Geography Exam 3
The three most abundant elements in the earth's crust are
Aluminum, oxygen and silicon.
Folds that are arched upwards are called ____ and folds that arch downward are called ____.
Anticlines, synclines
Mafic rock are examples of
Basalt
A sedimentary rock containing rounded pebbles of hard rock is called
Conglomerate
True/False Intrusive igneous rock is fine grained due to slow cooling within the earth:
False
True/False None of the hydrocarbon compounds qualify physically as rock:
False
True/False Sandstone has smaller particles sizes than shale.
False
True/False Silicon is the most common element in the Earth's crust.
False
true/false The San Andreas fault is a major normal fault with the potential for severe earthquakes.
False
true/false The asthenosphere is a soft layer in the Earth's crust.
False
true/false The power source for lithosphere plate motion is solar energy
False
The San Andreas fault can best be classified as a __________ fault.
Transform
True/False Carbon dioxide, dissolved in water, creates an acid that effectively alters calcium carbonate minerals.
True
true/false At hotspots, rising mantle material provides felsic magma that erupts as basaltic lava.
False
true/false Flat lying strata which undergo severe extensional stress can experience "folding"
False
true/false In subduction zones, the oceanic trench receives sediment entirely from the continental land mass.
False
true/false Most of the worlds shield volcanoes lie on the circum-Pacific mountain
False
true/false Rifting is associated with compression associated with folding.
False
true/false Stratovolcanoes are formed by the emission of gassy mafic lava.
False
Compressional forces on the earths crust can produce
Folding
When sandstone is metamorphosed, the result is..
Quartzite
True/False Quartz, biotite and feldspar are all examples of silicate minerals.
True
true/false Scientists believe there is a huge amount of unrelieved strain energy accumulated on either side of the San Andreas fault
True
true/false The Earth's core is a dense mass of iron and nickel.
True
true/false The Rocky Mountains in Western North America were created by arc-continent collision
True
A horst is a _____________ whereas a graben is a (an) _________________
raised block / sunken block
The super-continent of Pangaea was together
300 million years ago
Which of the following features are located where the process of subduction is taking place?
Accretionary prism
The Red Sea was created by
Continental Rupture
Subduction takes place at
Converging Boundries
A wall-like pluton formed when magma is forced into a vertical rock fracture is a
Dike
Rock that has cooled from lava that erupts on the surface of the earth is called.
Extrusive igneous rock
True/False A pluton is a type of structure associated with the accumulation of hydrocarbons.
False
True/False Continental shields are comprised entirely of metamorphic rocks.
False
True/False Granite is a mafic extrusive rock.
False
True/False The "moho" is the boundary surface between the lithosphere and the aesthenosphere
False
True/false At spreading boundaries, new lithosphere is being formed by consumption.
False
True/false Folding in the earth's crust is caused by extension
False
true/false A cloud of white-hot gases and fine ash is an important type of volcanic emission experienced in the eruption of shield volcanoes
False
true/false A steep cliff-like fault scarp is a common result of reverse faults.
False
Which of the following rocks and their metamorphosed forms is correct?
Granite and gnesis
Which of the following mountain ranges was created by continental suture?
Himalayan Mountains
Volcanoes and lava flows are classified as
Initial Landforms
Ocean crust is composed almost entirely of _______ rock
Mafic
In the rock cycle, sedimentary rock may be..
Melted to create intrusive igneous rock, Subjected to heat and pressure to become metamorphic rock, Uplifted to the surface of the earth
Which of the following landforms are found on the edges of ocean basins with active continental margins?
Mountain arcs and ocean trenches
Which of the following volcanoes is an example of a stratovolcano?
Mt St Helens
A fault scarp results from which of the following types of faults?
Normal
Block mountains are associated with which type of fault?
Normal
A fault type with a high risk of landsliding is the
Reverse Fault
Halite is a mineral that is commonly mined to create which of the following commodities?
Salt
What is a classic type of sedimentary rock?
Shale
Which of the following rocks results from the metamorphosis of shale?
Slate
Two large plates moving away from the mid-Atlantic ridge are the __________ and the _____________.
South American Plate / African Plate
The boundary between the eastern edge of the North American Plate and the western edge of the Eurasian Plate is a:
Spreading Boundary
Which of the following boundaries are found along the Pacific Plate?
Spreading, converging, and transforming boundaries
A caldera, an explosion so violent it destroys the entire center part of a volcano is associated with
Strato Volcanoes
True/False The bulk of igneous rocks are made up of silicate minerals.
True
True/False The cycle of rock change constantly recycles rock and none of the original rocks of the earth's surface remain at the surface:
True
True/False The most important original source of inorganic mineral matter making up sedimentary rock is igneous rock:
True
True/False The type of rock that most closely resembles the composition of limestone is dolomite.
True
true/false Basaltic lavas are fluid and contain little gas compared to granitic lavas.
True
true/false Compression creates anticlines and synclines.
True
true/false Earthquakes can occur in locations far from plate boundaries.
True
true/false Hotspots occurring beneath continental crust can provide vast areas of flood basalts.
True
true/false Most active stratovolcanoes are located along the Pacific Rim "ring of fire".
True
true/false Most of the ocean floor is abyssal plain covered by fine sediment.
True
true/false The continental lithosphere is thicker but lighter than the thin yet dense oceanic crust.
True
true/false The lithosphere is the outermost shell including the crust and the outer portion of the mantle.
True
true/false Transcurrent faults are also known as strike-slip faults.
True
true/false Tsunami are not perceptible at sea in deep water
True
The Appalachian mountains are
ancient mountain roots
Shield volcanoes are formed
by the accumulation of low viscosity basaltic lava
The densest layer of the earth is
inner core
granite is an example
intrusive igneous rock