Talus cone
What are the adaptive morphological structures that allow a phreatophyte to survive arid climates?
Tap roots, small leaves
If a continental polar air mass were to move over the Midwestern United States, what would the effect most likely be?
Temperatures would decrease and humidity would decrease.
If a continental polar air mass were to move over the Midwestern United States, what would the effect most likely be?
Temperatures would decrease, and humidity would decrease.
Radar imagery is suited for sensing ___
Terrain
A______ is a small to medium mass of lithosphere-bounded on all sides by faults- that may have been carried a long distance by a drifting plate, eventually to converge with the edge of another plate
Terrane
Which is a small to medium size mass of lithosphere that may eventually converge with the edge of another plate?
Terrane
When do angiosperms dominate the landscape?
Tertiary 50-60 mya
By far, the zoogeographic region with the most distinctive fauna is ___
The Australian region
Why do more than 80 percent of hurricanes originate in or just poleward of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ)?
The Coriolis effect is too weak near the equator to allow cyclonic rotation to be established.
Coriolis effect exists because...
The Earth rotates
The region in which the intertropical convergence can be found is...
The Equator
When surface cold air pushes far equator ward and warm air pushes far poleward...
The Rossby Waves have great amplitude
Which of the following is the least likely zone of formation for a large air mass?
The U.S. Midwest
Which of the following statements is true regarding health care and aging in North America?
The United States is gradually moving toward more universal healthcare coverage.
For what is the ionosphere responsible?
The generation of auroral displays
Which statement about the 2011 Japan earthquake and tsunami is correct?
The earthquake occurred in an oceanic trench
Which statement about the 2011 Japan earthquake and tsunami is correct?
The earthquake occurred in an oceanic trench.
Radiation (ch 4 q 7.1)
The emission and the flow of electromagnetic energy
Radiation
The emission of the flow of electromagnetic energy
Under what condition is air said to be conditionally unstable?
The environmental lapse rate is between the dry adiabatic rate and the saturated adiabatic rate
Under what condition is air said to be conditionally unstable?
The environmental lapse rate is between the dry adiabatic rate and the saturated adiabatic rate.
A map that portrays the correct size of continents?
Equivalent Projection
Which feature is a subglacial streambed?
Esker
Which of the following supranational organizations is the driving force behind Europe's current economic and political integration?
European Union
Cold air moving over a warmer lake surface will result in a(n) _____ type of fog.
Evaporation
The transfer of moisture from land to air is termed...
Evapotranspiration
What is the GNSS for Europe?
Galileo
North America's greatest hurricane disaster took place at...
Galveston, Tx
What is GIS?
Geographic Information System
A satellite that remains over the same spot all the time is ___
Geosynchronous
A satellite that remains over the same spot all the time is _____
Geosynchronous
Which of the following languages has the most native speakers in Europe?
German
Where in Europe is the largest Muslim population found?
Germany
Which of the following statements correctly characterizes the major migration flows in Europe?
Germany is one of the leading destinations for migrants.
The volume of water that is flowing in a stream
discharge
_____ is the volume of stream flow per unit of time
discharge
what is the main problem with the mercator projection?
distorted land masses in polar regions
On an orthophoto map, one might expect to find
distortion-free photographs
How do midlatitude cyclones in the Southern Hemisphere differ from midlatitude cyclones in the Northern Hemisphere?
They tend to be more frequent and oriented more over the South American continent.
How do midlatitude cyclones in the Southern Hemisphere differ from midlatitude cyclones in the Northern Hemisphere?
They tend to be more frequent and oriented more over the southern ocean
What effect do occlusions in midlatitude cyclones have on the weather?
They tend to be more frequent and oriented more over the southern ocean.
What effect do occlusions in midlatitude cyclones have on the weather?
They weaken the cyclone's pressure gradient, shutting down the storm's source of energy.
What effect do occlusions in midlatitude cyclones have on the weather?
They weaken the cyclone's pressure gradient, shutting down the storms source of energy
Which statement comparing tropical deciduous forests with tropical rainforests is correct?
Tropical deciduous forests possess a greater number of ground-dwelling fauna
Which statement comparing tropical deciduous forests with tropical rainforests is correct?
Tropical deciduous forests possess a greater number of ground-dwelling fauna.
Vertical zonation is particularly prominent in which region?
Tropical highlands
Which biome is probably the most complex & the one with the greatest biodiversity?
Tropical rainforest
Which biome is probably the most complex and the one with the greatest biodiversity
Tropical rainforest
Which of the following appear best to explain the long term cycles of glacial and interglacial events?
Variations in Earth-Sun relations
Which of the following appear to best explain the long-term cycles of glacial and interglacial events?
Variations in Earth-Sun relations
What is a lahar?
a mixture of ash, water, and pyroclastic materials
140. China has taken the lead in commissioning a project to link Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Kazakhstan with which of the following?
a natural gas pipeline
What is a horn?
a peak that several mountain glaciers have eroded
Which of the following characteristics typifies a mature middle latitude cyclone?
a warm sector in part of the storm
What happens if precipitation exceeds potential evaportranspiration at a given location?
a water surplus
What happens if precipitation exceeds potential evapotranspiration at a given location?
a water surplus
The total possible load a stream can transport is its ___________, whereas a stream's ability to move particles of specific size is its ___________.
capacity; competence
Underground water is usually a weak solution of what acid?
carbonic acid
To represent elevation on maps, cartographers use ________,
contour lines
To represent elevation on topographic maps, cartographers use ___
contour lines
what connects points of equal elevation on a topographic map?
contour lines
125. What is the driving mechanism for plate tectonics?
convection within the mantle
What is the driving mechanism for plate tectonics?
convection within the mantle
Surface heating at a given location on Earth's surface gives air buoyancy and causes it to rise.
convectional
Which action is associated with the western coast of South America?
convergence
what causes the ITCZ? (intertropical convergence zone)
convergence of NE and SE Tradewinds
The Himalayas were formed by crumpling of plate edges in a ________ zone.
convergent
Which plate boundary is associated with volcanic arcs?
convergent
The plate boundaries which are _____ are likely to make volcanic islands arcs
convergent between continental plates
60. What were the original steel pan drums of Trinidad made from?
discarded oil drums left from an American military base that was there in the 1940s
Thunderstorms accompany...
all of the above
What is the correct term for the sediment deposits that are formed from streams flowing out of the Central Asian mountains that have long been devoted to intensive cultivation?
alluvial fans
The general term applied to stream-deposited debris is ________.
alluvium
The general term for stream deposited debris is_______
alluvium
In what location are thunderstorms LEAST likely to form?
along the Arctic Circle
Which of the following is one of the four general topographic regions that Europe can be organized into?
alpine mountain system
In the last decade or so there has been...
an increase in the number of hurricanes
Which phrase best describes climax vegetation?
an optimal floristic cover
These plants perish during times of climatic stress
annuals
Rainforest fauna is largely ___ because the principal food sources are in the canopy rather than on the ground
arboreal
A disadvantage of globes compared to maps is that globes are not
as portable
A disadvantage of globes compared to maps is that globes are not ___
as portable
The entrenched practice of maintaining large estates is called _________, whereas the practice of farming small plots for subsistence is _________.
atifundia/minifundia
Why does ice float?
As water freezes, it expands and its density decreases
Why does ice float?
As water freezes, it expands and its density decreases.
Which of the following bodies of water border Europe?
Baltic
In the diagram, label A represents which igneous feature?
Batholith
Which landform does wave deposition create?
Beach
where are the mid latitudes?
(North) between tropics of cancer and arctic circle (South) between tropic of capicorn and antarctic circle
if the air possesses a saturated adiabatic rate of 7°C, what would be the temperatures of the air at a lifting condensation level of 2000 meters, at the mountain's 4000-meter peak, and at sea level on the mountain's leeward side?
0°, −14°, and 26°
what defines a thunderstorm as severe?
1 inch hail, 58 mph winds, or tornadoes
What is Haitian rara music?
-It is highly political, dealing with oppression and poverty. -It is a mixture of percussion, saxophones, and bamboo trumpets. -It is performed in French Creole and celebrates African ancestry. All of the choices are correct.
Why is Belize unique in the Caribbean region?
-Local villagers created a wildlife sanctuary for monkeys. -Biological diversity is not as threatened as on the islands. -It was only selectively logged and still has ample forest cover.
Which of the following is one of the European Orthodox sects that resulted from the schism between Western and Eastern Christianity?
-Russian Orthodox -Greek Orthodox -Bulgarian Orthodox
Besides the Caribbean Islands, which of the following is also considered part of the Caribbean?
-Suriname -Belize -Guyana -French Guiana ALL ARE CORRECT
Which of the following are part of the African religious traditions that have evolved in the Caribbean?
-Voodoo (Vodoun) -Santería -Obeah -Candomblé ALL
Which of the following is true regarding the position of women in Central Asia during the Soviet era?
-Women often encountered limits on career advancement. -Efforts were made to educate women. -The Soviet Union encouraged women to enter the workforce.
In which of the following ways do modern European cities still reflect the different historical periods through which they have endured?
-cramped housing with few modern facilities -defensive walls and increased density within -industrial areas located outside existing city walls
The world region Southwest Asia and North Africa is a key global culture hearth where many cultural innovations were developed and from which they diffused widely. Which of the following best describes this cultural hearth?
-key human crossroads -early center for agriculture -birthplace of three major religions -location for several great civilizations ALL
How have people in the Southwest Asia and North Africa region adapted to their mostly arid environment?
-pastoral nomadism -oasis settlement -dry farming and irrigated agriculture ALL
In particular, changes in transportation technologies have been influential in transforming and forming the organization of U.S. cities in which of the following ways?
-suburban downtowns -gentrification -edge cities -central business districts (CBD)
The Taliban, a radical fundamentalist Islamic group, controlled Afghanistan from the mid-1990s to 2001. Before they were forced from power by invasion of U.S. and UK troops, the Taliban severely restricted daily life for Afghans by outlawing which of the following?
-television -films or movies -music -kite-flying
Which of the following best describes the key environmental issues that threaten North America?
-the impact of acid rain on sensitive lake environments in the East -hazardous waste sites -soil degradation -endangered and polluted rivers
Which of the following is a traditional attribute of the characteristic Islamic city?
-the medina, a walled urban core dominated by a central mosque and associated buildings -the suq, a marketplace or bazaar where goods and services are traded -housing districts that maximize shade and accentuate privacy -houses with small windows that typically open inward to private courtyards
Beginning in the 1700s, Europe was the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution. The rapid transformation associated with this revolution relied heavily on local resources, such as which of the following?
-water -coal -iron
The overall movement of populations within the United States has been in which of the following directions?
-westward -southward -into cities -selectively into rural areas
The tundra climate is bounded on its poleward side by the average annual ______ degree C isotherm.
0
how long is daylight north of the arctic circle during the december solstice?
0 hours
Given the figure below, if the air possesses a saturated adiabatic rate of 7°C, what would be the temperatures of the air at a lifting condensation level of 2000 meters, at the mountain's 4000-meter peak, and at sea level on the mountain's leeward side?
0°, −14°, and 26°
Place the steps into their proper sequence regarding the scientific method.
1. First Observe phenomena 2. Second Generate hypothesis 3. Third Design experiment 4. Fourth Predict outcomes 5. Fifth Conduct experiment 6. Sixth Draw conclusions
Place the steps into their proper sequence regarding the scientific method.
1. Observe phenomena 2. Generate a hypothesis. 3. Design an experiment 4. Predict outcomes. 5. Conduct an experiment. 6. Draw conclusions or formulate rules.
Hurricane formation is rare within ________ degrees of the Equator.
10
If a wave has a 20-meter wavelength, then at about what depth is the wave base?
10
As a rule, thunderstorms are unknown poleward of ________ latitude.
10 degrees
If a wave has a 20 meter wavelength, then at about what depth is the wave base
10 meters
If a wave has a 20 meter wavelength, then at about what depth is the wave base?
10 meters
What is the probability of a 10 year flood during any given year?
10%
what percentage of thunderstorms become severe
10%
When was the cretaceous period
100 MYA
When was the Laramide Orogeny?
100 MYA referred to rise of rockies (pretatious period)
When was the Cretaceous Period?
100 million years ago
When was the Laramide Orogeny?
100 mya Era: Mesozoic, Period: Cretaceous
When was the rise of the Rocky Mountains?
100 mya Era: Mesozoic, Period: Cretaceous
A flood that has a 1% probability of occurrence in any given year
100 year flood plain
on average, how many thunderstorms occur in the USA each year?
100,000
on avg, how many tornadoes strike the U.S every year?
1000
In order to be classified as a hurricane, sustained wind velocity must exceed ________ kilometers per hour (mph).
119 (74)
how long is day and night during the march equinox?
12 hours
80. According to the text, Sub-Saharan Africa currently has _________ of the world's population but accounts for only _________ of the world's total economic activity.
13 percent; 2 percent
Approximately how much energy is received at the top of Earth's atmosphere?
1372 watts per square meter
Approximately how much energy is received at the top of earth's atmosphere?
1372 watts per square meter
One hour of time equals how many degrees of Earth rotation?
15
One hour of time equals how many degrees of Earth rotation?
15 degrees
When was the Jurassic Period?
150 mya
When was the Mercator Projection "originated"?
1569
when was the mercator projection invented?
1569
One hour of time equals how many degrees of Earth rotation?
15°
If the velocity of a stream is quadrupled, how much does the stream's competence increase?
16 fold
If the velocity of a stream is quadrupled, how much does the stream's competence increase?
16-fold
Gerhardus Mercator
16th century german/flemish cartographer
The present estimate of the Earth's age is about ____ years
4.6 billion
The present estimate of the Earth's age is about ________ years.
4.6 billion
when was the Devonian period?
400 MYA
When was the Devonian Period?
400 million years ago
When did land plants develop?
400 mya Era:Paleozoic Period:Devonian
When was the "Age of Fish"?
400-450 mya Era: Paleozoic Period: Devonian
Although life expectancy in much of Sub-Saharan Africa is low, population growth rates are high. As a result, the overall percentage of people under age 15 is _________ whereas the overall percentage of people over age 65 is _________.
43 percent; 3 percent
When was the Silurian Period?
450 mya Era: Paleozoic
Given the normal diurnal temperature curve, when would relative humidity be lowest?
4pm
At any given time, how many extratropical cyclones might one expect to be in existence in the Northern Hemisphere?
5 to 10
approximately how many midlatitude cyclones are there at any given time?
5-15
What would be the proper coordinates for the location depicted by the red dot on the map?
50 degrees N latitude, 60 degrees east longitude
What would be the proper coordinated fro the location depicted by the red dot on the map?
50° N latitude, 60° E longitude
When was the "Cambrian Explosion"?
550 mya
Life expectancy for Sub-Saharan Africa is only _________ years.
57
The world's highest recorded temperature was in Libya and closest to ____ degrees Celsius.
58
_____ knots is the minimum speed for a wind aloft to be termed a "jet stream".
60
When was the "age of mammals"
65 to present (Cenozoic era) tertiarary and quaternary period
Given the normal diurnal temperature curve, when would relative humidity be lowest?
6:00 P.M.
Earth's crust appears to be composed of _____ major plates and an equal number of intermediate ones
7
Low-pressure disturbances achieve hurricane status when winds reach what speed?
74 mph
Despite the fact that women are as educated as men, women earn only _________ cents for every dollar that men earn.
78
How many calories are absorbed/released when 1 gram of water freezes/melts?
80
How many calories are absorbed/released when 1 gram of water freezes/melts
80 Calories
How many calories are absorbed/released when 1 gram of water freezes/melts?
80 calories
The jet streams of the midlatitudes can usually be found at elevations ranging from ______ kilometers.
9 to 12
Which of the following surfaces have low albedos?
A black shingled roof, a tropical forest canoby
Which of the following surfaces have low albedos? Select all that apply.
A black-shingled roof and a tropical forest canopy
In the diagram, the labels represent which fluvial landforms?
A=meandering stream C&F=bluffs E=Oxbow lake G=Natural levees
Which of the following best describes a biome?
A large, recognizable assemblage of plants and animals that interact with their environment
Isobar
A line of equal atmospheric pressure
Isobar (Chapter 2, question 12.2)
A line of equal atmospheric pressure
Contour line
A line of equal elevation
Contour line (Chapter 2, question 12.3)
A line of equal elevation
Isogonic line
A line of equal magnetism
Isogonic line (Chapter 2, question 12.4)
A line of equal magnetism
To what feature does the term uvala refer?
A linear landform generated
To what feature does the term uvalarefer ?
A linear landform generated by a series of intersecting dolines
Water moving roughly parallel to the coastal shoreline is called ___
A longshore current
What to the paleomagnetic data of the seafloor reveal?
A mirror image of polarity reversals lies on either side of mid ocean ridges
What do the paleomagnetic data of the seafloor reveal?
A mirror image of polarity reversals lies on either side of midocean ridges.
What is a lahar?
A mixture of ash, water, and pyroclastic materials
If you started at the equator and traveled north or south, which sequence of climates would you encounter?
AF Aw BWh Cs
What is the primary difference between a GIS and a computer generated map?
All of the above
What is a horn?
A peak that several mountain glaciers have eroded
What is a thematic map?
A type of map or chart specifically designed to show a particular theme connected with a specific geographic area.
Which of the following characteristics typifies a mature middle latitude cyclone?
A warm sector in part of the storm
What happens if precipitation exceeds potential evapotranspiration at a given location?
A water surplus
A mid-latitude cyclone is also properly termed...
A wave cyclone
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the mid-latitude desert climate type?
A winter maximum of precipitation
Radar (ch 2 q 14.2)
A. penetrates clouds for terrain analysis
Which feature would most suggest that you are in a karst landscape?
Absence of surface drainage
Thunderstorms are violent ________ storms accompanied by thunder and lightning.
Adiabatic
which is the koppen climate classification of the amazon rain forest?
Af
If you started at the equator and traveled north or south, which sequence of climates would you encounter?
Af, Aw, BSh, BWh, and Cs
If you started at the equator and travelled north or south, which sequence of climates would you encounter?
Af, Aw, BSh, BWh, and Cs
This country, which is the least-developed and most male-dominated country of the region, has the highest birth rate by a wide margin.
Afghanistan
Where did Jane Goodall conduct her breakthrough research?
Africa
Where is the Ethiopian Zoogeographic Region?
Africa
What is the Anthropocene?
Age of humans
Which is the deposition process that fills and raises a stream channel
Aggradation
The classical definition of the world zoogeographic regions is credited to the 19th century British naturalist _____
Alfred R Wallace
The classical definition of world zoogeographic regions is credited to the 19th century British naturalist ___
Alfred R. Wallace
Who is credited with the first classical definition of the world zoogeographical regions?
Alfred Russell Wallace
Who proposed the first comprehensive theory of continental drift?
Alfred Wegner
The Greek classification of climate included...
All of the Above
orographic
An air mass is forced to rise when it encounters a topographic barrier.
25. The effects of an increase in particulates in Earth's atmosphere include which of the following?
An increase in cloud formation
The effects of an increase in particles in Earth's atmosphere include which of the following?
An increase in cloud formation
The effects of an increase in particulates in Earth's atmosphere include which of the following?
An increase in cloud formation
Which phrase best describes climax vegetation?
An optimal floristic cover
What is the primary difference between a GIS and a computer-generated map?
Analysis, Manipulation, Storage, Display
Along with a few conifer species, this type of plant has dominated Earth for the last 50 or 60 million years
Angiosperms
Which plants dominate the Cenozoic Era?
Angiosperms, plants that flower
Along with a few conifer species, this type of plant has dominated Earth for the last 50 or 60 million years
Anglosperms
What is the only continent that has remained near its original position since the breakup and movement of Pangaea?
Antarctica
_____ is not one of the world's biomes
Antarctica
where is the coldest place in the world?
Antarctica
___ is not one of the world's biomes
Antartica
Sinking air that diverges when it reaches Earth's surface is closely associated with...
Anticyclones
An Earth surface pressure of pressure of 1,005 millibars is associated with...
Any of the above, depending upon conditions
Which is the latest cartographic catastrophe?
Apple Mapping
when did an EF 4 tornado strike Tuscaloosa, Alabama?
April 27th, 2011
When is peak tornado season in the USA?
April-June (Peak in May)
Acid rainfall does conspicuous damage to...
Aquatic ecosystems
One of the great environmental tragedies of the late 20th century was the virtual destruction of which of the following Central Asian water bodies?
Aral Sea
Rainforest fauna is largely _____ because the principal food sources are in the canopy rather than on the ground
Arboreal
Which of these characteristics of the globe can be accurately preserved on an equivalent projection?
Area
The western coasts of continents in the subtropical zones are in ______ precipitation zones.
Arid
Which of the following are not vertebrates?
Arthropods
Who developed the first geological time scale?
Arthur Holmes
Why was Asia less extensively covered than North America during the Pleistocene glaciation?
Asia's subarctic portion lacked enough precipitation for the ice to last
Why was Asia less extensively covered than North America during the Pleistocene glaciation?
Asia's subarctic portion lacked enough precipitation for the ice to last.
Why was Asia less extensively covered than North America during the Pleistocene glaciation?.
Asia's subarctic portion lacked enough precipitation for the ice to last.
What is theorized to have caused massive extinctions at eh K-T Boundary?
Asteroid
At which locations is solar energy most concentrated?
At locations where the angle of incidence is 90 degrees
The polar jet stream can be found...
At the boundary between warm and cold air.
When do most tropical cyclones occur in North America?
August-September
The brown tree snake is native to _____
Australia
Trees of the genus Eucalyptus dominate the vegetation of ___
Australia
Trees of the genus Eucalyptus dominate the vegetation of _____
Australia
Which country has the largest barrier reef in the Western Hemisphere?
Australia
Which country was struck by Tropical Cyclone Oswald?
Australia
Which location on the map would most likely possess a Cs climate?
Australia
What is the most significant reason why Australia's biota is so different from biota elsewhere in the world?
Australia was geographically isolated for millions of years
What is the most significant reason why Australia's biota is so different from biota elsewhere in the world?
Australia was geographically isolated for millions of years.
Marsupials dominate the fauna of the ___ zoogeographic region
Australian
Marsupials dominate the fauna of the _____ zoogeographic region
Australian
Fauna is by far the most distinctive
Australian (Most diverse Animal species)
Which of the following statements about the effects of global warming is correct?
Average temperatures in the Arctic over the last 100 years have been increasing at almost double the global rate.
Which of the following first letters of the Köppen climate classification system is correctly defined?
B climates are dry climates.
Thermal infared (ch 2 q 14.1)
B. shows temperature differences between land and water
Which of the following converts MOST of the atmospheric nitrogen to compounds (nitrates) that plants can use?
BACTERIA
What is the name of the global-scale grouping of plants and animals?
BIOME
The mid-latitude steppe fits into the Koppen classification as...
BSk
The climatic type for the desert areas is ________.
BW
Which of the following converts MOST of the atmospheric nitrogen to compounds (nitrates) that plants can use?
Bacteria
Jewish migration into what is now Israel increased after Britain took Palestine from the Ottoman Empire in 1917 and issued a pledge to encourage the "establishment of Palestine as a home for the Jewish people." What was this pledge known as?
Balfour Declaration
Why are scientists concerned with the Asian carp?
Because it is wiping out species and has no natural predators
What is clay's effect on mass wasting?
Because of its ability to absorb water and its slippery characteristics, it generates lower levels of slope cohesion.
Why are thunderstorms generally associated with continents than oceans?
Because they occur over land
What is the name of the cool ocean current in the South Atlantic that is proposed to inhibit cyclogenesis?
Benguela
which ocean current cools the South Atlantic influencing tropical cyclone formation?
Benguela current
Which of the following facilitated the interchange of animals between the Nearctic & Palearctic zoogeographic regions?
Bering Land Bridge
Which of the following facilitated the interchange of animals between the Nearctic and Palearctic zoogeographic regions?
Bering Land Bridge
What is the name of the land bridge that connected the Palearctic and Nearctic regions?
Beringia ( The Bering Straight)
What was the 1884 event that culminated in the carving up of Sub-Saharan Africa by European colonial powers?
Berlin Conference
What was the most visible symbol of the Cold War in Europe?
Berlin Wall
Which word of phrase applies to the origin of the general term for all material moved by a glacier?
Biblical
Which word or phrase applies to the origin of the general term for all material moved by a glacier?
Biblical
___ refers to the number of different kinds of organisms present in a location
Biodiversity
_____ refers to the number of different kinds of organisms present in a location
Biodiversity
___ is the study of the distribution patterns of living organisms & how these patterns change over time
Biogeography
What is the name of the global-scale grouping of plants and animals?
Biome
What type of terrestrial ecosystem do bio-geographers prefer to study?
Biome
What type of terrestrial ecosystem do biogeographers prefer to study?
Biome
___ is the term for the total complex of plant & animal life
Biota
_____ is the term for the total complex of plant & animal life.
Biota
Biome closely associated with D climates
Boreal Forest
What causes stream rejuvenation?
Both sea-level drop and tectonic uplift
What is the ultimate effect of headward erosion?
Both valley lengthening and decreasing interfluve area
Another legacy of colonialism in the Caribbean was the migration of indentured laborers to replace freed slaves in the mid-1800s. Which of the following is correct regarding this colonial legacy?
British Guyana imported labor from India.
How did Asian carp get into the Mississippi River?
Broke out from fishery
What color are contour lines?
Brown
Migration into and within a region often changes the ethnic composition of that region. As this applies to North America, which of the following is true?
By 2050, non-Hispanic whites in the United States will have minority status.
On the projects below which one shows the actual route a plane or ship could follow? (Chapter 2, question 7)
C
The classic Marine west-coast climate is the ___
CFB
which is the symbolic nomenclature for a mediterranean type climate in the koppen climate classifiaction?
CS
Which of the following common rock-forming elements is most soluble in water?
Calcium
In the United States, winter precipitation exceeds summer precipitation in...
California
Which of the following is TRUE concerning the surface westerlies?
Cause weather to move from east to west.
The most recent Era on the Earth is
Cenozoic
The most recent Era on the Earth is ________.
Cenozoic
Which geological era includes the Tertiary Period?
Cenozoic
When is the "Age of Mammals"?
Cenozoic (60 mya to present)
What is the present-day geological time period?
Cenozoic era, we are in the quaternary time period
In which area has groundwater extraction due to population growth contributed heavily to sinkhole formation?
Central Florida
Of the regions of the USA, which has the highest incidence of tornadoes?
Central States
which is the koppen climate classification of hong kong, china?
Cfa
which is the symbolic nomenclature for a humid subtropical climate in the koppen climate classification system?
Cfa
which is the koppen climate classification of Austin?
Cfa (subtropical)
Which of the following factors BEST explains why a parcel of rising air cools and a parcel of descending air heats without the exchange of energy from the surrounding atmosphere?
Changes in atmospheric pressure at different altitudes
Which of the following factors BEST explains why a parcel of rising air cools and parcel of descending air heats without the exchange of energy from the surrounding atmosphere?
Changes in atmospheric pressure at different altitudes
Which of the following factors BEST explains why a parcel rising air cools and a parcel of descending air heats without the exchange of energy from the surrounding atmosphere?
Changes in atmospheric pressure at different altitudes
Which animal did Jane Goodall study?
Chimpanzee
Which was Jane Goodall's major scientific discovery?
Chimpanzees could use tools
Where is there a strong demand for Rhino horns?
China
For which of the following reasons does China maintain strict control over the Xinjiang province?
China views its Central Asian lands as essential parts of its national territory.
Probably the largest concern with the geographer's use of maps & imagery is ___
Choosing the most effective maps and imagery
_______ are the smallest volcanoes
Cinder cones
How do water particles in a deep-water wave move?
Circular orbits
How to water particles in deep-water wave move?
Circular orbits
Among cloud types, those that occur at the highest altitudes are the...
Cirrus
The desire to simplify, organize, and generalize the vast array of climatic data into a comprehensible system that helps us understand the distribution of climates over Earth leads to...
Classification
Which of the following first letter of the koppen climate classification system is correctly defined?
Climates are dry climates
Represents the optimal floristic assemblage for that environment
Climax vegetation
Air in an anticyclone always flows _____ in the Northern Hempisphere
Clockwise
The UV index of a location depends on which of the following?
Cloud cover
How does mercury enter the river system?
Coal burning power plants
Of the following, which is not considered a map essential?
Color
______ is a measure of the particle size a stream can transport
Competence
75. What, besides warm water, fuels and strengthens a hurricane?
Condensation releasing a tremendous amount of energy in the form of latent heat
A map that portrays the correct shape of continents
Conformal Projection
Which plants dominated the earth during the Mesozoic era?
Conifers
Climate characterized by wide variation in the average annual temperature range due to hot summers and cold winters
Continental Climate
Of these below, the coldest, driest ones are termed...
Continental Polar
What is the driving mechanism for plate tectonics?
Convection within the mantle
Which action is associated with the western coast of South America?
Convergence
Which of the following is one of the major religious and place associations represented in the Southwest Asia and North Africa region?
Coptic Christians in Egypt
In the Northern Hemisphere, a mid-latitude cyclone has winds that circulate...
Counterclockwise while converging
Which of the following has not been accomplished using geopositioning technology?
Counting individual people in the USA census
What is the slow downslope movement that causes retaining walls to tip and collapse?
Creep
The sharp face of a rotational slide is usually ____ shaped because the material slides down a ____ plane.
Crescent, concave
When did dinosaurs roam the earth?
Cretaceous Period
which is the koppen climate classification Rome, Italy
Csa
which is the koppen climate classification Perth, Australia
Csb
The Greater Antilles contains the four largest islands in the Caribbean. Which of the following is one of these four?
Cuba`
Which of the following cloud types has the greatest height (from top to bottom of the cloud) ?
Cumolonimbus
Which type of cloud is associated with thunderstorms
Cumulonimbus
Which of the following is known as the "green city" of Brazil, where city planners worked to minimize pollution and create good public transportation networks, open spaces, and recycling projects?
Curitiba
The Mercator Projection is a ________ projection
Cylindrical
Koppen climate that is absent in the southern hemisphere.
D
Midlatitude climate associated with cold snowy winters
D
The Koppen climate classification system that is found only in the northern hemisphere
D
Which location on the map would most likely possess a Cs climate?
D
Of the main Koppen climate zones, ____ is the only one that does not occur in the southern hemisphere.
D (Continental Climates)
Distinguish between the C and the D climates according to Koppen
D has cold snowy winters
Color infared (ch 2 q 14.4)
D. Shows dead or withering vegetation
Which of the following correctly lists the thermal layers of Earth's atmosphere from Earth's surface toward space?
EARTH ★Troposphere ★stratosphere ★mesosphere ★thermosphere ★exosphere SPACE
All months have average temperatures below freezing in the ___ climatic type
EF
What satellite uses MODIS?
EOS
Which satellite uses MODIS?
EOS
Who developed ArcGIS software?
ESRI (Environmental Systems Research Institute)
At its equator-ward margin the _____ climate is bounded by the 0 degree Celsius isotherm of annual average temperature.
ET
What is EOS?
Earth Observing Satellite
Coriolis effect exists because
Earth rotates
To what is the Coriolis effect attributed?
Earth's rotation
What causes the coriolis effect?
Earth's rotation
What is the Coriolis effect attributed to?
Earth's rotation
Concerning the biosphere, the geographic viewpoint is most often concerned with _____
Ecosystems
150. How is an interfluve best described?
Elevated land that separates valleys
How is an interfluve best described?
Elevated land that separates valleys
Lines of a topographic map used to portray the relief of the land
Elevation Contour line
The concept of the ecosystem focuses on the flow of ___________ among its various components.
Energy
The Caribbean diaspora includes movement within the region as well as movement to other regions. What is the most popular destination for people from Barbados?
England
Russian became the lingua franca of the western part of Central Asia during the Soviet era, but which of the following is an emerging language due to globalization?
English
Geological time scale (longest to shortest)
Eon, Era, Period, Epoch
Which of the following is the shortest amount of time?
Epoch
Some of the spore bearing plants are termed _____
pteridophytes
Which of the following is an example of mechanical weathering?
Exfoliation
Which landform is a a direct result of unloading?
Exfoliation dome
Which landform is a direct result of unloading?
Exfoliation dome
Trade blocs, such as LAFTA and CACM, are examples of supranational organizations. Which of the following offers an example of subnational organizations?
FARC (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia)
Why was the theory of continental drift rejected?
Failure to propose a suitable mechanism.
When was Landsat 8 launched?
Feb 11th, 2013
when was the enhanced fujita scale implemented by meteorologists?
Feb 1st, 2011
when do tropical cyclones generally strike the coasts of Australia?
February and March
what plants dominate the Paleozoic Era?
Ferns
The surface area over which wind blows to create waves is termed the _____ area.
Fetch
Which glacial term applies to a feature associated with the surface of a glacier?
Firn
Which sank barges along the Mississippi River?
Floods
What is an angiosperm?
Flowering plant with seeds
Why are the Pygmy Elephants poisoned in Malaysia?
For ruining farm land
Which of the following natural vegetation associations covers more land area?
Forests and woodlands
Which of the following vegetation associations covers more land area?
Forests and woodlands
Distinguish between forests and woodlands
Forests have multiple layers of canopy woodlands do not
Which is associated with the GREATEST amount of energy per gram of water?
Freezing
Where in the Caribbean region is the European Space Center and launch site?
French Guiana
Which of the following features erupts no water and sends out only steam?
Fumarole
Which of the following features erupts no water and sends out only stream?
Fumarole
Computer systems designed to analyze and display spacial data
GIS
Which of the following would be used for overlay analysis where 2 or more map layers are superimposed or integrated?
GIS
computer systems that are designed to collect, store, retrieve, reorganize, analyze, and map geographic data from the real world?
GIS
What is Russia's GNSS?
GLONASS
A global navigation satellite system for determining accurate positions on or near the Earth's surface
GPS
Some of the spore-bearing plants are termed ___
pteridophytes
Paternoster lakes are to _____________ as tarns are to cirques.
Glacial steps
GNSS?
Global Navigation Satellite System, to plot postions
If you enlarge or reduce a map on a copy machine or a computer screen, which of the scales below would be preserved?
Graphic
What is the energizing force of mass movement processes?
Gravity
Which force most significantly influences mass wasting?
Gravity
Where is the Ogallala Aquifer, which is important for the irrigation of large amounts of cropland in North America, located?
Great Plains of the United States
According to a majority of climate scientists, which of the following factors is the primary ingredient in the global warming taking place today?
Greenhouse gas concentrations
In the "Ice Crystal Formation" process, precipitation occurs because ice crystals...
Grow at the expense of raindrops
Which of the following statements regarding the growth of human population in Africa is correct?
Growth is the fastest of any continent on Earth today.
Which of the following represents the most significant regional health issue in the Caribbean?
HIV/AIDS
Why was M13 considered a problem bear?
Habituation (Not scared of humans)
The 2 prominent tropical circulation cells- one north and one south of the equator- that generate the Trade Winds
Hadley Cells
Less than 3 percent of the forestland remains in this country.
Haiti
Which landform accompanies a waterfall?
Hanging valley
Who propounded the theory of seafloor spreading in the early 1960's?
Harry Hess, & Dietz
Who is the most concerned about the brown tree snake in Guam?
Hawaii
Where is wave energy usually focused on an emergent coastline?
Headlands
According to the map, the largest differences in the global pattern of the annual range in temperature are most likely attributed to what factor? (ch 4 q 15)
Heat contrasts of land and water
Why does water heat more slowly and to a lower temperature than a comparable area of land surface when both receive the same amount of energy from the sun?
Heat is more mobile in water
Why does water heat up more slowly and to a lower temperature than a comparable area of land surface, when both receive the same amount of energy from the Sun?
Heat is more mobile in water.
Why does water heat more slowly to a lower temperature than a comparable area of land surface when both receive the same amount of energy from the sun?
Heat is more mobile than water
the largest differences in the global pattern of the annual range in temperature are most likely attributed to what factor?
Heating contrasts of land and water
Mass wasting is most likely during
Heavy rain
Which of the following language pairs are Semitic languages within the Afro-Asiatic family?
Hebrew and Arabic
In which situations would Coriolis effect be greatest?
High wind speeds, high latitude
Which example would be the best description of geography's focus of areal differentiation aka how things differ spatially?
How the location of volcanoes in North America differ from the location of volcanoes in Japan
Which example would be the best description of geography's focus of areal differentiation, or how things differ spatially?
How the location of volcanoes in North America differs from the location of volcanoes in Japan
what caused the KT boundary or cretaceous/ tertiary extinction?
Huge asteroid hit the Earth
Which of the following is not part of a Geographic Information System (GIS)
Humans drawing isolines on maps
Steppe climates can be thought of as occupying transitional positions between deserts and...
Humid climates
You are in the Northern Hemisphere. Summer temperatures are warm to hot. Precipitation is moderate, with a summer maximum, but diminishes poleward and toward the interior. Westerly winds, storms, and continental air masses in the winter dominate. What climate region you are you in?
Humid continental
whats the name for tropical cyclones in America?
Hurricanes
What is the process in which water is added to a compound and becomes part of its composition without breaking up the compound?
Hydration
What is the process in which water molecules become attached to other substances, causing them to swell without any changes in chemical composition?
Hydration
Which of the following is a plant that is exotic to Florida & has had disastrous environmental consequences?
Hydrilla
Which of the following is a chemical weathering process?
Hydrolysis
Which of the following provides information about past temperatures and actual samples of the atmospheric composition to build a long record about earth's past climates?
Ice cores
Which of the following provides the longest record of Earth's past climates?
Ice cores
Which of the following usually occurs when oxygen combines with various metallic elements?
If iron is present the resultant materials are more likely to experience rusting
Which of the following usually occurs when oxygen combines with various metallic elements?
If iron is present, the resultant materials are more likely to experience rusting.
SOnar
Images the sea floor
Sonar (ch 2 q 14.3)
Images the seafloor
Which of the following statements regarding deforestation and the use of wood products in Sub-Saharan Africa is correct?
In some communities, village women have organized into groups to plant trees to meet future energy needs.
The effects of ozone depletion include all of the following EXCEPT _____.
Increased temperatures in the stratosphere
The effects of ozone depletion include all of the following except
Increased temperatures in the stratosphere
As the pressure of a gas increases, the density ____ and the temperature _____.
Increases; increases
How are women's roles in the Southwest Asia and North Africa region shifting?
Increasing numbers of women can be found in the health-care field.
Which of the following forms of energy is solar and terrestrial radiation?
Infrared radiation
Showery weather and cumuliform clouds point to the presence of...
Instability
Which of the following were the only countries in Southwest Asia and North Africa to successfully resist European colonization?
Iran (Persia) and Turkey
A north wind...
Is blowing to the south
You are in the Northern Hemisphere. The pressure gradient force is from north to south. The surface wind which blows...
Is from northeast to southwest
La Nina...
Is the opposite of El Nino.
200. What is the process responsible for creating the three types of coral reefs discussed in your textbook?
Island subsidence
What is the process responsible for creating fringing reefs, barrier reefs, and atolls?
Island subsidence
Lines on a map that connect points of equal atmospheric pressure
Isobar
A line on a map joining points of equal quantities of precipitation
Isohyet
A line joining points of equal temperature on a map
Isotherm
What is the greatest significance of latent heat?
It allows water vapor to serve as a large reservoir of energy in Earth's atmosphere
What is the greatest significance of latent heat?
It allows water vapor to serve as a large reservoir of energy in Earth's atmosphere.
What is the greatest significance of latent heat?
It allows water vapor to serve as a large reservoir of heat in Earth's atmosphere.
Which of the following is an advantage of radar over all other remote sensing techniques?
It can penetrate cloud cover
Which of the following is an advantage of radar over all toehr remote sensing techniques?
It can penetrate cloud cover
What is the main problem of the Mercator projection?
It grossly exaggerates areas in high latitude regions
What is the main problem of the Mercator projection?
It grossly exaggerates areas in high latitude regions.
Both Canada and the United States have postindustrial economies. A postindustrial economy is characterized by which of the following?
It is highly urbanized and mobile.
What is the most important characteristic of the general pattern of the circulation of Earth's atmosphere?
It is the principal mechanism for the latitudinal and longitudinal transfer of heat energy
What is the most important characteristic of the general pattern of the circulation of Earth's atmosphere?
It is the principal mechanism for the latitudinal and longitudinal transfer of heat energy.
In regard to the Coriolis effect, which statement is CORRECT?
It is weaker near the equator and stronger close to the poles
In regard to the Coriolis effect, which statement is CORRECT?
It is weaker near the equator and stronger closer to the poles.
Which description is correct regarding the process of wave refraction?
It occurs in shallow water
Which description is correct regarding the process of wave refraction?
It occurs in shallow water.
Which of the following is a major result of volcanic activity?
It outgasses major elements contained within Earth that are beneficial to plant growth.
Which of the following is a major result of volcanic activity?
It outgasses major elements contained within the earth that are beneficial to plant growth
Which of the following is one of the most significant aspects of plate tectonic theory?
It provides an explanation for the wide collection of landforms seen throughout the planet
Which of the following is one of the most significant aspects of plate tectonic theory?
It provides an explanation for the wide collection of landforms seen throughout the planet.
Why does Egypt continue to face economic challenges?
It suffers from a brain drain, as the best-educated young people leave for better jobs elsewhere.
What will happen if a stable air mass is forced aloft?
It will sink back toward Earth's surface.
What will happen if a stable air mass is forced aloft
It will sink back toward earth's surface
Why is the Linnaean classification system inadequate for biogeographic studies?
Its focus on anatomic similarities says little about species distribution and habitat preference
Why is the Linnaean classification system inadequate for biogeographic studies
Its focus on anatomic similarities says little about species distribution and habitat preference.
Why is the Linnaean classification system inadequate for biogeographic studies?
Its focus on anatomic similarities says little about species distribution and habitat preference.
Who theorized the "Supercontinent Cycle"?
J Tuzo. Wilson
Which of the following is human-made and is used primarily for maintenance of navigation?
Jetty
Which of the following are cracks in rock resulting from physical stress?
Joints
Which of the following are cracks in rock resulting in physical stress?
Joints
Based on the number of its adherents, which of the following is one of the smallest religious groups in contemporary Europe?
Judaism
when is hurricane season in the USA?
June 1st- November 30th
On which date of the year will the Sun's rays strike perpendicular to the surface at the Tropic of Cancer?
June 21
What is the theoretical terminus of a drainage basin?
the drainage divide
In relation to Earth's surface, the term "plates" refers to the ______________________.
Large moving sections of the Earth's lithosphere
Which of the following is true about the Latin America region?
Latin American countries are industrializing and diversifying.
According to the concept of vertical zonation, changes in _____ are the counterpart of changes in elevation.
Latitude
The basic implication of vertical zonation of vegetation is that elevation changes are the counterpart of ________________ changes.
Latitude
What was the name of continental ice sheet in North America?
Laurentide
What was the name of the continental ice sheet in North America?
Laurentide
Magma extruded onto the earth's surface is called_______
Lava
Which of the following factors is contributing to the infestation of mountain pine beetles in the forests of western North America?
Less frequent severely cold winters caused by climate change
Which of the following factors is contributing to the infestation of mountain pine beetles in the forests of western north America
Less frequent severely cold winters caused by climate change
___ offers three-dimensional information about surface features with a precision previously unavailable through remote sensing
Lidar
______ offers three-dimmensional information about surface features with a precision previously unavailable through remote sensing
Lidar
Caves are found in most parts of the world where there are thick _____ deposits under the surface
Limestone
Which rock would most likely be weathered through carbonation?
Limestone
Which rock wuld most likely be weathered through carbonation?
Limestone
Which type of bedrock is most commonly associated with Karst Topography?
Limestone
Which river in Mozambique flooded affecting over 100,000 people?
Limpopo River
On the projections below, which one shows the actual route a plane or ship would follow?
Line c (its curvy and goes under)
Which location would most likely experience the GREATEST seasonal contrast in temperature?
Minneapolis, United States
Which statement describes the nature of a transform boundary?
Little or no destruction or creation of rock occurs with this type of boundary
Which statement describes the nature of a transform boundary?
Little or no destruction or creation of rock occurs with this type of boundary.
A missile is launched from Point 1 and targeted to hit Point 2. However, the Coriolis effect is not factored into the missile's coordinates. Given this oversight, which point would the missile most likely strike?
Location A
Which of the locations in the map below is most likely to have milder winter temperatures? (ch 3 q 13)
Location B (splitting U.S. and Canada)
Which current transports sand in parallel to a shore?
Longshore
Which current transports sand parallel to a shore?
Longshore
Tornadoes, although erratic in their pathways, are always characterized by _____ pressure.
Low
Mauritia seperated from _______ 61 to 83.5 million years ago
Madagascar
Which zoogeographic region is noted for lemurs?
Madagascar
Which zoographic region is noted for lemurs
Madagascar
Which of the following physical landform regions is correctly matched with the associated place location given?
Maghreb and Algeria
Which animal group is notable for being endothermic?
Mammals
Which Central Asian country largely follows Tibetan Buddhism?
Mongolia
When is the vernal equinox in the northern hemisphere?
March
On which date does the circle of illumination bisect all parallels equally?
March 21
On which dates does the circle of illumination bisect all parallels equally?
March 21
Which of the following climate types is found at the highest latitudes?
Marine West Coast
Which landform is associated with coastal emergence?
Marine terrace
why does Seattle, Washington have lower annual temperature range than Fargo, ND?
Maritime Climate
The most active phase of a thunderstorm is called the _____ phase.
Mature
Vapor pressure is...
Maximized during saturation
when is peak tornado season in the USA?
May
when is tropical cyclone season in china?
May- November
Which of the following is not a form of remote sensing?
Measurement by thermometer
___ is a biome adapted to summer fires & rapid vegetative recovery
Mediterranean woodland
_____ is a biome adapted to summer fires and rapid vegetative recovery
Mediterranean woodland
The most famous map projection is the ____ projection
Mercator
The most famous map projection is the ______ projection
Mercator
Which projection preserves the globe's property of conformality?
Mercator
Which is the most famous map projection?
Mercator Projection
what is the most famous map projection?
Mercator projection
Which geological era includes the Cretaceous Period?
Mesozoic
When did conifers dominate the landscape?
Mesozoic Period, 225 mya
Which of the following were not historical migrants into the Latin America region?
Mestizo
40. Latin America is an oil-rich region. Which Latin American country is the ninth largest producer of oil in the world?
Mexico
The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) signed in 1994 reduced barriers to trade and investment among Canada, the United States, and which of the following countries?
Mexico
Mexico City is the capital of Mexico and is its primary city. Which of the following statements about Mexico City is correct?
Mexico City is actively limiting the number of new residents to 100,000 annually.
Who introduced geomatics as a new scietific term in an article published in 1981?
Michael Paradis
Calm, fair weather is most likely to result from a/an...
Mid-latitude anticyclone
In the Df and Dw climates, winter precipitation mainly originates from...
Mid-latitude cyclones
The global westerly wind zone most heavily impacts the ________ latitudes.
Middle
Probably the most significant of all atmospheric disturbances are _______
Midlatitude Cyclones
This biome generally has the richest assemblage of fauna in the midlatitudes
Midlatitude deciduous forest
The basic unit of pressure mapped on weather maps is...
Millibars
Which type of biochemical cycle includes nutrients following sedimentary pathways?
Mineral
Which location would most likely experience the GREATEST seasonal contrast in temperature?
Minneapolis
Which location would most likely experience the GREATEST seasonal contrast in temperature?
Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S
Most of North America, including the USA & Canada, lies within the ___ zoogeographic region
Nearctic
Most of North America, including the USA and Canada, likes within the _____ zoogeographic region
Nearctic
The South American continent falls within the ___ zoogeographic region
Neotropical
The South American continent falls within the _____ zoogegraphic region
Neotropical
Which zoogeographical regions are connected by the Panama land bridge?
Neotropical and Nearctic
What is the name of the zoogeographical region that includes South America?
Neotropics
The zoogeographic region dominated by flightless birds is the ___
New Zealand
The zoogeographic region dominated by flightless birds is the _____
New Zealand
Where are scientists studying LAB?
Nicaragua
Which of the following language groups is completely unique to the Sub-Saharan Africa region?
Niger-Congo
Volatile organic compounds are most associated with which of the following?
Nitrogen dioxide Hydrocarbons
Volatile organic compounds are most associated with which of the following?
Nitrogen dioxide and Sulfur dioxide
Volatile organic compounds are most associated with which of the following?
Nitrogen dioxide, hydrocarbons
Which of the following occurs because water is added to atmosphere?
None of the Above
which ocean current moderates the winters of western Europe?
North Atlantic drift
Where is the highest occurrence of tropical cyclones?
North Pacific Basin
In the diagram, label F represent which of the following wind and pressure zone? (ch 5 q 13)
Northeast trade winds
where are typhoons?
Northwest Pacific
who developed mid latitude cyclone model?
Norwegian Scientists
What is the self-governing cultural homeland for Canada's Inuit population?
Nunavut
Which term best describes the shape of Earth?
Oblate spheroid
Which term best describes the shape of earth?
Oblate spheroid
Which of the following can be said to be the "death" of a midlat
Occlusion
Why do maritime climates have more moderate seasonal temperatures?
Ocean Influence
Which convergent plate boundary produces volcanic island arcs?
Ocean-ocean
Which plate boundary is matched correctly with a related phrase?
Ocean-to-ocean—location of a volcanic island arc
Which plate boundary is matched correctly with a related phrase?
Ocean-toocean location of a volcanic island arc
Which landform feature is correctly associated with the tectonic stress underlying its creation?
Offset stream-shear
Which landform feature is correctly associated with the tectonic stress underlying its creation?
Offset stream—shear
The scale of 1:63,360 is the same as one inch equals
One mile
The poorest country in the region, Afghanistan is nonetheless one of the world's largest producers of which of the following?
Opium
When was the "Age of Invertebrates?
Ordovician (550 MYA)- Cambrian (500 MYA)
Air forced to move over a mountain is most closely associated with which type of lifting?
Orographic
________ are multicolored, distortion-free photographic image maps. Displacements caused by camera tilt or differences in terrain elevations have been removed.
Orthophoto maps
What landform is likely to be in front of a continental ice sheet that is advancing over an area not previously glaciated?
Outwash plain
Where would be the most likely place to find a subtropical high?
Over subtropical oceans
Which gas is a permanent gas?
Oxygen
Which geological time period was 250 MYA?
PERMIAN period
where is the highest incidences of tropical cyclones in the world?
Pacific North
_____ is the longest barrier island along the coast of the USA
Padre Island, Texas
Which zoogeographic region covers most of Asia?
Palearctic
The earliest era in the geological time scale is
Paleozoic
The earliest era in the geological time scale is ___
Paleozoic
Which geological era includes the Cambrian and Devonian Periods?
Paleozoic
Supercontinent that existed about 250 mya
Pangea
Which feature does frost action form?
Patterned ground
Radar
Penetrates clouds for terrain analysis
Who may have introduced Dingos to Australia?
People from India (Indians)
Plants that survive seasonal climatic fluctuations from year to year are called _____
Perennials
When was the "Age of Reptiles?"
Period: Mesozoic (100-225mya)
Why does solifluction occur?
Permafrost will not permit water to percolate to deeper layers within the soil
Why does solifluction occur?
Permafrost will not permit water to percolate to deeper layers within the soil.
The major change in mapping is that mapping has become_______
Personal
Which of the following countries presently has one of the largest indigenous populations in the Latin America region?
Peru
The eon we live in of geological time?
Phanerozic
Which is the most widespread ecological problems with rivers in the USA?
Phosphorous and Nitrogen deposits
___ is the science of obtaining reliable measurements & mapping from aerial photographs
Photogrammetry
_______ is the science of obtaining reliable measurements and mapping from aerial photographs
Photogrammetry
Solar energy drives life's processes in the biosphere through which of the following?
Photosynthesis
Which type of glacier is the largest mountain glacier?
Piedmont
Which geometric surface is the basis of an azimuthal projection?
Plane
_____ is when one type of vegetation is replaced naturally by another
Plant succession
Which is the Farallon plate?
Plate between Cocos Plate and North America
175. During which geologic epoch did the last worldwide glaciation occur?
Pleistocene
During which geologic epoch did the last worldwide glaciation occur?
Pleistocene
When were the ice ages?
Pliestocene Quaternary Period Era: Cenozoic
Probably the most significant erosive work of glaciers is accomplished by
Plucking
On this projection (globe side view), which point would posses the LEAST distortion?
Point B (Near america/canada border)
On this projection, which point would possess the LEAST distortion? (Chapter 2, question 10)
Point B (in the U.S.)
On this projection, which point would possess the least distortion? (Chapter 2, question 9)
Point C (by the equator)
On this projection, which point would possess the LEAST distortion? (Chapter 2, question 11)
Point C (center of the circle)
On this projection (flat map), which point would posses the LEAST distortion?
Point C (near the equator)
On this projection (globe top view), which point would posses the LEAST distortion?
Point C (right in da middle)
What is an E climate in the Koppen Climate Classification system?
Polar Climate
The global wind system that occupies most of the are between the polar highs and about 60 degrees of latitude.
Polar Easterlies
A zone of low pressure at about 50 to 60 degrees in both northern and southern hemispheres that is directly associated with midlatitude cyclone formation
Polar Front-Sub Polar Low
The contact zone of warm tropical and cold polar air is known as the...
Polar front
Which eon contains 85% of earths history?
Precambrian
Which eon includes 85% of Earth's History ?
Precambrian
The two weather variables in climographs are temperature and __________
Precipitation
The two weather variables in climographs are temperature and __________.
Precipitation
Flowing air responding to the difference between higher and lower pressure is responding to the...
Pressure Gradient
Wind speed is determined by...
Pressure Gradient Force
The Pleistocene is a part of the ___ period
Quaternary
The Pleistocene is a part of the ________ period.
Quaternary
We are living in the _______ geological time period
Quaternary
When was the rise of the Cascade Mountains?
Quaternary
In 1980 and again in 1995, which Canadian province tried to secede from the rest of the country and become an independent state?
Québec
A typical drainage patterns on volcanic mountains would be
Radial
It's a midsummer day and you're standing on a beach. A thick fog obstructs your view, but it hardly ever rains in the summer here. Which of the following cities is near you?
San Francisco, California
It's a midsummer day, and you're standing on a beach. A thick fog obstructs your view, but it hardly ever rains in the summer here. Which of the following cities is near you?
San Francisco, California
Air containing all of the water vapor it can hold is...
Saturated
Stream drainage pattern associated with faulting?
Rectangular
Which of the following processes moves carbon from the biosphere and lithosphere to the atmosphere?
Respiration
Which scale is now the most commonly used to measure the size of LARGE earthquakes?
Richter
Streamside vegetation that is particularly prominent in arid regions
Riparian Vegetation
Which of the following describes the doldrums?
Rising air
A football-shaped map projection
Robinson Projection
The simplest and most obvious form of mass wasting is _______
Rockfall
Who invented GIS?
Roger Tomlinson, 1968
20. Since 1980, poverty levels have declined in both the United States and Canada, yet pockets of poverty persist. Which of the following is correct about the geography of poverty in the region?
Rural concentrations of poverty exist in the United States, especially in Appalachia.
___ developed small satellites that can be deployed at much lower cost than larger traditional satellites, promising economical high-quality images
SPOT
The 1-5 scale rating hurricane intensity is the ________ scale.
Saffir-Simpson
Which is the barrier separating the Ethiopian and Palearctic regions?
Sahara Desert
Most Central Asian cities developed under Russian or Soviet rule, but which of the following cities was settled thousands of years earlier?
Samarkand
It's a midsummer day, and you're standing on a beach. A thick fog obstructs your view, but it hardly ever rains in the summer here. Which of the following cities is near you?
San Francisco, CA
Which landform is the remnant of an eroding headland?
Sea stack
Which of the following is a revolution affect?
Seasons
Which of the following is a revolution effect?
Seasons
Where is riparian vegetation particularly prominent?
Semiarid regions
The month most likely for a hurricane to occur in North America is
September
On which date of the year will the Sun's rays strike perpendicular to the surface at the equator?
September 21
On which date of the year will the sun's rays strike perpendicular to the surface of the equator?
September 21
Which is the largest type of volcano?
Shield
The major global wind and pressure systems...
Shift with the seasons
What is the main difference between Sunni and Shiite Muslims?
Shiites believe that only members of Muhammad's family were legitimate successors to him, whereas Sunnis feel that established clergy were acceptable successors to Muhammad.
Color Infrared
Shows dead or withering vegetation
Thermal infrared
Shows temperature differences between land and water
The most common surface features of karst landscapes are ______.
Sinkholes
The "eye" of the hurricane is a zone characterized by...
Sinking air
______ developed small satellites that can be deployed at much lower cost than larger traditional satellites, promising economical high-quality images
Skybox
Where did an earthquake trigger a tsunami that killed 5 people?
Solomon Islands
What is the function of a jetty?
Something to do with ships (Keeps sand out)
Which of the following forms of remote sensing is based on sound?
Sonar
Where is a place that tropical cyclones do not form?
South Atlantic
Which region of Sub-Saharan Africa is considered "ground zero" for the AIDS epidemic?
Southern Africa
The average directional movement of tornadoes is...
Southwest to northeast
Which of the following is an example of a speleothem?
Stalactite
________ are speleothems growing upward from a cavern floor
Stalagmites
When neither air mass displaces the adjacent one, their boundary is called a(n) _____ front.
Stationary
Most waves are generated by
Storms
___ probably contribute more to shaping landforms than all other external processes combined
Streams
The Linnaean classification system is based mainly on _____
Structural similarity
In the diagram, labels C and K represent which of the following wind and pressure zone? (ch 5 q 12)
Subpolar low
This part of the global circulation is characterized by rising air, widespread cloudiness, precipitation, and migratory storms...
Subpolar low
A large scale vertical downward motion in the atmosphere is a....
Subsidence
Which term applies to the in-filling of a lake by plants?
Succession
Which gases are the main culprits causing acid rain?
Sulfer dioxide and nitrogen oxides
Which gases are the main culprits causing acid rain?
Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides
When hydrogen sulfide combines with groundwater, it forms __________ acid.
Sulfuric
Most regions of the globe receive a _____ maximum of rainfall.
Summer
100. What is the basic energy source of the biosphere?
Sun
How is temperature best described?
The amount of kinetic energy generated by an object
Why is Earth's equatorial diameter greater than its polar diameter?
The centrifugal force generated by Earth's rotation causes Earth to bulge in the equatorial region
Why is Earth's equatorial diameter greater than its polar diameter?
The centrifugal force generated by Earth's rotation causes Earth to bulge in the equatorial region.
Why do more than 80 percent of hurricanes originate in or just poleward of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ)?
The coriolis effect is too weak near the equator to allow cyclonic rotation to be established.
During which stage of cavern formation do speleothems form?
The decoration stage
Why does the intensity of solar rays diminish as they travel away from the Sun?
The distance between rays increases as they move away from the Sun's spherical body, which serves to disperse the energy over a large area
Why does the intensity of solar rays diminish as they travel away from the Sun?
The distance between rays increases as they move away from the Sun's spherical body, which serves to disperse the energy over a larger area.
What is the theoretical terminus of a drainage basin?
The drainage divide
The rising and subsequent cooling of air at the rate of 10degreesC per 1,000 meters is called...
The dry adiabatic lapse rate
Along which portion of the stream is downcutting greatest?
The headwaters
Why can water that emerges from a geyser be heated well above the boiling point (i.e., superheated)?
The high underground water pressure allows the water to remain at extremely high temperatures without boiling
Why can water that emerges from a geyser be heated well above the boiling point (i.e., superheated)?
The high underground water pressure allows the water to remain at extremely high temperatures without boiling.
_____ is (are) found in the equatorial zone.
The inter-tropical convergence zone
The explanation of symbols used on a map should be contained in ___
The legend
What causes the greatest damage related to hurricanes? Select all that apply.
The lower atmospheric pressure, which allows local sea levels to be higher The storm surge Extensive flooding
absolute humidity
The mass of water vapor in a given volume of air
Conduction
The molecule to molecule movement of energy through a solid
Conduction (ch 4 q 7.2)
The molecule-to-molecule movement of energy through a solid
Why, at any given moment, is the total quantity of carbon in the carbon cycle less than 1 percent?
The most significant portion of it is locked away geologic deposits
Why, at any given moment, is there less than 1 percent of the total quantity of carbon in the carbon cycle?
The most significant portion of it is locked away in geologic deposits
Why, at any given moment, is the total quantity of carbon in the carbon cycle less than 1 percent?
The most significant portion of it is locked away in geologic deposits.
Why do researchers think that subducting plates melt?
The movement of seawater downwaard with the subducting plate lowers the melting point of the oceanic plate
Incorrect Why do researchers think that subducting plates melt?
The movement of seawater downward with the subducting plate lowers the melting point of the oceanic plate.
Why do researchers think that subducting plates melt?
The movement of seawater downward with the subducting plate lowers the melting point of the oceanic plate.
Which of the following would be the LEAST likely location to find stream-deposited materials?
The outside bank of a river bend
Which of the following would be the LEAST likely to find stream-deposited materials?
The outside bank of a river bend
Which of the following describes what occurs as pollutants such as DDT move up the food pyramid?
The overall concentration of pollutants in organisms tends to increase.
Which of the following statements about Yellowstone National Park is correct?
The park contains more than half of the world's geysers
Which of the following statements about Yellowstone National Park is correct?
The park contains more than half of the world's geysers.
Which line(s) represent a great circle? Select all that apply.
The prime meridian and the equator
Which line represents a great circle?
The prime meridian, the equator
During the summer in the southern hemisphere (December through February) _______.
The south pole is tilted toward the sun
Which of the following is true concerning GPS technology?
The technology is freely available to the public
What does the dew point reflect?
The temperature at which condensation occurs
What does the third letter generally describe in the Koppen classification scheme
The temperature pattern
What does the third letter generally describe in the Köppen classification scheme?
The temperature pattern
Which of the following observations do food pyramids illustrate?
The total number of organisms tends to decrease as one travels up trophic levels
Which of the following observations do food pyramids illustrate?
The total number of organisms tends to decrease as one travels up trophic levels.
Advection
The transfer of heat from one point to another through horizontal circulation
Advection (ch 4 q 7.4)
The transfer of heat from one point to another through horizontal circulation
Convection
The transfer of heat from one point to another through vertical circulation
Why is the ground vegetation in tropical rainforests so sparse?
The vegetation does not allow an adequate amount of light to penetrate to the forest floor
Why is the ground vegetation in tropical rainforests so sparse?
The vegetation does not allow an adequate amount of light to penetrate to the forest floor.
Why is the 70° isotherm pulled south over the South American land mass?
The water in the South Atlantic and Pacific is absorbing greater amounts of energy during January, and the land is rapidly heating and reradiating energy.
Look at the isotherms on the map. Why is the 70 degrees isotherm pulled south over the South American landmass? (ch 4 q 14)
The water in the south Atlantic and pacific is absorbing greater amounts of energy during January, and the land is rapidly heating and reradiating energy
Why are permanent gases called "permanent"?
Their quantities relative to each other remain constant over time.
What do the paleomagnetic data of the seafloor reveal?
There is a mirror image of polarity reversals on either side of mid-ocean ridges.
Why is a transform boundary classified as "conservative"?
There is little or no destruction or creation of rock with this type of boundary.
Overall, the Southern Hemisphere has a milder winter than the Northern Hemisphere because
There is more water in the Southern Hemisphere
___ is the type of remote sensing imagery best suited to use at night
Thermal Infared
Which form of energy is the most terrestrial radiation?
Thermal infared radiation
_______ is the type of remote sensing imagery best suited to use at night.
Thermal infrared
Which form of energy is most terrestrial radiation?
Thermal infrared radiation
Unitary states, like France, centralize political power at the national level. How do federal states, like Canada and the United States, organize political power?
They allocate political power beneath the national level.
Why are terrestrial animals relegated to a place of lesser importance in geographical study?
They are often less prominent on the landscape
Why are terrestrial animals relegated to a place of lesser importance in geographical study?
They are often less prominent on the landscape.
Which statement correctly describes tsunamis?
They can travel accross an entire ocean
Which statement correctly describes tsunami?
They can travel across an entire ocean.
Which statement correctly describes tsunamis?
They can travel across an entire ocean.
Concerning midlatitude anticyclones, which of the following is FALSE?
They contain air mass conflict.
How do dolines typically form?
They form from the dissolution of surface carbonate rocks.
How to dolines typically form?
They form the dissolution of surface carbonate rocks
How do temperature inversions affect air pollution?
They inhibit the mixing of air so pollutants accumulate
Why do some geysers continually erupt?
They possess a constant supply of water.
Which Central Asian country exports the most cotton?
Uzbekistan
Why is hurricane season in the Northern Hemisphere restricted primarily to the late summer and early fall?
This is the time of year when sea surface temperatures in the hurricane formation region are highest and the ITCZ is shifted the farthest poleward.
Why is hurricane season in the Northern Hemisphere restricted primarily to the late summer and early fall?
This is the time of year where sea surface temperatures in the hurricane information region are highest and the ITCS is shifted the farthest poleward.
Defined as a violent convective storm
Thunderstorm
It is Cumulonimbus Cloud
Thunderstorm
Which statement regarding tidal power is correct?
Tides are a renewable energy source that is not widely used
Which statement regarding tidal power is correct?
Tides are a renewable energy source that is not widely used.
Which term is applied to all rock debris deposited directly by glacial ice with no meltwater redeposition involved?
Till
Which term is applied to all rock debris deposited directly by glacial ice, with no meltwater redeposition involved?
Till
What was the rationale for creating Daylight Savings Time?
To save energy
What was the rationale for creating daylight savings time?
To save energy
What was the rationale for creating daylight-saving time?
To save energy
The most intense vortex in nature is the ________
Tornado
The enhanced Fujita Scale was adopted in 2007. It is based on estimates of 3-second gusts of wind as estimated by
Tornado damage
Residual karst features in the form of steep-sided hills are called _______________.
Tower karsts
Which is the most reliable and consistent of all the major wind belts?
Trade Winds
Major wind belt located in the tropics
Tradewinds
Convection (ch 4 q 7.3)
Transfer to heat from one point to another through vertical circulation
Which of the following explains why the majority of Latin Americans speak Spanish rather than Portuguese?
Treaty of Tordesillas
Marks the northernmost location reached by direct or vertical rays of the sun.
Tropic of Cancer
On June 21, the Sun's rays are directly over the
Tropic of Cancer
The Sun's rays are directly overhead at the _______ on or about December 21st
Tropic of Capricorn
What is a type A climate according to the Koppen Climate Classification?
Tropical
The correct designation for a hurricane is a/an...
Tropical Cyclone
Which statement comparing tropical deciduous forests with tropical rainforests is correct?
Tropical deciduous forests pass a greater number of ground-dwelling fauna
It is a typical summer afternoon, as humidity hangs thickly in the air. Much to your relief, you hear the deep rumble of approaching thunderstorms. The movie Groundhog Day comes to mind, as afternoon thundershowers persist day after day all summer. In which climate region are you?
Tropical wet (AF)
It is a typical summer afternoon, as humidity hangs thickly in the air. Much to your relief, you hear the deep rumble of approaching thunderstorms. The movie "Groundhog Day" comes to mind, as there have been afternoon thundershowers day after day all summer. In which climate region are you?
Tropical wet (Af)
Most thunderstorms are in the ____
Tropics
Where would you expect to find tower karst?
Tropics
Which area of the world is best portrayed by a cylindrical projection?
Tropics
Ninety percent of Earth's atmosphere is compressed within which layers?
Troposphere and stratosphere
Which of the following correctly lists the thermal layers of Earth's atmosphere from Earth's surface toward space?
Troposphere, stratosphere, mesophere, thermosphere, exosphere
Which of the following correctly lists the thermal layers of Earth's atmosphere from the Earth's surface
Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere
A(n) _____ is a linear zone of lower pressure between two areas of high pressure.
Trough
Which floristic association occurs in perennially cold climates of high latitudes and high elevations?
Tundra
100. Which of the following countries in Southwest Asia and North Africa has attempted to join the European Union (EU)?
Turkey
Which of the following language groups is spoken by more Central Asians than any other?
Turkic
frontal
Two dissimilar air masses meet, and one forces the other aloft.
convergence
Two similar air masses meet each other and rise (e.g., the ITCZ).
What is the name for a tropical cyclone in the western North Pacific?
Typhoon
where are approximately 75% of all tornadoes reported worldwide?
U.S
Which country is the most likely place on Earth for a tornado to occur?
USA
New ozone is formed in the stratosphere when ______________.
UV-B and UV-C radiation splits oxygen (O2) molecules into free oxygen atoms that combine to form ozone (O3) molecules.
How is new ozone formed in the stratosphere?
UV-C
How is the new ozone formed in the stratosphere?
UV-C radiation splits oxygen molecules into free oxygen atoms that combine to form ozone molecules
More than 75% of the worlds tornadoes are reported from ______
United States
Which of the following best describes an anticyclone?
Upper atmosphere convergence, descending air, and surface divergence
Which of the following best describes a cyclone?
Upper atmosphere divergence, ascending air, and surface convergence
Cuba is considered a global leader in urban agriculture, which is especially evident in urban areas. What is the driving force behind these thousands of urban agricultural plots?
Urban agricultural plots are necessary due to food scarcity
Of the following, which is the first day of Spring in the southern hemisphere?
Vernal Equinox
What is the basic requirement for tornado formation?
Vertical wind shear
Which of the following bands of visible light has the shortest wavelength?
Violet
What caused the Permian Extinction?
Volcanic Eruption and acid rain
What is theorized to have caused the Permian extinction?
Volcanoes
120. Which of the following is one of the regional variations or dialects of the French language, either within France or outside its borders?
Walloon
which of the following characteristics typifies a mature middle latitude cyclone?
Warm sector in part of the storm
Which of the following is a characteristic of the circulation of the atmosphere and currents in the South Pacific during an El Nino event?
Warm surface water off the west coast of South America
Which of the following is a characteristic of the circulation of the atmosphere and currents in the South Pacific during an El Niño event?
Warm surface water off the west coast of South America
Which has led to a dramatic rise in coral bleaching?
Warming ocean waters
Oxygen, carbon dioxide, and ____ are the three atmospheric components most important to the chemical weathering rock?
Water vapor
Oxygen, carbon dioxide, and ______________ are the three atmospheric components most important to the chemical weathering of rock.
Water vapor
What gas makes up the largest portion of the gases that are ejected from a volcano?
Water vapor
What gas makes up the largest proportion of the gases that are ejected from a volcano?
Water vapor
What is is called when a wave changes direction as it approaches the shore due to wave base striking the seafloor reducing velocity in a sector of the wave?
Wave Refraction
Wegener's theory of continental drift was initially rejected by the scientific community because _________-.
Wegener could not identify a propelling mechanism strong enough to more large land masses
Wegener's theory of continental drift was initially rejected by the scientific community because __________________.
Wegener could not identify a propelling mechanism strong enough to move large landmasses
Wegener's theory of continental drift was initially rejected by the scientific community because __________________.
Wegener could not identify a propelling mechanism strong enough to move large landmasses.
Which of the following currents is cool?
West Wind Drift
Which of the following currents is cool?
West wind drift
Extratropical cyclones and anticyclones function as migratory perturbations in the...
Westerlies
Major wind belt that contributes to the eastward trek of weather systems in the USA
Westerlies
Which wind system (belt) is associated with Ferrel Cells?
Westerlies
Although the trade winds carry a great deal of moisture, when does precipitation usually form?
When the winds encounter a physical barrier (such as a mountain)
Although the trade winds carry a great deal of moisture, when does precipitation usually form?
When winds encounter a physical barrier (such as a mountain)
Which event affects the distribution of plants and animals by killing, injuring, and inducing relocation while also dispersing seeds and preparing some to sprout as well as clearing the land to maintain and protect the habitat?
Wildfires
Which of the following is a type of important catastrophic event that affects the distribution of plants and animals?
Wildfires
What force causes the waves that have the greatest impact on shaping shorelines?
Wind
Which of the following refers only to the horizontal motion of air?
Wind
Which of the following refers only to the horizontal movement of air?
Wind
Tropical storm
Winds between 34 and 63 knots
Hurricane
Winds greater than 63 knots
Concerning Latin American women, which of the following statements is correct?
Women in Latin America are having smaller families than in past generations.
What are dry land plants called?
Xerophytes
Which country remains the poorest country on the Arabian Peninsula?
Yemen
Which of the following best describes a biome?
a large, recognizable assemblage of plants and animals that interact with their environment
Isohyet (Chapter 2, question 12.1)
a line of equal precipitation
To what feature does the term uvala refer ?
a linear landform generated by a series of intersecting dolines
Which feature would most suggest that you are in a karst landscape?
absence of surface drainage
Both steppe & tundra have ___
absence of threes
Both steppe and tundra have _____
absence of trees
Silicon Valley is now North America's leading region of manufacturing exports. This is due in part to which of the following?
access to innovation and research by local universities and industries
For the geographer, the new mapping tools like remote sensing, GPS, & GIS are best viewed as
accessories to field study & observation
For the geographer, the new mapping tools like remote sensing, GPS, and GIS are best viewed as
accessories to field study and observation
Which of the following is a significant environmental issue in Europe?
acid rain
Cooling of air expansion is called ________.
adiabatic process
what is a cold front?
advancing cold air mass
what is a warm front?
advancing warm air mass
Which is NOT among the main types of atmospheric lifting and precipitation?
advective
Global dimming might now be DECREASING because of the lessening of ______ in the atmosphere.
aerosols
What is the dominant form of land use in North America?
agriculture
Which of the following converts MOST of the atmospheric nitrogen to compounds (nitrates) that plants can use?
bacteria
The first airborne platform for aerial photography was a
balloon
The first airborne platform for aerial photography was a ________.
balloon
According to the text, what is one way the French government has attempted to protect its national culture as it faces increasing numbers of foreign migrants?
banning the conservative Muslim head scarf in French schools
GPS
based on a constellation of at least 24 high altitude satellites
In the diagram, label A represents which igneous feature?
batholith
The most widespread of all coastal depositional features is the ______
beach
Which landform does wave deposition create?
beach
Trade winds are found
between 25º north & south of the Arctic Circle
where are the tropics?
between tropic of cancer and capicorn
tropical svanna
between tropical wet climates and subtropical deserts
Which word or phrase applies to the origin of the general term for all material moved by a glacier?
biblical
_____ is the study of the distribution patterns of living organisms & how these patterns change over time
biogeography
A large recognizable assemblage of plants and animals
biome
What is the name of the global-scale grouping of plants and animals?
biome
What type of terrestrial ecosystem do biogeographers prefer to study?
biome
In the diagram, labels C and F represent which fluvial landforms?
bluffs
A biome dominated by coniferous needle-leaf evergreen trees is the ___
boreal forest
A biome dominated by coniferous needle-leaf evergreen trees is the _____
boreal forest
What causes stream rejuvenation?
both sea-level drop and tectonic uplift
What is the ultimate effect of headward erosion?
both valley lengthening and decreasing interfluve area
Mantle plumes can apparently trigger continental ______
breakup
Europe remains a maritime region with strong ties to its surrounding seas. How do some of the landlocked countries in Europe still have access to the seas?
by accessing its network of navigable rivers and canals
how did wladimir koppen determine the boundaries of climatic regions in the koppen climate classification system?
by vegetations zones
Of the list below, the coldest air is bound to be associated with a/an _____ air mass.
cP
On the diagram, label B represents which category of air mass?
cP
Which of the following common rock-forming elements is most soluble in water?
calcium
Crater Lake, Oregon, is an example of a volcanic ________.
caldera
A large component of the world's selva is located in ___
central Africa
In which area has groundwater extraction due to population growth contributed heavily to sinkhole formation?
central Florida
The rainiest portion of South America is the...
central interior
Probably the largest concern with the geographer's use of maps & imagery is ___
choosing the most effective maps and imagery
Which is the smallest volcanic mountain?
cinder cone
How do water particles in a deep-water wave move?
circular orbits
A ______ marks the place where an alpine glacier originated
cirque
The first feature carved by a mountain glacier is a(n) ________.
cirque
A stable plant association of constant composition that is attained through seral stages
climax vegetation
Represents the optimal floristic assemblage for that environment
climax vegetation
What is the most abundant fossil fuel in the United States?
coal (27%)
k
cold desert or cold steppe
What is the name for an advancing cold air mass
cold front
which causes occlusion?
cold front overtakes warm front
Of the following, which is not considered a map essential?
color
The "false color" imagery of some aerial photographs is also termed
color IR
The "false color" imagery of some aerial photographs is also termed ________.
color IR
On which type of aerial imagery would a football field of artificial grass be discernible from natural grass?
color infrared photography
Most surface winds in the Tropics ________.
come from the east
Which of the following characterizes the maroon societies of the Caribbean?
communities of enslaved people who had run away
6th Power Law applies to stream _____
competence
Size of stream load
competence
What, besides warm water, fuels and strengthens a hurricane?
condensation releasing a tremendous amount of energy in the form of latent heat
why is north dakota's record high tempature hotter than Floridas?
continental climate
Which of the following has not been accomplished using geopositioning technology?
counting individual people in the USA Census
The slight displacement on a slope of human-built structures such as fence posts and telephone poles is subtle evidence that _____ has occured
creep
The slowest and least perceptible form of mass wasting
creep
The slowest and least perceptible form of mass wasting is
creep
What is the slow downslope movement that causes retaining walls to tip and collapse?
creep
The mix of European and African cultures that characterizes the Caribbean is referred to as which of the following?
creolization
The scarp face of a rotational slide is usually _________ shaped because the material slides down a ___________ plane.
crescent; concave
The scarp face of a rotational slide is usually _________ shaped, because the material slides down a ___________ plane.
crescent; concave
what is a thunderstorm?
cumulonimbus cloud
A counterclockwise atmospheric circulation in the Northern Hemisphere is known as a(n)
cyclone
A coastal structure built to prevent sediment depositions in navigation channels
dam
how is tornado intensity determined on the EF scale?
damage assessment
The GNSS is based on ___
data from satellites
A _____ tree is one that experiences an annual period in which all leaves die and usually fall from the tree, due to either a cold season or a dry season
deciduous
Which flora type is correctly matched with its associated term?
deciduous—seasonal leaf fall
As stream order increases, the number of higher-order streams ____________, while the average stream length _____________, the watershed area __________, and the average stream gradient ______________.
decreases; increases; increases; decreases
how does Coriolis effect influence wind belts?
deflects its path to the right in NH
What is the most common stream drainage pattern?
dendritic
Which of the following processes makes nitrogen available to living organisms?
denitrification
Which of the following describes the horse latitudes?
descending air
Xerophytes are plants of the ___ region
desert
w
desert
topographic map
detailed and accurate representation using contour lines
The temperature at which atmospheric saturation is reached is called ______
dew point
When does atmospheric condensation begin?
dew point
"Weather" and "Climate" are
different because climate studies long-term atmospheric conditions
The lowercase letter symbolizing "moist, with no dry season" in the Koppen classification system is...
f
what causes the Coriolis effect
earths rotation
from which direction do trade winds blow?
east
where is DFd climate?
eastern Siberia
Concerning the biosphere, the geographic viewpoint is most often concerned with ___
ecosystems
The boundary between Tropical Savanna and Desert is most closely related to the concept of the _____
ecotone
The boundary between Tropical savanna & Desert is most closely related to the concept of the ___
ecotone
Which of the following factors contributes to the fertility decline in the Caribbean?
educational improvements
How is an interfluve best described?
elevated land that separates valleys
contour interval?
elevation change
The concept of the ecosystem focuses on the flow of ___________ among its various components.
energy
If a stream carries water only during and immediately after a rain, it is classified as ________.
ephemeral
The location on the earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake?
epicenter
Which refers to the surface of the Earth directly above the focus of an earthquake?
epicenter
Which of the following is the shortest amount of time?
epoch
where is direct or vertical solar energy striking the earth during the march equinox?
equator
Which of the following rarely affects North America?
equatorial
tundra
equatorward edges of ice cap climates
The characteristic of map projections which portray accurate sizes but distort the shapes of land masses is called
equivalence
The characteristic of map projections which portray accurate sizes but distort the shapes of land masses is called ____
equivalence
Which feature is a subglacial streambed?
esker
Long sinuous ridges of stratified drift are termed ________.
eskers
Long, sinuous ridges of stratified drift associated with continental glaciation are called ________
eskers
what is an index contour?
every 5th line, thicker line
Which of the following is an example of mechanical weathering?
exfoliation
Which landform is a direct result of unloading?
exfoliation dome
Plants introduced into new habitats in which they did not originally grow are ___
exotic
Plants introduced into new habitats in which they did not originally grow are _____
exotic
Which of the following characterizes rural North America?
expanding edge cities
As the zone of ecological transition from dry desert conditions in the north and wetter conditions in the south, why does the Sahel face increasing desertification?
expansion of agriculture and overgrazing
One arc of the Lesser Antilles is volcanic in origin, including at least one island with a currently active volcano. What are located just to the east of the volcanic arc?
four low-lying islands with soils ideal for growing sugarcane
Which of the following features erupts no water and sends out only steam?
fumarole
Paternoster lakes are to _____________ as tarns are to cirques.
glacial steps
For properly portraying the sphericity of the Earth, there is no substitute for a model ______
globe
According to a majority of climate scientists, which of the following factors is the primary ingredient in the global warming taking place today?
greenhouse gas concentrations
The plant type that carries its seeds in cones is the ___
gymnosperm
The plant type that carries its seeds in cones is the _____
gymnosperm
Which landform accompanies a waterfall?
hanging valley
According to the map, the largest differences in the global pattern of the annual range in temperature are most likely attributed to what factor?
heating contrasts of land and water
H
highland
what is an H climate according to the koppen climate classification?
highland
Ungulates are ___
hoofed mammals
what is wind?
horizontal movement of air
a
hot summer
what does A signify in a Cfa climate according to the koppen climate classification?
hot summer
Which of the following is not part of a Geographic Information System?
humans drawing isolines on maps
A geographic information system allows a link between data and a
map
You are in the Northern Hemisphere. Summer temperatures are warm to hot. Precipitation is moderate, with a summer maximum, but diminishes poleward and toward the interior. Westerly winds, storms, and continental air masses in the winter dominate. What climate region you are you in?
humid continental
Which of the following climate zones characterizes most of the southeastern United States?
humid subtropical
What is the process in which water is added to a compound and becomes part of its composition without breaking up the compound?
hydration
Which of the following is a chemical weathering process?
hydrolysis
Countries that share aquifers, rivers, or drainage basins are constantly dealing with the interplay between water resource issues and politics. What term best describes this?
hydropolitics
Plants adapted to environments with surplus moisture are called ___
hygrophytic
Plants adapted to environments with surplus moisture are called _____
hygrophytic
Which of the following provides information about past temperatures and actual samples of the atmospheric composition to build a long record about Earth's past climates?
ice cores
What is multispectral imaging?
image data caught in wavelengths
What are the factors leading to the potential for continued high population growth in Latin America?
immigrants into Latin America and the relatively large size of the population group below the age of 15
where is the hottest place in the world?
inconclusive (maybe North Africa)
The effects of ozone depletion include all of the following EXCEPT _____________.
increased temperatures in the stratosphere
As the pressure of a gas increases, the density _________ and the temperature __________.
increases; increases
The darker the contour lines on a topographic map
index contour lines
Solar energy is also known as
insolation
What is overlay analysis?
integration of data layers by GIS Computer
Which of the following groups is NOT considered refugees, but may receive some assistance and/or protection?
internally displaced persons
Which of the following terms best describes the process by which state governments attempt to reclaim lost territories and/or ethnic groups by making claims to lands outside their own borders?
irredentism
What is the process responsible for creating fringing reefs, barrier reefs, and atolls?
island subsidence
A line connecting points with equal precipitation is known as an
isohyet
Since most countries and territories in the Caribbean are separate islands, yet close to North and South America, they experience both cultural diversity and limited economic opportunities. Which of the following terms best describes this concept?
isolated proximity
Which of the following is human-made and is used primarily for maintenance of navigation?
jetty
Which of the following are cracks in rock resulting from physical stress?
joints
A ___ develops along a stream bed with abrupt changes in bedrock resistance
knickpoint
Which of the following characteristics represents "Plantation America"?
land ownership concentrated in a few elite families
In relation to Earth's surface, the term "plates" refers to the ______________________.
large moving sections of Earth's lithosphere
In relation to Earth's surface, the term plates refers to the ______________________.
large moving sections of Earth's lithosphere
What is lidar?
laser mapping or laser sensing
The process of condensation of water from a gas to a liquid releases stored energy called
latent heat
According to the concept of vertical zonation, changes in ___ are the counterpart of changes in elevation
latitude
The basic implication of vertical zonation of vegetation is that elevation changes are the counterpart of ________________ changes.
latitude
Mountains act as major climatic barriers with the sheltered or ________ side receiving less moisture than the exposed side.
leeward
The explanation of symbols used on a map should be contained in ___
legend
Which of the following factors is contributing to the infestation of mountain pine beetles in the forests of western North America?
less frequent severely cold winters caused by climate change
While more than 80 percent of North Americans live in urban areas, there is a trend among retirees and younger people to move to less populated areas. What are these migrants called?
lifestyle migrants
what is convection?
lift created by warm fluids rising
Which rock would most likely be weathered through carbonation?
limestone
Isohyet
line of equal precipitation
Loose, water-saturated sediments may undergo _____ during an earthquake
liquefaction
The main reason for the occurrence of subtropical deserts around the world is...
locations of anticyclones
Which current transports sand parallel to a shore?
longshore
What forms a spit?
longshore deposits
Af
low latitude, rain throughout the year
BWh
low-latitude (hot) desert
On the diagram, labels A and C represent which category of air mass?
mP
Which animal group is notable for being endothermic?
mammals
A geographic information system allows a link between data & a ___
map
What are the steep (nearly vertical) drainage shafts inside a glacier called?
moulins
In regard to moisture content, which of the following is the correct sequence of mass wasting processes, ordered from wettest to driest?
mudflow, earthflow, solifluction, landslide, and rockfall
A(n) ___________ tends to move along a slope surface and be dictated by drainage patterns, whereas a(n) ____________ involves slope collapse and has no relationship to a drainage network.
mudflow; earthflow
In the diagram, label G represents which fluvial landforms?
natural levees
Sectoral transformation describes changes in a country's employment structure. Which of the following sectors experiences declining employment under sectoral transformation?
natural resource extraction
where is the ITCZ?
near the equator
Which of the following statements correctly describes Germany's current change in population?
negative natural growth
Which of the following offers the best description of Europe's largest long-term population problems?
no natural growth
In the diagram, label F represents which of the following wind and pressure zones
northeast trade winds
At point A, the winds will most likely come from the __________; at point C, the winds will most likely come from the ___________.
northwest; south
What is remote sensing?
observations from earth without physically being there
A front that forms when a cold front overtakes a warm front
occluded front
what cuases the demise of midlatitude cyclone?
occlusion
When was the "age of fish?"
occurred 417 to 354 MYA (Silverian period, Paleozoic Period, Devonian Period)
Which plate boundary is matched correctly with a related phrase?
ocean-to-ocean—location of a volcanic island arc
A geometrically corrected map consisting of aerial photographs is known as a(n) ___ map
orthophoto
___ are multicolored, distortion-free photographic maps. Distortions caused by camera tilt or differences in terrain elevations have been removed
orthophoto maps
What landform is likely to be in front of a continental ice sheet that is advancing over an area not previously glaciated?
outwash plain
With only 7 percent of the world's population, the region holds a staggering _________ of the world's proven oil reserves.
over half
GIS is frequently used in _____ analysis, where two or more layers of data are superimposed or integrated
overlay
In the diagram, label E represents which fluvial landforms?
oxbow lake
With coastal climates isotherms tend to...
parallel the coast
Savannas usually include some trees dotting the landscape. This type of savanna is known as ___ savanna
park
Savannas usually include some trees dotting the landscape. This type of savanna is known as _____ savanna
park
Which feature does frost action form?
patterned ground
Which of the following crops is the primary source of income in the Sahel?
peanuts
Plants that endure seasonal climatic fluctuations are called_____
perennials
Plants that survive seasonal climatic fluctuations from year to year are called ___
perennials
Solar energy drives life's processes in the biosphere through which of the following?
photosynthesis
Which type of glacier is the largest mountain glacier?
piedmont
___ is when one type of vegetation is replaced naturally by another
plant succession
Glacial deposits by which rocks are grasped and dislodged by meltwater refreezing in the cracks of rocks and then being dragged along by the force of glacial movement.
plucking
At which point on the diagram below would the wind speed be the greatest?
point D
what is an E climate according to the koppen climate classification system?
polar
which atmospheric convective cells generate the polar easterlies?
polar cells
what does a climograph reveal about Vostok, Antarctica?
polar desert
Cyclogenesis occurs along the________.
polar front
EF
polar ice cap
marine west coast
poleward of mediterranean climates
Although southern Africa has been most successful in maintaining a large population of elephants, which of the following reasons explains why wildlife conservation has been so difficult?
political instability
What is Kwaito of South Africa?
post-apartheid political music
A floristic association dominated by tall grasslands & found in the middle latitudes is ___
prairie
A floristic association dominated by tall grasslands & found in the middle latitudes is _____
prairie
Climographs include temperature and ____ data
precipitation
The two weather variables in climographs are temperature and __________.
precipitation
Wind speed is determined by
pressure gradient
Downwind of large mountain ranges there is less precipitation; this drier zone is called the...
rain shadow
which thunderstorm hazard is responsible for the most fatalities?
rainbombs (flashflood)
The leeward slope is the dry side and the term _________ is applied to both the leeward slope and the area beyond as far as the drying influence extends
rainshadow
Which phrase typically applies to cold fronts?
rapid air lifting
Relative humidity
ratio of the actual water vapor content of the air to the amount of water vapor that the air can actually hold
As water vapor condenses, energy is _____ , and it _____ the surrounding atmosphere.
released ; heats
As water vapor condenses, energy is ________, and it ________ the surrounding atmosphere.
released; heats
As water vapor condenses, energy is ________, and it ________ the surrounding atmosphere.
released;heats
What is Landsat?
remote sensing satellites from NASA/USGS
Which of the following processes move carbon from the biosphere and lithosphere to the atmosphere?
respiration
Streamside vegetation growth is called ___ vegetation
riparian
Streamside vegetation growth is called _____ vegetation
riparian
Which of the following describes the doldrums?
rising air
what does the TOR:CON index measure?
risk/ probability of a tornado within 50 miles of location
Which of the following is a reason for the large family sizes in some areas of Sub-Saharan Africa?
rural lifestyles
Which of the following is a significant migration pattern into, within, or out of the Southwest Asia and North Africa region?
rural-to-urban migration for better opportunities
Most of the eastern USA was originally covered with ___
savanna
Most of the eastern USA was originally covered with _____
savanna
Which of the following is one of the three main biomes of Sub-Saharan Africa?
savanna
Which landform is the remnant of an eroding headland?
sea stack
Streams provide ___ to the coastal environment
sediments
An alternate term for tropical rainforest biomes is ___
selva
An alternate term for tropical rainforest biomes is _____
selva
Where is riparian vegetation particularly prominent?
semiarid regions
TAO/TRITON is a(n) ______ helping to pinpoint El Nino conditions.
series of buoys
Dwa
severe dry winter hot summer
what is a supercell?
severe thunderstorm with rotating updrafts (mesocyclone)
which is the most destructive and dangerous hazard associated with tropical cyclones?
storm surge
why did early sailors fear the subpolar low or polar front?
stormy latitudes
tropical wet
straddles the equator
An oxbow lake was formerly a ________.
stream meander
The Linnaean classification system is based mainly on ___
structural similarity
In the diagram, labels C and K represent which of the following wind and pressure zones?
subpolar low
which aspect of the general circulation of the atmospheric is associated with deserts?
subtropical high (STH)
Which term applies to the in-filling of a lake by plants?
succession
Which gases are the main culprits causing acid rain?
sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides
When hydrogen sulfide combines with groundwater, it forms __________ acid.
sulfuric
when do convective thunderstorms generally occur in central tx?
summer
What is the basic energy source of the biosphere
sun
What is the basic energy source of the biosphere?
sun
Which of the following best describes an anticyclone?
surface divergence, descending air, and upper atmosphere convergence
The most abundant stream load is ____ load
suspended load
Wetlands with trees as part of the climax vegetation
swamp
Which is a wave of translation?
swash
Water waves that escape the influence of winds generating the fetch become __________.
swells
__ is the arrangement in which 2 dissimilar organisms live together
symbiosis
_____ is the arrangement in which 2 dissimilar organisms live together
symbiosis
What does the practice of building small cave shrines to Catholic saints in Mexico represent?
syncretic religious practices
Which of the following features is a direct result of rockfall?
talus cone
The Koppen system of climate classifications is based on
temperature and precipitation
which climatic variables are included in a climograph?
temperature and precipitation
If a continental polar air mass were to move over the Midwestern United States, what would the effect most likely be?
temperatures would DECREASE, and humidity would DECREASE
______ is a ridge of till that marks the outermost limit of glacial advance
terminal meraine
Radar imagery is suited for sensing
terrain
Which of the following physical features is found in Western South America, extending from northwestern Venezuela to Tierra del Fuego?
the Andes Mountains
By far, the zoogeographic region with the most distinctive fauna is ___
the Australian region
During summer in the Southern Hemisphere (December through February), __________.
the South Pole is tilted toward the Sun
Temperature inversions and anticyclonic development promote _______________.
the accumulation of pollutants in the air
During which stage of cavern formation do speleothems form?
the decoration stage
what is thunder?
thermal shockwave created by lightning
Why are water spouts dangerous?
they can move on shore
Unsorted debris from ice sheets, after deposition, is known as ________.
till
Unsorted glacial deposits
till
Why is this region called Latin America?
to distinguish the Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking republics of the Americas from the English-speaking ones
what is a tornado warning?
tornado has been spotted
Residual karst features in the form of steep-sided hills are called _______________.
tower karsts
most reliable and consistent of all winds?
trade winds
which wind belt is associated with hadley cells?
trade winds
The largest Hawaiian Islands are in the far northern tropics, and so, are in the _____ portion of the global circulation.
tradewind
A ______ plate boundary is associated with lateral slippage & the San Andreas fault system
transform
The stream drainage pattern common in ridge and valley landscapes is
trellis
Which stream drainage pattern is associated with folding?
trellis
where is the direct or vertical solar energy striking the earth during the june solstice?
tropic of cancer 23.5 N longitude
what is an A climate according to the koppen climate classification system?
tropical
The correct designation for a hurricane is as a(n) ___
tropical cyclone
whats the name for tropical cyclones in Australia?
tropical cyclones
What are neotropics?
tropical ecosystems of the western hemisphere
Most of the "big game" mammals in Africa are naturally adapted to the ___ biome
tropical savanna
Most of the "big game" mammals in Africa are naturally adapted to the _____ biome
tropical savanna
It is a typical summer afternoon, as humidity hangs thickly in the air. Much to your relief, you hear the deep rumble of approaching thunderstorms. The movie Groundhog Day comes to mind, as afternoon thundershowers persist day after day all summer. In which climate region are you?
tropical wet (Af)
where are most thunderstorms?
tropics
Which of the following appear best to explain the long-term cycles of glacial and interglacial events?
variations in Earth-Sun relations
Which of the following best characterizes the physical environment of Sub-Saharan Africa?
vast elevated plateaus that are higher in eastern Africa and lower in western Africa
What is the basic requirement for tornado formation?
vertical wind shear
The mountain, or H climates, exhibit...
vertical zonation
A front formed by advancing warm air is called _____
warm front
The energy source of hurricanes is
warm fronts
what does b signify in a Cfb climate according to the koppen climate classification?
warm summer
Incorrect Which of the following is a characteristic of the circulation of the atmosphere and currents in the South Pacific during an El Niño event?
warm surface water off the west coast of South America
why do tropical cyclones rarely strike South Africa?
water is too cold due to strong ocean currents
Oxygen, carbon dioxide, and ______________ are the three atmospheric components most important to the chemical weathering of rock.
water vapor
What gas makes up the largest proportion of the gases that are ejected from a volcano?
water vapor
the maximum amount of water vapor that can be in air at a given temperature
water vapor capacity
El Nino is most closely associated with...
weakening of a cold current
The middle latitudes are dominated by wind flows which are mainly from the
west
which direction do midlatitude cyclones move?
west to east
what does the f signify in a Dfa climate according to the koppen climate classification?
wet all year and no dry season
What is the "Cambrian Explosion?"
when organisms came to be, when fossils started appearing
Although the trade winds carry a great deal of moisture, when does precipitation usually form?
when the winds encounter a physical barrier (such as a mountain)
Which event affects the distribution of plants and animals by killing, injuring, and inducing relocation while also dispersing seeds and preparing some to sprout as well as clearing the land to maintain and protect the habitat?
wildfires
What force causes the waves that have the greatest impact on shaping shorelines?
wind
What is defined as horizontal air movement?
wind
Tropical depression
winds less than 34 knots
what is a midlatitude cyclone?
winter storm occurs in mid latitudes
What are the x and y variables of a hydrograph?
x time, y discharge
What are dry land plants called?
xerophytes
Drought resisting plants associated with rootless and spines
xerophytes (cactus)
Which of the following surfaces have low albedos? Select all that apply.
★A black-shingled roof ★A tropical forest canopy
What causes the greatest damage related to hurricanes?
★Extensive flooding ★The lower atmospheric pressure, which allows local sea levels to be higher ★The storm surge
What is an important difference between geography as a field of inquiry and other disciplines (e.g., biology)?
★Geography has no particular body of facts or objects of study. ★Geography seeks to bridge the gap between the social and physical sciences. ★Geography is concerned with how locations on Earth's surface differ from one another.
What is the ionosphere responsible for?
★The absorption of radio waves back to Earth ★The generation of auroral displays
Which line (or lines) represent(s) a great circle? Select all that apply.
★The equator ★The Prime Meridian
