Geography Chapter 8

Recent immigrants to the U.S. are more likely to be

Catholic

The languages that do not use written alphabets are used in

China and Japan.

Two major points of agreement between Evangelical Protestantism and Roman Catholicism revolve around the issues of abortion and birth control.

False

The language with the most native speakers in the world is

Mandarin Chinese

American English evolved from influences of European settlers as well as

Native American languages.

Sikhism is an offshoot of Hinduism based on the teachings of Guru Nanak, who tried to reconcile Hinduism and Islam.

True

The Catholic Church is adamantly opposed to the ordination of women.

True

The principal official languages of Africa are often those of the continent's former European rulers.

True

The scriptures of most religions bar the charging of interest.

True

The two principal sects of Islam—Sunni and Shiite—date back to a struggle over rule of the Muslim world that occurred shortly after Muhammad's death.

True

Many governments have designated ________ that is the official religion of the country.

an established church

Languages that are related by descent from a common protolanguage make up a

language family.

The family of languages known as the Indo-European family contains languages spoken by approximately ________ of the world population.

50%

In the United States, Spanish-speakers make up approximately what portion of non-English-speakers?

60%

Which of the following European countries is predominantly Muslim?

Albania

The language of the Koran is

Arabic

The following language has become a lingua franca of approximately 335 million people as a first language, 375 million as a second language and 600 million as a foreign language.

English

The official language of Nigeria is

English

The predominant world lingua franca is

English

African words which have worked their way into American English are, for the most part, derived from Swahili, an East African language.

False

All languages are written with alphabets.

False

All three major monotheistic religious—Judaism, Christianity, and Islam—proselytize

False

Cattle serve no useful function in India.

False

English is the only official language recognized in India.

False

Finnish and Estonian are Dravidian languages.

False

Lamaism is a form of Buddhism found in Japan.

False

The English language has a very complex grammar.

False

The isolation of groups of people has little to do with the formation of different languages.

False

The language of Madagascar is related to the languages of Africa.

False

The sacred scriptures of Buddhism are in a collection called Vedas.

False

The speaking of Native American languages in Bolivia and Peru is prohibited by law.

False

There are no significant Protestant denominations that allow women to preach.

False

There is only one official language in Canada—English.

False

Which of the following languages is NOT part of the Uralic language family?

Gaelic

Martin Luther translated the Bible into

German

Muslims believe that Muhammad was the last of God's prophets, who also included all the following EXCEPT

Guru Nanek.

The leading Muslim countries in the world today in terms of numbers are

Indonesia and Pakistan

Shinto is the ancient religion native to

Japan

Christianity emerged as a separate faith from

Judaism

The first great monotheistic religion was

Judaism

Zionism is the belief that the Jews should have a homeland of their own in

Palestine

The Christian Church in Western Europe was split in the 15th and 16th centuries as a result of the

Protestant Reformation.

The largest single Christian denomination in the world today is

Roman Catholicism

Which of the following is true concerning lingua francas?

Swahili is a lingua franca of East Africa.

"Philological nationalism" is the idea that "mother tongues" have given birth to nations.

True

A number of isoglosses bisect France.

True

A person who follows the tenets of Islam is called a Muslim.

True

About 85 percent of Muslims worldwide today are of the Sunni sect.

True

American English contains terms adopted from Native American languages as well as African languages.

True

Any isolated group of people develops a language of its own over time.

True

Because religious conversion is a deliberate repudiation of much of what came before, it can destroy a people's earlier culture more completely than political conquest.

True

By the end of the fourth century, Christianity was the official religion of the Roman Empire

True

Confucianism, Taoism, and Shinto, all Eastern systems of belief, focus on behavior rather than on belief in a set of philosophical or theological arguments.

True

Confucianism, based on the teachings of K'ung Fu-tzu, governed much of China's political and moral culture for 2000 years.

True

Dialects of languages usually diverge more in the way they are spoken than in the way they are written.

True

During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, Jews living in Western Europe were required to reside in segregated communities called "ghettos."

True

Hinduism classifies people in hierarchy of castes.

True

Hindus believe in reincarnation—the individual's rebirth after death.

True

In the past, Swahili served as the lingua franca throughout East Africa.

True

Islam denigrates the earlier cultures of its converts.

True

Jews and Muslims share a religious taboo against eating pork.

True

Martin Luther's translation of the Bible into German fixed the common language of Germany.

True

Most Muslims in Iran are Shiites.

True

Muslims all over the world are encouraged to study the Koran in its original language, Arabic.

True

Orthography has to do with systems of writing.

True

The Cyrillic alphabet is the Greek alphabet as it was augmented and taught by the Greek Orthodox missionary Saint Cyril.

True

The Muslim republics of the former Soviet Union have all abandoned the Cyrillic alphabet and converted to the Roman alphabet.

True

The major nonalphabetic forms of writing are Chinese and Japanese.

True

The month of fasting in Islam is called Ramadan.

True

There are more Muslims in Indonesia and Pakistan than in all the Arab countries combined.

True

The hearth area for Indo-European languages was probably located in

Turkey

A creole language is

a pidgin that has survived long enough to become a native language.

The global spread of English is primarily the result of

colonization by the British Empire.

In the context of religion, the strictest adherence to traditional beliefs is called

fundamentalism

Lines that are used to show the presence of linguistic features on maps are known as

isoglosses.

Official policies and social attitudes may target ________ as potentially disloyal or dangerous to the rest of the nation.

minority language speakers

Philological nationalism is the idea that _______have given birth to nations.

mother tongues

Religions differ in the attitudes that their teachings advocate toward women and

national laws often reflect those teachings.

Religions that focus on a set of philosophical or theological arguments are classified as

orthodoxy.

A system for writing symbols that represent sounds of a language is known as the

orthography.

Religions that focus on appropriate behavior are classified as

orthopraxy.

The Five Pillars of Islam include all of the following EXCEPT

polygamy.

Jews and Muslims both refuse to eat ________ due to religious considerations.

pork

Religions provide guidance when people are confronted by rapid change, even in

secular modern societies

A lifestyle or policy that purposely ignores or excludes religious considerations is known as

secular.

Universalizing religions are those that

spread through proselytization.

The way any language is spoken and written according to formal rules of diction and grammar is called a(n)

standard language.

In polyglot states,

states grant legal equality to more than one language.

Religions that combine Christianity with traditional practices are called

syncretic religions.