geography chapter 9/10/11

Extensive landscapes formed by the dissolution of limestone and other carbonate rock and characterized by pitted, bumpy surface topography, poor surface drainage, and well developed solutions channels are known as

karst topography

A steep-sided glaciofluvial landform that occur as the result of blocks of ice calving from the retreating glacier and subsequent accumulation of till around melting ice block is known as

kettle

The sudden rapid movement of an unsaturated cohesive mass of regolith or bedrock is a

landslide

The sudden rapid movement of an unsaturated cohesive mass of regolith or bedrock is a...

landslide

A general term for the coastal area and shallow offshore environment is

littoral zone

A general term for the coastal area and shallow offshore environment is?

littoral zone

The downslope of mass movement of a body of material made up of soil, sediment, or rock propelled by the force of gravity is known as....

mass movement

If two glaciers with lengthy ridges of till along each side of the glacier merge, a ________ moraine may form.

medial

A transitional slide involves

movement of surface material along a planar(flat) surface.

In which of the following would one expect to find lower than average seawater salinity?

near landmasses and in areas with low evaporation

Within the Northern Hemisphere, salt marshes form________, whereas mangrove swamps form_______.

north of 30 degrees; within the tropics

Frost wedging is an example of __________ weathering process.

only physical

Rust, formed by the reaction of iron and oxygen in the presence of water, is an example of

oxidation

The yellow-red stains that occur on some rock surfaces are the result of_____________ which is a form of_____________ weathering.

oxidation, chemical

When rock is broken down and disintegrated without any chemical alterations, the process in operation is

physical weathering

The presence of talus slopes indicates the occurrence of...

rockfall

Human-induced mass movements produce a category of processes known as

scarification

A slow persistent mass movement of surface soil is called

soil creep

Weathering that softens and rounds the sharp edges and corners of jointed rock is known as

spheroidal weathering

A slope whose strength exceeds the combined force of gravity and the denudation process is

stable

Eroded debris dropped at the glaciers farthest extent is called________ moraine.

terminal

Plants are important to the development of karst primarily because...

they supply organic acids that enhance the dissolution process

Periglacial environment are likely to occur in which of the following climate types?

tundra

Slump involves

unconsolidated flow of material

A slope whose materials weaker than the combined force of gravity and the denudation process is

unstable

The term pluvial refers to

any period of wet conditions

Long, narrow depositional features of sand that form offshore roughly parallel to the coast are called....

barrier beaches

Seawater that exceeds the 35 percent average is termed

brine

When rainwater attacks formations of limestone, the minerals dissolve and wash away with the mildly acid rainwater. This is an example of

carbonation

Any large cave formed by chemical processes is a

cavern

An atoll is approximately _____ in shape because it forms _____.

circular; around submerged volcanic islands

A sinkhole that develops over the roof of an underground cavern is known as

collapse sinkhole

The most common class of dunes is...

crescentic

All processes that cause reduction and rearrangement of landforms are included in the term...

denudation

The uplift of mountains is caused by

endogenic processes

The term eolian refers to

erosion, transportation, and deposition by the wind

A long, narrow glacially-eroded inlets in which the sea extends inland are known as

fjords

High tides are known as_________ whereas low tides are known as_________.

flood tides; ebb tides

The weathering slab process responsible for breaking this granite slab is likely

frost wedging

A_____________ is a valley carved by a small tributary glacier that joins with a much deeper valley carved by a larger, primary glacier.

hanging valley

An extensive, continuous mass of ice covering a continental scale area is known as an

ice sheet

In terms of areal extent, which of the following sequences is ordered from largest to smallest extent covered?

ice sheet, ice cap, ice field, alpine glacier

A small hill, knob, or mound of glaciofluvial sorted sand and gravel that is formed on or inside a glacier and is later left on the surface after the glacier retreats is a

kame

Chemical weathering processes are particularly effective on limestone landscapes forming

karst topography

All processes that cause reduction and rearrangement of landforms are included in the term 1.) denudation 2.) mass movement 3.) eviscreation 4.) erosion 5.) weathering

1.) denudation

Which of the following is not a type of physical weathering process? 1.) hydrolysis 2.) frost wedging 3.) freeze-thaw action 4.) salt crystal growth 5.) exfoliation

1.) hydrolisis

Which of the following is not a denudation process? 1.) orogeny 2.) erosion 3.) chemical weathering 4.) physical weathering 5.) mass movement

1.) orogeny

These rounded outcrops are the result of which weathering process... 1.) spheroidal weathering 2.) pressure-release jointing 3.) hydration 4.) oxidation 5.) carbonation

1.) spheroidal weathering

Hydrosis, Hydration, oxidation, and carbonization are all examples of weathering process. 1.) only physical 2.) only chemical 3.) only biological 4.) physical and biological 5.) chemical and biological

2.) only chemical

The mass movement process responsible of the curved growing pattern in the trees and the downslopes leaning of the utility posts and fences is 1.) rockfall 2.) soil creep 3.) slump 4.) debris avalanche 5.) landslide

2.) soil creep

The angle of response represent a balance between the driving force and resisting force. Which of the following is the driving force? 1.) friction 2.) inertia 3.) gravity 4.) shear 5.) centrifugal

3.) gravity

Which of the following is not an erosional feature formed by an airplane glacier? 1.) col 2.) cirque 3.) arete 4.) drumlin 5.) horn

4.) drumlin

A glaciated valley is____________ shaped; a stream cut valley is________ shaped.

U-;V-

Large, storm generated waves that radiate outward in all directions across the ocean are known as...

wave trains

The process that breaks down rock at the Earth's surface through disintegration of rocks into mineral particles or dissolving it into water is known as

weathering

During the Pleistocene pluvial lakes formed in the_____________ United States as a result of__________.

western; extended periods of wet conditions

which of the following is not correct regarding tides? 1.) near landmasses only 2.) in areas with low evaporation only 3.) at lower latitudes, particular in subtropical high regions, only 4.) near landmasses and in areas with low evaporation 5.) near landmasses, in areas with low evaporation, and at lower latitudes

4.) near landmasses and in areas with low evaporation

A longshore current involves all of the following except? 1.) effective wind direction 2.) transportation of large amounts of sediment and debris 3.) depositional coastline features 4.) waves of transition 5.) effective wave direction

4.) waves of transition

The fact that water expands as much as 9% of its volume as it freezes the basis of 1.) exfoliation 2.) salt crystal growth 3.) hydrosis 4.) oxidation 5.) frost wedging

5.) frost wedging

Which of the following are the principal active agents involved in chemical weathering? 1.) nitrogen, oxygen, argon 2.) magnesium, water, limestone 3.) aluminum, nitrogen, argon 4.) oxygen, silicon, aluminum 5.) water, oxygen, carbon dioxide

5.) water, oxygen, carbon dioxide

Approximately, what percentage of the Earth's freshwater is Frozen?

77 percent

What is the difference between the ocean and the sea?

Seas are generally smaller than the ocean and tend to be at least partly enclosed by land, such as large, inland, saline water bodies.

Which of the following is not correct regarding tides?

They are not produced solely by the gravitational pull of the sun

The various process that the result in the loss of a glacier's mass are know collectively as

ablation

Glacial polish results from

abrasion

The__________ of a glacier is where snowfall and moisture collect and compact to ice in the winter, and persists throughout the summer

accumulation zone