Geography Exam 2 Q's Cont.

What do we call the energy used to melt ice once the ice becomes water?

Latent heat of melting

Why does temperature NOT initially increase as energy is added after ice begins to melt?

The added energy is used to break hydrogen bonds between water molecules.

Which process can add heat to a rising body of air?

Condensation

The density of pure water reaches its maximum density, or plateaus, at an approximate temperature of __________.

4 degrees C

How much heat energy is needed to turn 1 gram of water at 100 degrees Celsius into water vapor?

540 calories of heat energy

How much heat energy is needed to melt 1 gram of ice?

80 calories of heat energy

What will happen if a parcel of air is colder than surrounding air?

A colder parcel of air will sink in the atmosphere on its own. A colder parcel of air will rise in the atmosphere if forced.

Why would a parcel of air rise relative to other air in the atmosphere?

A parcel of air will rise if it has a lower density than the surrounding air.

What will happen to a parcel of air as it rises?

A rising parcel of air will expand and cool.

If two parcels of air start at the same temperature at 2000 meters above Earth's surface, which would end up with a higher temperature, an unsaturated parcel of air at Earth's surface or a saturated parcel of air 4000 meters above Earth's surface?

An unsaturated parcel of air at Earth's surface would be warmer, since air cools as it rises and warms as it descends, regardless of any temperature difference due to saturation.

Which factor is most important for determining the density of a parcel of air?

Temperature

Two parcels of air, one dry and one wet, sit at the same temperature at sea level. What will the temperature difference between the two bodies of air be after they rise to 2000 meters elevation?

The dry parcel of air will be 8 degrees colder than the wet parcel of air.

What physically breaks hydrogen bonds between water molecules as ice melts?

The movement of water molecules

How can water vapor become ice?

Water vapor can become liquid water through the release of heat energy, and then become ice through the release of more heat energy. Water vapor can also become ice directly through the release of heat energy.

In general, when will clouds begin to form out of a parcel of air?

When a rising parcel of air has reached a temperature below its dew point

An air parcel is considered unstable when it

continues to rise until it reaches an altitude at which the surrounding air has a similar temperature

What causes water's density to decrease when it freezes?

hydrogen bonds

What must break in order for water to change from solid to liquid to gas?

hydrogen bonds between water molecules

What causes the development of most clouds and precipitation in the atmosphere?

rising air

The density (mass per volume) of most liquids increases as the __________ is lowered.

temperature