GEOL 1550 Ch. 4

Which of the following statements correctly interpret the environmental conditions associated with types of biogenous deposits? Choose all that apply.

-Diatomaceous ooze on the sea floor indicates cool surface water above. -Foraminifer ooze on the sea floor means warm surface water above. -Coccolith ooze on the sea floor indicates the water is shallower than 4000 meters.

Of the following, which energy resource(s) can be extracted from marine sediments? Choose all that apply

-Gas hydrates -Petroleum

Which of the following organisms are responsible for the creation of siliceous ooze? Choose all that apply.

-Radiolarians -Diatoms

Which of the following is not a primary cause of erosion?

Siltification

Calcareous ooze sediments are associated with

shallow water depths

Fecal pellets

(all of the above) -are aggregates of biologic refuse -make up the particles of oozes -make up marine snow

Of the following types of lithogenous sediment, which one(s) would you expect to find very far from the location of origin? Choose all that apply

-Volcanic ash -Quartz silt

Cosmogenous

Most meteorites are tiny spherules. Tiny % but widespread. Transformed by trip through Earth's atmosphere. 1. rich in metals (iron, nickel, iridium) from cores, melt/crust during incineration in atmosphere, reform as droplets 2. silicon-based, like Earth rocks - but with glassy texture from melting/impacting with Earth. Iron is detectable by magnets. At right is a 150-μ image of an iron-rich spherule.

You take a sediment sample from the ocean floor at a depth of 5500 m. The area has low biological productivity and the CCD is at 4500 m depth. Your sample will probably consist of __________

clay

From smallest to largest, which list of sediment particle sizes is in the correct order?

clay, silt, sand, pebbles

Marine sediment with more than 30% biogenous material is called __________.

ooze

The most abundant mineral in lithogenous sediments is __________.

quartz

Lithogenous sediments come from

rocks

Sediment samples from deep beneath the ocean floor are recovered by __________.

rotary drilling

Neritic sediments are most likely to be composed of __________.

sand, silt, and gravel

Oozes are uncommon on continental margins because __________.

the biogenous component tends to be overwhelmed by the amount of lithogenous material derived from the nearby continent

Which of the following conditions allows for calcareous ooze to exist beneath the CCD? Select only one answer

-A layer of clay buries the ooze before the sea floor subsides

Which of the following are microscopic, single-celled floating algae that accumulate to form biogenous sediment? Choose all that apply.

-Coccolithophores -Diatoms

Of the following sediments, which one(s) is/are considered biogenous? Choose all that apply.

-tests of foraminifers -radiolarian ooze

You add sand, silt, and clay to a jar of water, shake the jar vigorously, and allow the sediment to settle. The resulting sediment will most closely resemble that of a(n) __________.

continental rise

Salt beds of the U.S. Gulf Coast are __________.

hydrogenous sediments

In which of the following environments would you expect lithogenous sediment to be the dominant sediment type? Choose all that apply

-a sandy beach -the abyssal plains at -the base of the continental slope

Of the following sediments, which one(s) is/are considered hydrogenous? Choose all that apply.

-manganese nodules -coatings of metal sulfides near black smokers

Marine sediments provide valuable clues about which of the following Earth history events? Choose all that apply

-movement of the ocean floor -the ancient geographical locations of ocean basins -the climate on Earth millions of years ago -previous ocean circulation patterns -past catastrophes, such as major extinction events

Sediments with all grains of about the same size are classified as __________.

well sorted