GEOL1340 EXAM 3

Cinder cones... a. Are the largest of all the volcanoes on Earth. b. Are mostly constructed by basaltic lava. c. Are the classic type of volcanoes comprising the Cascade Range of Washington and Oregon. d. Are generally small and constructed of pyroclasic material.

Are generally small and constructed of pyroclasic material.

The following figure illustrates a ____________ fault that forms due to ___________ stress. a. Thrust/shear b. Strike-slip/compressional c. Normal/tensional d. Reverse/tensional

Normal/tensional

The bending of seismic waves when passing through Earth's interior is called _________ a. Reflection b. Diffraction c. Refraction d. Deflection

Refraction

Schist and gneiss are most commonly associated with ___________ metamorphism. a. Hydrothermal b. Dynamic c. Contact d. Regional

Regional

Which of the following types of slope failure is the fastest? a. Rock fall b. Rock slide c. Debris slide d. Soil creep

Rock fall

Each of the following are reactants in the weathering process except for _______, which is a product of weathering. a. Water b. Rock fragments c. Acids d. Solid rock

Rock fragments

What type of mass movement is depicted in the figure below? a. Debris avalanche b. Rotational slide c. Soil creep d. Mudflow

Rotational slide

What is going on in the following illustration? a. Earth's magnetic field was in the process of reversing over the past 500 million years. b. Earth had two north magnetic poles in the past that eventually merged into one pole. c. The magnetic north and south poles were at one time joined in the northern hemisphere, but have since drifted apart to their present locations. d. The different locations and apparent polar wander paths of the magnetic north pole over the past 500 million years are artifacts of continental drift.

The different locations and apparent polar wander paths of the magnetic north pole over the past 500 million years are artifacts of continental drift.

According to the Rock Cycle, which of the following is the first stage in converting a metamorphic rock into a sedimentary rock? a. Burial to greater depths b. Uplift and exposure c. Weathering and erosion to produce sediment d. Lithification e. Increase the temperature

Uplift and exposure

Which of the following is NOT a sedimentary environment where sediments accumulate? a. Desert b. Continental shelf c. Mountain valley d. Uplifted bedrock undergoing weathering and erosion e. Beach

Uplifted bedrock undergoing weathering and erosion

Horizontally-layered sedimentary rocks can be folded into arches called _________ and troughs known as ____________. a. Basins/anticlines b. Synclines/domes c. Synclines/anticlines d. Anticlines/synclines

Anticlines/synclines

Which of the following does NOT constitute evidence for continental drift? a. Coal deposits in Antarctica. b. Continents fit together like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. c. Similar fossils of ancient plants and animals found on the five southern continents now separated by oceans. d. Reef-building corals in frozen Greenland. e. A cooling, shrinking Earth.

A cooling, shrinking Earth.

Which of the following statements is true for minerals? a. Atoms within the crystal structure of a mineral are usually disorganized and randomly distributed. b. A given mineral has a specific crystal structure and chemical composition. c. Minerals are mostly created through the activities of organisms. d. The minerals quartz and halite are considered separate minerals because of differences in crystal sizes

A given mineral has a specific crystal structure and chemical composition.

Which of the following statements LEAST-LIKELY applies to landscapes? a. Uplift of land creates a disequilibrium between relief and energy b. The landscape interacts with hydrologic and atmospheric processes c. A landscape is in steady-state equilibrium and never changes even if one or more input variables change d. A landscape is an open system with variable inputs of energy and materials

A landscape is in steady-state equilibrium and never changes even if one or more input variables change

Detrital (clastic) sedimentary rocks... a. Crystallize directly from water. b. Include rock salt and limestone. c. Are more likely than chemical sedimentary rocks to contain fossils of marine organisms. d. Are composed of particles of pre-existing rocks.

Are composed of particles of pre-existing rocks.

Which of the following statements is an example of foliation in metamorphic rocks? a. Reactions between rocks and hot magmatic fluids result in the formation of green, blocky minerals containing water in their crystal structures. b. Alignment of platy minerals like micas in a common direction due to direct pressure during metamorphism. c. Recrystallization of original minerals into large, equal-sized crystals that appear as granules in a metamorphic rock. d. Minerals are platy and randomly oriented in different directions due to high temperature, low pressure metamorphism.

Alignment of platy minerals like micas in a common direction due to direct pressure during metamorphism.

What would happen if we could close the Atlantic Ocean? a. The Appalachian Mountains of eastern North America would match up with the Caledonian Mountains of the British Isles and Scandinavia b. The rocks and rock structures along eastern South America would align and match those of western Africa c. Northwest Africa would fit against eastern North America d. All oceanic crust in the Atlantic would be subducted into the mantle e. All of the above

All of the above

Weird ice-flow directions of ancient glaciers, as evidenced today on the continents of South America, Africa, India, and Australia, make sense if we... a. Assume randomness in the way glaciers move. b. Assume that all ice flows converge towards Australia. c. Assemble these continents into a giant supercontinent. d. Take into account changes in Earth's magnetic field over the last three hundred million years.

Assemble these continents into a giant supercontinent.

Which of the following minerals is most susceptible to chemical weathering via dissolution? a. Quartz b. Clay c. Calcite d. Hematite (iron oxide)

Calcite

The mineral calcite belongs to which of the following mineral groups? a. Oxides b. Carbonates c. Sulfates d. Silicates e. Halides

Carbonates

Within limestone bedrock undergoing dissolution by slightly acidic groundwater, ________ form below the water table within the zone of saturation while ___________ form above the water table within the zone of aeration. a. Stalactites/stalagmites b. Caves/stalactites c. Stalagmites/stalactites d. Sinkholes/caves

Caves/stalactites

_________ metamorphism is directly associated with the margins of igneous intrusions? a. Burial b. Contact c. Regional d. Dynamic

Contact

Which of the following is (are) LEAST LIKELY associated with a convergent plate boundary? a. Continental rift b. Subduction of oceanic lithosphere c. Ocean trench d. Earthquakes e. Volcanic arc or range

Continental rift

One way by which continents grow is through addition of igneous material along _______. a. Convergent plate boundaries b. Passive continental margins c. Divergent plate boundaries d. Transform plate boundaries

Convergent plate boundaries

The accretion of crustal fragments such as inactive volcanic arcs and microcontinents to the edge of a continent is generally associated with... a. Mantle plumes and hot spots b. Convergent plate boundaries c. Divergent plate boundaries d. Transform plate boundaries

Convergent plate boundaries

Where would composite volcanoes most likely form? a. Over hot spots within plates b. Mid-ocean ridge c. Convergent plate boundary d. Rift valley

Convergent plate boundary

With regard to the Wilson Cycle, which of the following is most likely associated with the closing of an ocean basin? a. Seafloor spreading b. Convergent plate boundary c. Formation of a linear sea d. Rifting of continental crust

Convergent plate boundary

What constitutes the plates of plate tectonics? a. Oceanic lithosphere only b. Crust and solid upper portion of the mantle directly above the asthenosphere c. Continental lithosphere only d. Crust and asthenosphere e. Crust only

Crust and solid upper portion of the mantle directly above the asthenosphere

The Moho is the boundary between the ________ and _________ a. Crust/upper mantle b. Mesosphere/outer core c. Outer core/inner core d. Asthenosphere/mesosphere

Crust/upper mantle

Which of the following chemical sedimentary rocks will most likely contain fossils? a. Limestone b. Rock gypsum c. Rock salt d. Chert

Limestone

How is magma generated beneath mid-ocean ridges? a. Melting of mantle peridotite by hot hydrothermal fluids b. Decompression melting of mantle peridotite c. Ridge push d. Release of volatiles (mainly water) into mantle peridotite

Decompression melting of mantle peridotite

Which of the following statements about streams is FALSE? a. The stream gradient typically decreases when going from the head to mouth of a stream b. Stream transport of larger particles such as sand and gravel occur via sliding, rolling, and bouncing c. The headwaters of a stream is usually the zone of erosion and sediment production d. Deltas typically form at the head of a stream e. Stream discharge is a measure of the volume of water that passes through a particular location in unit time

Deltas typically form at the head of a stream

What type of drainage pattern is depicted in the following illustration? a. Rectangular b. Trellis c. Dendritic d. Radial

Dendritic

A light-colored igneous rock with abundant quartz and potassium feldspar is probably ________ in composition. a. Mafic b. Ultramafic c. Intermediate d. Felsic

Felsic

Which of the following geologic features would LEAST LIKELY be associated with karst topography? a. Granitic domes b. Limestone bedrock c. Sinkholes d. Disappearing streams e. Caves

Granitic domes

Which of the following pairs of minerals belong to the same mineral group? a. Gypsum and anhydrite b. Mica and gold c. Calcite and olivine d. Quartz and halite

Gypsum and anhydrite

A low-viscosity magma most likely... a. Erupts volcanic ash b. Yields explosive eruptions c. Is thick and sticky, thus retaining its gases d. Has low silica content

Has low silica content

Which of the following statements regarding heat flow on Earth is TRUE? a. Heat is generally transferred from Earth's surface down towards the core mainly by conduction. b. Heat flow, as measured on Earth's surface, is the same everywhere. c. Heat flow, as measured on Earth's surface, is higher along mid-ocean ridges and other volcanically active regions but lower within the interiors of stable continents. d. Heat is transferred from Earth's interior towards the surface mainly by radiation.

Heat flow, as measured on Earth's surface, is higher along mid-ocean ridges and other volcanically active regions but lower within the interiors of stable continents.

Which of the following statements about the D'' layer is FALSE? a. Occurs in the lower mantle near the boundary with the outer core b. Possible graveyard of subducted oceanic lithosphere c. Heat passes through the D'' layer mainly by radiation d. Birthplace of deep mantle plumes

Heat passes through the D'' layer mainly by radiation

Which of the following is NOT a silicate mineral? a. Pyroxene b. Mica c. Hematite d. Quartz e. Plagioclase feldspar

Hematite

Which of the following LEAST LIKELY forms in response to compressional stress? a. Anticline b. Thrust fault c. Horst and graben structures d. Syncline e. Reverse fault

Horst and graben structures

What type of metamorphism involves chemical reactions between oceanic lithosphere and warm fluids near mid-ocean ridges? a. Regional metamorphism b. Hydrothermal metamorphism c. Subduction zone metamorphism d. Burial metamorphism

Hydrothermal metamorphism

Earth's overall density is calculated to be 5.52 grams per cubic centimeter. However, crustal rocks only give densities around 2.9 grams per cubic centimenter. Where is the excess density? a. The larger circumference of Earth at the equator relative to the poles means that the highest density occurs at zero degrees latitude b. Water stored in the oceans c. Iron in Earth's core d. Increasing pressures increase the density of mantle rocks at depth

Iron in Earth's core

Which of the following statements regarding mid-ocean ridges is FALSE? a. Lithospheric plates converge and are destroyed along mid-ocean ridges. b. Sites of undersea volcanic activity c. Plate boundary where new oceanic lithosphere is created. d. Long, undersea mountain ranges found in all the major ocean basins of the world. e. Sites of hydrothermal discharges on the seafloor known as black smokers.

Lithospheric plates converge and are destroyed along mid-ocean ridges.

Which of the following types of magma will most likely result in fluid, basaltic lava flows and mild eruptions? a. High silica and low-temperature magma b. Low silica and gas-poor magma c. High viscosity and gas-rich magma d. Low temperature and gas-rich magma

Low silica and gas-poor magma

Which of the following statements regarding cooling rates of magma is TRUE? a. Fast cooling rates of magma produce large crystals. b. An igneous pluton forms from lava that is extruded onto Earth's surface and cools quickly. c. Magma crystallizing deep in the crust cools slowly and forms large crystals. d. Lava erupted on Earth's surface cools very slowly when exposed to the atmosphere.

Magma crystallizing deep in the crust cools slowly and forms large crystals.

Circulation of liquid iron in the outer core is thought to be responsible for Earth's _____________ a. Gravity b. Geoid c. Magnetic field d. Rotation

Magnetic field

A principle driving force for the movement of lithospheric plates is/are... a. Volcanoes and earthquakes b. Mantle convection c. Mantle plumes d. Magnetic reversals

Mantle convection

Which of the following is NOT a driving force of plate tectonics? a. Mantle plumes b. Slab pull c. Ridge push d. Mantle convection

Mantle plumes

Where would we find the deepest part of the Pacific Ocean? a. Emperor Seamount Chain b. Hawaiian Hot Spot c. East Pacific Rise d. Mariana Trench

Mariana Trench

_________involves the breakdown of rocks into smaller particles by processes such as frost wedging and unloading (sheeting) without changing the overall composition of the minerals. a. Chemical weathering b. Mechanical (physical) weathering c. Mass wasting d. Erosion

Mechanical (physical) weathering

With regard to the following figure, which of the statements below is TRUE? a. The vertical distance from sea level to the highest elevation on land is greater than the vertical distance from sea level to the deepest trench in the ocean b. The average elevation of Earth's surface occurs above sea level c. Most of Earth's surface is covered by water d. Earth's surface only refers to the areas above sea level

Most of Earth's surface is covered by water

Which of the following features exhibits the greatest relief? a. Plains b. Mountains c. Hills d. Low tablelands

Mountains

What distinguishes the native element minerals from the other mineral groups? a. Native element minerals are comprised of only one element b. Native element minerals only form ionic bonds c. Native element minerals are all soft and easily scratched d. Native element minerals are bonded to sulfur

Native element minerals are comprised of only one element

Which of the following is LEAST LIKELY an environmental effect of an explosive volcanic eruption? a. Net increase in solar radiation at Earth's surface b. Temporary decrease in the average global temperature c. Colorful twilight and dawn skies are seen worldwide d. Ash cloud increases atmospheric albedo e. Increase in sulfuric acid mist in the atmosphere

Net increase in solar radiation at Earth's surface

P-wave shadow zones are regions on Earth's surface where... a. No P-waves are detected by seismometers. b. Only P-waves are detected by seismometers. c. S-waves change into P-waves. d. Only P-waves are generated by earthquakes.

No P-waves are detected by seismometers.

Studies of the ocean floor indicate that oceanic crust varies in age from place to place. Which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Oceanic crust becomes progressively older as we approach a mid-ocean ridge. b. The youngest oceanic crust occurs along mid-ocean ridges. c. The oldest oceanic crust within an ocean basin occurs along the margins of the basin and farthest from the mid-ocean ridge. d. The ages of oceanic crust are truncated at convergent plate boundaries.

Oceanic crust becomes progressively older as we approach a mid-ocean ridge.

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be a plate boundary? a. Mid-ocean ridge b. Transform fault c. Oceanic hot spot d. Subduction zone

Oceanic hot spot

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding drainage systems and basins? a. Two adjacent drainage basins are separated by a ridge or drainage divide. b. A large drainage basin can be comprised of smaller drainage basins. c. Runoff within a particular drainage basin ultimately collects within one major stream or river. d. Drainage systems ultimately carry water to the ocean. e. Only a large area covering several states can be considered a drainage basin.

Only a large area covering several states can be considered a drainage basin.

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of a craton? a. Only consists of undeformed sedimentary rocks younger than 500 million years b. Contains exposures of the root zones of ancient mountain ranges that have since mostly been eroded away c. Includes metamorphosed igneous rocks originally formed within ancient subduction zones d. Includes old continental margin sedimentary rocks subsequently metamorphosed within the collision zone of protocontinents

Only consists of undeformed sedimentary rocks younger than 500 million years

Which of the following statements regarding the Rock Cycle is FALSE? a. Any rock type can be uplifted and exposed to weathering agents. b. Igneous rocks can bypass the weathering stage and be converted directly into metamorphic rocks. c. Sedimentary rocks can convert into metamorphic rocks if the temperature and pressure conditions are right. d. Only igneous rocks can be uplifted and exposed to weathering.

Only igneous rocks can be uplifted and exposed to weathering.

Which of the following statements regarding convergent plate boundaries is FALSE? a. Only occurs where a continental plate meets an oceanic plate b. Boundary where oceanic crust is destroyed c. Sites of plate collision and subduction d. Associated with volcanic arcs and mountain ranges

Only occurs where a continental plate meets an oceanic plate

The figure below illustrates the motion of ____________ a. Surface waves b. S-waves c. P-waves d. Reflected waves

P-Waves

Wegener assembled the continents like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle into a giant supercontinent called... a. Eurasia b. Pangea c. Euroamerica d. Gondwanaland

Pangea

How does breccia differ from conglomerate? a. Breccia contains fossils whereas conglomerate does not. b. Breccia is a detrital sedimentary rock whereas conglomerate is a chemical sedimentary rock. c. Particles in breccia are angular, while particles in conglomerate are rounded. d. Particle sizes in breccia are smaller than those found in conglomerate.

Particles in breccia are angular, while particles in conglomerate are rounded.

The upper mantle is composed largely of an ultramafic rock called ___________ a. Peridotite b. Granite c. Basalt d. Andesite

Peridotite

What process led to the separation of Earth's hot interior into the core, mantle, and crust 4.5 billion years ago? a. Planetary differentiation b. Earth was struck by a Mars-sized object c. Outgassing of Earth's interior d. Radioactive decay of short-lived radioactive elements

Planetary differentiation

Which of the following statements is TRUE? a. Linear chains of volcanic islands like the Hawaiian Islands are products of a mobile mantle plume migrating beneath stationary oceanic crust. b. The magnetic inclination of a compass needle is the same at all latitudes. c. Deep ocean trenches are only associated with transform plate boundaries. d. Convergent plate boundaries occur where segments of a mid-ocean ridge are offset. e. Plate tectonics is a process by which lithospheric plates are created along mid-ocean ridges and afterwards recycled back into the mantle along subduction zones.

Plate tectonics is a process by which lithospheric plates are created along mid-ocean ridges and afterwards recycled back into the mantle along subduction zones.

Which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Polarity reversals in Earth's magnetic field only affect the magnetic inclination, but not the declination, of ancient rocks. b. The magnetic inclination of a compass needle is zero degrees at the magnetic equator. c. Magnetic inclination and declination can be measured in some igneous rocks. d. Magnetic declination today is a compass needle pointing to the magnetic north pole.

Polarity reversals in Earth's magnetic field only affect the magnetic inclination, but not the declination, of ancient rocks.

Sandstone is metamorphosed into a non-foliated rock called ___________. a. Schist b. Mylonite c. Marble d. Quartzite

Quartzite

What is the main source of Earth's internal heat today? a. Radioactive decay of long-lived radioactive isotopes b. Meteorite impacts c. Gravitational contraction d. Solar radiation

Radioactive decay of long-lived radioactive isotopes

The north magnetic pole can wander and change strength over time. True False

True

What changes in P- and S-waves occur when encountering the outer core that lead scientists to conclude that this layer is composed of liquid iron? a. P-waves slow down while S-waves speed up when passing through the outer core. b. Both P- and S-waves are prevented from passing through the outer core. c. S-waves cannot pass through the outer core while P-waves slow down significantly when passing through this layer. d. Both P- and S-waves increase in velocity when passing through the outer core.

S-waves cannot pass through the outer core while P-waves slow down significantly when passing through this layer.

Which of the following is NOT a foliated metamorphic rock? a. Gneiss b. Schist c. Slate d. Sandstone

Sandstone

The expansion of a deep-seated granite due to uplift and removal (unloading) of overlying rock is associated with what type of weathering process? a. Frost wedging b. Spheroidal weathering c. Sheeting and exfoliation d. Differential weathering

Sheeting and exfoliation

The Hawaiian Islands are constructed of ______________ and _____________. a. Shield volcanoes/basaltic lava flows b. Cinder cones/pyroclastic material c. Composite volcanoes/andesitic lava flows d. Lava domes/ rhyolitic lava flow

Shield volcanoes/basaltic lava flows

Which of the following statements regarding silicate minerals is false? a. Silicate tetrahedra can bond with cations but not with other tetrahedra. b. Silicate minerals are the most abundant minerals in Earth's crust. c. All silicate minerals have silicon and oxygen in their chemical formula. d. The basic building block of all silicate minerals is the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron.

Silicate tetrahedra can bond with cations but not with other tetrahedra.

What are the two dominant igneous intrusions illustrated below? a. Batholith and dike b. Sill and dike c. Dike and laccolith d. Volcanic neck and batholith

Sill and dike

For the figure below, which letter corresponds to the epicenter of the earthquake? a. Site A b. Site B c. Site C d. Site D

Site B

What type of seismic wave travels the slowest and does the most damage during an earthquake? a. S-waves b. Surface waves c. Body waves d. P-waves

Surface waves

Each of the following processes work to wear down and reduce the elevation of a landscape EXCEPT______ a. Weathering b. Mass wasting (movement) c. Tectonic uplift d. Erosion

Tectonic uplift

____________ stress and strain most likely occur along a divergent plate boundary. a. Compressional b. Lateral c. Tensional d. Shear

Tensional

Which of the following statements regarding reversals in Earth's magnetic field is TRUE? a. The Geomagnetic Time Scale indicates several reversals in Earth's magnetic field over the last 5 million years. b. Magnetic stripes in oceanic crust only reflect periods of normal magnetic polarity. c. Magnetic stripes on the seafloor only exhibit normal polarity to the left of a mid-ocean ridge, and reverse polarity to the right of the ridge. d. Even though Earth's magnetic polarity occasionally reverses, the direction of magnetic lines of force have always pointed towards the magnetic north pole.

The Geomagnetic Time Scale indicates several reversals in Earth's magnetic field over the last 5 million years.

What happens to P- and S-waves when encountering transition zones at 400 km and 700 km depths? a. They slow down because mantle material is softened at these depths. b. P- and S-waves are reflected back to the surface. c. The two transition zones prevent P- and S-waves from reaching the lower mantle. d. They speed up due to density increases in mantle rock resulting from phase changes in minerals.

They speed up due to density increases in mantle rock resulting from phase changes in minerals.

Continental crust on average is _________ and ____________ than oceanic crust. a. Thinner/less dense b. Thinner/denser c. Thicker/denser d. Thicker/less dense

Thicker/less dense

Which of the following statements about transform faults is FALSE? a. Plates move horizontally but in opposite directions along the transform fault b. Transform faults are the same as fracture zones c. The San Andreas of Californina is an example of a transform fault on land d. Along mid-ocean ridges, motion along a transform fault occurs between offset ridge segments

Transform faults are the same as fracture zones

Where would you least expect to find active volcanoes? a. Oceanic hot spot b. Mid-ocean ridge c. Convergent plate boundary d. Transform plate boundary

Transform plate boundary

Which of the following most likely causes a supercontinent to break apart? a. Mantle beneath the supercontinent cools and sinks, pulling parts of the supercontinent down with it. b. Upwelling mantle plumes beneath the supercontinent break the supercontinent apart. c. Supercontinent is split apart due to impact by a large asteroid d. Subduction zones form within the supercontinent and generate volcanoes that blow the supercontinent apart e. Collision of the supercontinent with another continent causes the former to split apart.

Upwelling mantle plumes beneath the supercontinent break the supercontinent apart.

The bending of seismic waves when passing through Earth's interior is due to changes in wave ____________ when encountering different Earth materials. a. Type b. Velocity c. Temperature d. Magnitude

Velocity

Which of the following is NOT a direct product of weathering? a. Rock fragments b. Water c. Dissolved ions d. Clay minerals

Water

What happens when the velocity of seismic waves increases when passing from a shallower to deeper rock layer? a. Whe waves refract (bend upward) towards the boundary separating the layers b. The waves refract (bend downward) way from the boundary separating the layers c. The waves neither refract nor reflect but simply pass through the boundary without changing direction d. The waves always reflect off the boundary separating the layers

Whe waves refract (bend upward) towards the boundary separating the layers

Which of the following characterizes a stream that has reached base level? a. Active downcutting b. Rapids and waterfalls c. Narrow V-shaped valley d. Wide flood plain

Wide flood plain

The following figure illustrates how the root zones of ancient mountain ranges consisting of igneous and metamorphic rocks eventually reach the surface. These ancient root zones are most likely exposed today... a. Along modern volcanic arcs b. Along modern continental shelves c. Within ocean basins d. Within the shield areas of cratons

Within the shield areas of cratons

The Columbia River flood basalts are products of fissure eruptions associated with... a. seafloor spreading along the East Pacific Rise b. a mantle plume c. subduction of the Juan de Fuca plate d. movement along the San Andreas Fault

a mantle plume

The deepest earthquakes tend to occur... a. along convergent plate boundaries b. beneath mid-ocean ridges c. along transform faults d. above ascending mantle plumes

along convergent plate boundaries

Which of the following steps is NOT consistent with the Elastic Rebound Theory for generating an earthquake? a.Fault plane initially locked b.Stress is applied to crustal blocks on both sides of the fault plane c.Strain builds up in crustal rocks near the locked fault d.A persistent earthquake causes the strain around the locked fault to build up (increase) even more e.The fault finally slips, releasing seismic energy as an earthquake

d.A persistent earthquake causes the strain around the locked fault to build up (increase) even more

Which of the following can have the greatest angle of repose? a.All of the above will have the same angle of repose b.Water-saturated sand c.Dry sand d.Moist sand

d.Moist sand

A viscous magma rich in dissolved gases will produce... a. only plutonic rocks with large crystals. b. quiet eruptions and fluid lava. c. mild eruptions that crystallize into mafic igneous rocks only. d. explosive eruptions and volcanic ash.

explosive eruptions and volcanic ash.

Seismic tomography allows geophysicists to generate a computer image of Earth's mantle by... a. determining if heat passes through the mantle by convection, radiation, or conduction b. identifying regions in the mantle where P- and S-wave velocities are faster or slower than average c. locating regions in the mantle where most earthquakes occur d. identifying P- and S-wave shadow zones on Earth's surface

identifying regions in the mantle where P- and S-wave velocities are faster or slower than average