Geography (Pre-Test, Practice Test and take 1 Quiz) Ancient Civilizations: Early Peoples of North America

Read the passage below and answer the question that follows. Lillie was hiking in New Mexico when she noticed something on the ground. It was a stone point about six inches long with a fluted base. What was Lillie looking at?

C a Clovis point

What did archaeologists find in the Cave at Diuktai?

NOT A) Clovis points similar to those found in New Mexico

The Clovis culture are considered __________ Paleo-Indians who hunted __________.

NOT A) archaic . . . bison

In what present-day region was agriculture first practiced in North America?

NOT A) the United States Its D) Mexico

Paleo-Indians groups spread __________ throughout North America.

B rapidly

Stone tools similar to those found in the Cave at Diuktai were found in __________ in Alaska.

B the Tanana Valley

What type of environments did hunter-gatherers live in?

A all types of environments

It is believed that early humans followed a large animal known as the __________ across the land bridge into North America.

A mammoth

The word "archaic" comes from a Greek word that means "__________."

A old

Thousands of years ago, the climate of the Bering Land Bridge was __________.

A subarctic

Analyze the image below and answer the question that follows. (Image) Image by Mauricio Antón The animals represented in the image above are __________.

C mammoths

An example of a hunter-gatherer society is the __________ culture.

B Clovis

Read the passage below and answer the question that follows. Marshall was a rancher in New Mexico. His dog ran off and he had to chase her past the boundaries of his ranch. When he finally reached his dog, he noticed there was something in her mouth. It was a stone point about two inches long that was fluted almost to the tip. What was Marshall looking at?

B a Folsom point

The word "paleo" comes from a Greek word that means "__________."

B ancient

Job specialization, population increases, and permanent settlements were all effects of __________.

C agriculture and animal domestication

Place the following events in order, tracing the migration patterns of early humans. i. Humans rapidly migrated south through North America. ii. Humans spread across North America and stayed in certain regions. iii. Humans migrated out of Africa. iv. Humans crossed the Bering Land Bridge. v. Humans spread through Europe and Asia.

C iii., v., iv., i., ii.

When did the climate begin to warm, ending the last major Ice Age?

D 10,000 years ago

In what present-day region was agriculture first practiced in North America?

D Mexico

The Clovis culture used wooden devices called __________ to increase the force of a spear.

D atlatls

The Folsom points are said to have been fluted. This means that the points had __________.

D grooves

If something is domesticated, it __________.

D has been tamed to meet human needs

Which of the following was an effect of early agriculture?

D job specialization

What are hunter-gatherers? How do they use the environment to survive? Provide an example of early hunter-gatherers in North America. Write your answer using four or more complete sentences.

Hunter gatherers are groups of people who move from place to place in search of food and other needed natural resources. They rely heavily on the environment for everything they need to survive, including food, shelter, clothing, tools, and even medicines. For instance, these groups will use every part of a hunted animal to survive: meat is used for food, skin for clothing and shelter, and other remains for tools and weapons. These groups will also gather any nuts, berries, and fruits they can find. The Paleo-Indians were early hunter-gatherers in North America. Most early human groups were until they began to domesticate plants and animals.

Read the statements below and answer the question that follows. i. Over 200 languages were spoken in North America. ii. Between 2 and 7 million Native Americans lived in North America. iii. Each Native American tribe participated in a unique culture. All of the above characteristics describe what North America looked like __________.

NOT B) after early humans crossed the Bering Land Bridge

Paleo-Indians groups spread __________ throughout North America.

NOT D) by horse its B) rapidly

Using complete sentences, describe what present-day Canada and the United States looked like just prior to contact between Europeans and Native Americans.

Prior to contact between Native Americans and Europeans in the 1400s, present-day Canada and the United States looked very different. It is estimated that between two and seven million Native Americans lived throughout the region. Agriculture allowed groups to live in large cities with complex societies. Other groups lived in small villages or as nomadic hunter-gatherers. Each group was unique from the other groups, with its own cultures and traditions. Over 200 languages were spoken, and groups learned to use their environments in unique ways.

Using complete sentences, trace the migration patterns of early humans from Africa to North America. Then, explain the theory of early human migration and the evidence that supports it.

Research conducted by both anthropologists and archaeologists suggests that early humans originated in Africa. Over time, these humans began to migrate to other locations such as Europe and Asia. Approximately 15 to 60 thousand years ago, early humans began to migrate to North America. Scientists believe that early humans crossed from Asia to North America using the Bering Land Bridge, which was exposed during the Ice Age. Large animals such as mammoths and mastodons crossed the bridge first. Early humans followed the large beasts across the bridge because they made up the humans' food supply. After these humans crossed the bridge, they began to spread across North America and into South America. It is believed that this process took thousands of years. Archaeologists found nearly identical artifacts in Siberia and Alaska, suggesting that the land bridge theory is correct.

Using complete sentences, describe the similarities and differences between the Clovis and Folsom cultures.

The Clovis and Folsom groups were both Paleo-Indian cultures whose artifacts and remains were first discovered in New Mexico. The groups were named after the regions where they were discovered. It is believed that both groups were nomadic hunter-gatherer societies. These two cultures differ for a few reasons. The Clovis culture is often considered to belong to the early Paleo-Indian group and thought to be older than the Folsom culture, which belongs to the late Paleo-Indian group. The biggest differences between these two groups is in the types of weapons they used to hunt and in which animals they hunted. The Clovis culture used Clovis points, or arrowheads. These points were between 4 and 6 inches long and had fluted points. The Clovis used these points along with atlatls to hunt large game like mammoths. The Folsom culture also used points to hunt; however, their points were slightly different. Referred to as Folsom points, they were only about two inches long and had a fluted groove that almost reached the end of the point on both sides. The Folsom used these points to hunt smaller game such as bison.

Using complete sentences, explain how the domestication of plants and animals and the use of agriculture affected groups living during the Archaic period.

The invention of agriculture and the domestication of plants and animals completely changed how archaic societies lived. Prior to the use of agriculture, Paleo-Indians traveled from place to place, following large game and relying on the environment around them. Agriculture allowed many groups to stay in one location. Once these groups were stationary, they could support more people, and their societies began to grow. There was also more time to specialize in job skills, practice religion, create art and jewelry, and participate in social activities. Groups could adapt to their environments and modify the land around them.