Geography Final Dec 2019
How many languages are spoken in the Vanuatu island chain?
80
Results of deforestation in hilly areas do NOT include: A) increased soil fertility. B) landslides. C) increased flooding. D) clogged waterways.
A
Which description BEST characterizes the Pacific Way? A) a political and cultural philosophy based on consensus and respect for traditional leadership B) a charity geared toward helping the poor and indigent of the Pacific islands C) the air currents that travel east to west around the globe at the "roaring forties" D) the cross-country highway that unites Western Australia with Queensland and the Great Barrier Reef
A
Which description characterizes the basic physical landscape of Australia's large interior? A) lowland desert B) lowland rainforest C) mountainous needle-leaf forest D) highland tundra
A
Which location in Oceania does NOT attract tourism far in excess of its population? A) New Zealand B) Guam C) Hawaii D) the Northern Mariana Islands
A
Which statement BEST describes the role of sports in Oceania? A) Sports are a unifying force that foster cultural identity and provide the people of Oceania with opportunities for travel within the region. B) Sports are primarily a male pursuit; women are discouraged from taking part in any sporting activity. C) Sports are seen as a result of colonial domination and are strongly discouraged by local and national governments. D) Sports are primarily undertaken by the lower classes; the upper classes prefer more artistic pursuits, such as music and literature.
A
Which statement does NOT describe an effect of sea level rise in South Asia? A) Nearly 50 percent of Bangladeshis might have to find new homes. B) Parts of Dhaka (Bangladesh), Mumbai and Kolkata (India), and Karachi (Pakistan) might be submerged. C) Beach erosion is so severe that homes only a few years old are falling into the sea. D) Coastal cities are building defensive structures like dikes and storm walls in response to climate change.
A
Which statement is NOT true of Australia's Aborigines? A) Today, a majority of the Aboriginal people practice their cultural traditions and live close to their ancient homelands. B) Until fairly recently, it was illegal for them to drink alcohol. C) In the last 20 years or so, the Australian government has awarded some land in the interior to Aborigines. D) Their traditional culture was nomadic and had no internal hierarchical differentiation
A
Why is the status of human well-being in the Pacific islands probably higher than statistics indicate? A) The statistics do not take into account subsistence affluence and strong communitarian values. B) The drug trade is part of the informal economy and introduces a lot of money to the economy. C) Inherited wealth is handed down from generation to generation and does not appear as income. D) Most education occurs in the home, so school attendance numbers do not indicate the correct overall level of education.
A
What group of people are the longest surviving inhabitants of Oceania?
Aboriginal Australians
What continent buys 76 percent of Australia's exports?
Asia
What continent receives the largest proportion of Australia's exports?
Asia
A low-lying island, or chain of islets, formed of coral reefs that have built up on the circular oval rim of a submerged volcano is called a(n) _____.
Atoll
A large portion of Australia's British population is descended from: A) pirates. B) convicts. C) royalty. D) merchants
B
Australia's main environmental problems do NOT include: A) invasive species. B) nuclear waste spills. C) water scarcity. D) heavy dependence on coal.
B
Common methods of water management in Australia and New Zealand do NOT include: A) water harvesting from roofs. B) the build of dams. C) drip irrigation technologies. D) water-filtration techniques.
B
Efforts to respond to the threats of climate change in South Asia do NOT include: A) development of solar and wind energy. B) underground water management systems. C) reduction of carbon dioxide emissions via electric (rather than gasoline-powered) cars. D) technologies to disperse or reverse monsoon wind patterns before they reach the region
B
Global warming in Oceania may NOT result in: A) increased wildfires. B) higher levels of human fertility. C) coral bleaching. D) stronger tropical storms.
B
What do Micronesia, Melanesia, and Polynesia all have in common? A) They are all territories of the United States or Europe. B) They are common names for island groupings in Oceania and are based on ancient cultural or ethnic links. C) They are all dominated by agricultural production. D) They are home to the world's most active volcanoes.
B
Which animals are NOT marsupials? A) kangaroos B) platypus C) koalas D) bandicoots
B
Which description BEST characterizes the climate of most of Oceania? A) frigid B) warm and humid C) arid and desert-like D) unstable and dangerous
B
Which statement BEST describes the people of Australia and New Zealand? A) They are predominantly a rural people engaged in agriculture or animal ranching. B) They are a predominantly urban people with a comfortable standard of living and diverse employment opportunities. C) They are mostly the descendants of indigenous people who still live in family compounds. D) They are an intensely religious people devoted to preserving sacred space in both the country and the city.
B
Which statement BEST describes the role of the region's Pacific island nation's greenhouse gas emissions in contributing to climate change? A) These islands are some of the greatest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions. B) These islands have contributed very little to greenhouse gas emissions because of their low emission lifestyles. C) These islands have contributed very little to greenhouse gas emissions because of their very dense populations. D) These islands have contributed greatly to greenhouse gas emissions but have also been at the forefront of reducing emissions.
B
Which statement does NOT describe an intended or unintended effect of India's diversion of the Ganga River's flow to Kolkata? A) Channels have been flushed out where silt is accumulating and hampering river traffic. B) The people of Bangladesh have benefited at the expense of the citizens of Kolkata. C) Salt water from the Bay of Bengal penetrates inland, ruining agricultural fields. D) The fishing industry in Bangladesh has been damaged
B
India's yearly diversion of the Ganga River deprives the people of what South Asian country of a normal flow of the river, causing agricultural losses and ecological disruption?
Bangladesh
The country with the most people vulnerable to the effects of a rise in sea level is _____.
Bangladesh
What sport is a favorite in parts of Micronesia that were U.S. Trust Territories?
Baseball
Alternative sources of energy being used or developed in Oceania do NOT include: A) wind energy. B) solar energy. C) nuclear energy. D) geothermal energy.
C
Bases for government in Australia and New Zealand do NOT include: A) parliamentary democracy. B) majority rule. C) the Pacific Way. D) universal voting rights.
C
In general, which statement describes a recent trend in the lives of the women of Australia and New Zealand? A) Gender equality is greater in the Pacific islands than in Australia and New Zealand. B) Women are no longer expected to perform housewife roles. C) Access to jobs has improved. D) Women's role in government and policy making has declined.
C
In what part of Australia do most Australians live? A) the northeast B) the west C) the interior D) the southeast
C
The largest of the world's regions is: A) North America. B) Russia and the Post-Soviet States. C) Oceania. D) East Asia.
C
Which factor is NOT a reasonable explanation for the increase in the number of people in Australia and New Zealand who claim indigenous ancestry? A) changing attitudes toward indigenous cultures B) a greater willingness by people to claim indigenous heritage C) government subsidies offered to those of indigenous ancestry D) higher rates of marriage between those of indigenous ancestry and European ancestry
C
Which statement BEST describes Oceania's trends in population? A) Australians and New Zealanders tend to have more rapidly growing populations than other islanders. B) Pacific Islanders tend to have more rapidly growing populations than Australians and New Zealanders. C) Overall in Oceania, the trend is for larger families. D) Overall in Oceania, the trend is for the population to get younger.
C
Which statement BEST summarizes human well-being in Oceania? A) As a rule, all of Oceania enjoys a high level of human well-being. B) Human well-being, as measured by GNI per capita, is highest on the Pacific islands. C) Australia, New Zealand, and Hawaii all rank quite high on human well-being, but the Pacific islands have low levels of income. D) Micronesia and Melanesia have relatively high levels of human well-being, but Polynesia has a very low level of human well-being.
C
Which statement BEST summarizes the role of the service sector of the economies in Australia and New Zealand? A) The service sector remains the least important part of the economies of these countries. B) While growing in importance, the service sector has remained mostly domestic. C) The service sector dominates the economies of both Australia and New Zealand. D) The service sector exists mostly to attract tourism, but it is almost nonexistent in other parts of the economies of Australia and New Zealand.
C
Which statement BEST summarizes the role of women in Oceania? A) They are love objects who exist to satisfy the desires of men. B) In all Oceanic countries, women dominate politics and the economic system. C) Women often exercise a good amount of power in the family, but gender equity is much closer to being achieved in Australia and New Zealand than in the Pacific islands. D) Women see themselves as competitors of men, and there is a persistent level of conflict between men and women at all levels of society, as well as in the workplace
C
Which statement is NOT true of migrants and refugees in Oceania? A) Legal migrants with skills are welcomed to Australia and New Zealand in rather large numbers. B) Australia firmly contends that it has the right to decide who legally immigrates to its soil. C) Australia and New Zealand have a reputation for having very strict migration policies, resulting in less than 10 percent of their populations being foreign born. D) Australia and New Zealand have experienced a huge and unexpected influx of impoverished and desperate refugees.
C
Which statement is NOT true of the Great Barrier Reef? A) It is the world's largest coral reef. B) It is located off the northeastern coast of Australia. C) Its presence in the Pacific is a prime contributor to El Niño. D) It influences Australia's climate by directing warm water southward.
C
Which statement is TRUE of sea navigation in Oceania? A) The navigation skills necessary to explore and occupy this region are quite elementary. B) In 1976, Mau Piailug was unable to resolve a scholarly debate over how people settled the many remote islands of the Pacific without navigational instruments thousands of years ago. C) Traditional navigational techniques are a symbol of cultural rebirth and a source of pride throughout the Pacific. D) Because of the vast distances between islands, Polynesians engaged in almost no trade.
C
Which two world regions are a primary source of Oceania's imports?
China and Japan
- _____ are the MOST numerous in New Zealand. A) People of European descent B) Maori C) Cattle D) Sheep
D
Over the last several years, which environmental issue related to climate change have residents of Kiribati NOT begun to notice? A) Their drinking water was getting salty. B) Fertile soils were saturated by salty rising tides. C) Shoreline villages had sunk below sea level. D) An increase in volcanic activity destroyed several villages.
D
The bases of a MIRAB economy does NOT include: A) bureaucracy. B) remittances. C) migration. D) independence.
D
The early winter monsoons of South Asia release rains over parts of: A) Pakistan. B) Afghanistan. C) Nepal and Bhutan. D) Sri Lanka and southeastern India.
D
The interpretation of the terms of the Waitangi Treaty by the British went against which Maori belief? A) Money was preferable to "guns and goods." B) Farming equipment would destroy the soil. C) Land would be returned at the turn of the century. D) Land is not a tradable commodity.
D
The modest size of the manufacturing sector in both Australia and New Zealand is the result of: A) the unemployment rate ibeing low, leaving few workers for the manufacturing sector. B) the UK increasing its reliance on the region's raw materials. C) their inability to keep up with increasing domestic demand. D) stiff competition from Asian firms.
D
UNCLOS is based on the idea that: A) tourism should be fostered in developing nations. B) nuclear waste should be stored in the country that generated it. C) communist nations should be supported in their drive toward democracy. D) the problems of the world's oceans are interrelated and need to be addressed as a whole.
D
What type of good is NOT a common regional export? A) coal B) dairy products C) wool for clothing D) citrus fruits
D
Which group of people did NOT emigrate to Australia and New Zealand after World War II? A) Yugoslavians B) Greeks C) Italians D) Vietnamese
D
Which statement does NOT describe the treatment of native people by the colonizers in Australia and New Zealand? A) Native people were often displaced from their lands. B) Native people were often exposed to exotic diseases to which they had no immunity. x C) Native people were shifted to the margins of society.x D) Natives were allowed to live on the most desirable territory, as long as they provided luxury agricultural crops to the British colonizers.
D
Which statement is NOT generally true of Australia's flora and fauna? A) The country is home to many of the world's endemic species. B) The country's plant life is adapted to dry conditions. C) The country's fauna include marsupials and monotremes. D) The country is home to many dense and lush forests
D
The Indian city that holds the world record for annual rainfall is _____
Darjeeling
Precipitation from the summer monsoon is particularly intense in which area of South Asia?
Darjeeling (east, north of the Bay of Bengal)
Because of its high degree of tectonic activity, South Asia is prone to what two major natural disasters?
Earthquakes and Tsunamis
What term is used to describe plant and animal species that exist in a particular place and nowhere else, such as many of the flora and fauna in Oceania?
Endemic
Which country saw three coups d'état against legally elected officials in 1987, 2000, and 2006?
Fiji
What mountains run along the eastern and western flanks of the Deccan Plateau?
Ghat Mountains
Which island was created when the drifting continent of Australia collided with the Eurasian Plate?
Gondwana
The dominant land use in Australia is:
Grazing of introduced domesticated animals.
The youngest volcanoes of Oceania are located on or near the islands known as:
Hawaii
Women are NOT pursuing higher education and postponing marriage and childbearing until their thirties in which country within this region?
Hawaii
Meltwater from what mountain range feeds the headwaters of South Asia's three principal rivers?
Himalayas
Which is the world's highest mountain range?
Himalayas
What Hindu religious tradition is negatively impacting water quality in the Ganga River?
Hindu death pilgrimages to river towns are negatively impacting water quality because ashes are scattered in the Ganga River.
What type of feature forms the high islands of Oceania, such as the Hawaiian Islands?
Hot Spots
After Aborigines protested at Australia's 200th birthday celebration, the Aborigines began to win some land claims. Where were most of these lands located?
In the arid interior previously controller by the Australian government.
Of those from outside Oceania, most people are emigrating from these two countries to Australia and New Zealand.
India and China
Together, the basins of the Indus and Ganga Rivers are called the _____.
Indo-Gangetic Plain
The abundance of rainfall during summer in South Asia is amplified by what phenomena?
Intertropical Convergence Zone
A plant or animal species spread into regions outside their native range, adversely affecting economies or environments are called _____.
Invasive species
What product of Oceania excited early colonizers the most?
Lures
A raised or uplifted coral platform that is a volcanic island is known as a(n) _____.
Makatea
Why does India's Prime Minister Modi believe the Sardar Sarovar Dam is an asset to India?
Modi believes that it's a new "smart city" for finance and echnology companies in Gujarat.
What country in the region had two female prime ministers since 1997?
New Zealand
On which land do the indigenous peoples of Australia and New Zealand maintain their traditional ways of life?
North America
What term describes a language that borrows words from several languages in order to allow communication between interacting parties that speak different languages, such as traders?
Pidgin
The name Deccan applies to what feature on South Asia's physical landscape?
Plateau in South Central India
The plateau that rose up behind the Himalayas as a result of strong tectonic forces is the _____.
Plateau of Tibet
Which subregion of Oceania is formed by a triangle bounded by New Zealand, Hawaii, and Easter Island?
Polynesia
The original settlers of New Zealand were the _____.
Polynesian Maori people.
Why is global warming of particular concern to Pacific Islanders living on atolls?
Raising sea levels
What term is used to describe relocation by retired people to a location with a pleasant climate?
Residential Tourism
What is the name of the winds that shape New Zealand's climate?
Roaring Forties
What is the main purpose of the "Chipko movement" in India?
Social forestry movement that slows deforestation and increases ecological awareness. "Tree Hugging"
Australia's Aborigines migrated from what region?
Southeast Asia
During the early 1900s, migrants from what world region were NOT all wed into Australia and New Zealand?
Southeast Asia
The European country that had set up a lucrative Pacific trade route between Manila and Acapulco in the 1560s was:
Spain
The Melanesians who arrived in what is today called Melanesia were emigrants from
Sundaland
What was established by the 1985 Treaty of Rarotonga?
The South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone
The Indian government's campaign to clean up poorly regulated factories came about as a result of:
The Union Carbide explosion in Bhopal
What sparked the growth of Australia's Vietnamese population?
The whites-only immigration policy being banned.
Why has India renamed several of its large cities, with Calcutta becoming Kolkata and Bombay becoming Mumbai?
To replace the names given to those cities during British colonial rule.
What industry is the largest in Hawaii and increasingly prominent in the economy of Oceania at large?
Travel and Tourism
How many islands compose New Zealand?
Two
The Indian pilgrimage town that millions of Hindus visit to die and be cremated in is:
Varanasi
In what part of the country do most Australians live?
Well-watered and fertile eastern and south-eastern coast.
New Zealand is most likely to reach its goal of producing 95 percent of its power from renewable resources by pursuing what type of energy production?
Wind Power
Because South Asia has clear physical boundaries that set it apart from the rest of the Asian continent, the term _____ is often used to refer to the entire Indian peninsula
subcontient
What process created the Himalayan Mountains?
the collision of the Indian-Australian Plate with the Eurasian Plate