geron 302/psyc 374 final

A 65-year-old man smoked all his life and now has ____________, a combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Which of the following is a documented risk factor for developing cataracts?

Cigarette smoking

The World Health Organization defines health as having which qualities?

Complete physical, mental, and social well-being

The crude death rate provides information about which aspect of mortality?

Number of deaths divided by the size of the population.

Diabetes can be traced to the abnormal functioning of which bodily organ?

Pancreas

In ________________ disease, the individual primarily suffers from disturbances in motor functioning, including having tremors, shuffling gait, and difficulties maintaining balance.

Parkinson's

Symptoms of depression in persons over the age of 65 are more likely to take which form compared to symptoms shown in younger adults?

Physical complaints

Which of the following is an appropriate modification that clinicians should use when assessing older adult clients?

Taking physical limitations of the client into account such as arthritis.

Depressive symptoms can place the older adult at risk for developing which other diseases or conditions?

arthritis

According to the ________________ view of bereavement the bereaved can continue to benefit from maintaining emotional bonds to the deceased individual.

attachment

Research on videogame training in young adults shows that these games have the effect of improving:

attentional control.

Changes with age in the dermis layer of the skin are associated with age-related alterations in which protein, also found in connective tissue throughout the body?

collagen

By using ___________ to guide them, older adults can compensate for age-related changes in memory and speed when comprehending language

context

While you are at rest, the brain's ____________ is at work, processing information that you generate internally.

default network

Found to contribute to major depressive disorder in older adults, which condition might be overlooked by psychologists conducting an assessment?

dental problems, including tooth loss

Exposure to the asbestos increases an individual's risk of developing _______ cancer.

lung

Based on what researchers have discovered about the attraction effect, it is likely that in considering their behavior as consumers older adults should be more likely to:

make better decisions about what to purchase.

Older adults who eat a diet that includes food rich in ____________ are likely to experience some cognitive benefits.

omega-3

The idea of reserve capacity in research on aging and intelligence is very similar to the concept of ____________ in the nervous system

plasticity

Your friend's great aunt shares with you the fact that she seems to be less able to lift weight than she could when in her 40s. She is experiencing which normal age-related change?

sarcopenia

The model of self-regulation and driving predicts that an older adult will continue to drive depends on the psychological factors of:

self-confidence and need for independence.

Older adults who have a low sense of memory ________________, the feeling that they cannot perform well on a memory test, are likely to have poorer scores when their memory is actually tested.

self-efficacy

Vocabulary, factual information, and historical knowledge fall into the category of ____________ memory, a process not affected by aging.

semantic

Treating dying individuals as nonpersons when they approach the end of their lives is known as _________ death.

social

Mixing up who said what in a conversation that happened in the past is an instance of ___________ memory failure, a problem that affects older more than younger adults.

source

Approximately what percent of individuals with schizophrenia attempt to commit suicide during their lifetimes?

50

Surveys on adult populations measuring serious mental illness show that the lowest rates are reported in which age group?

65 and older

While checking in on an older adult patient whose husband is visiting her in the hospital, a nurse's aide finds them holding hands and kissing. The aide immediately laughs and says "That's so cute!" What is the aide's behavior referred to in the psychology of aging?

Elderspeak

An older adult client is being seen in a clinic to evaluate whether she has depression or a neurocognitive disorder. One indication that will help a clinician in making the diagnosis is that if she is depressed, she will show which behavioral tendencies?

Exaggerate the extent of her memory loss.

In solving everyday problems, older adults typically show which pattern of performance compared to younger adults?

Higher scores on problems of an interpersonal nature.

Researchers believe that the main reason for the relationship between social class and mortality appears to be due to which factor in lower class occupations?

Insufficient choice in determining pace and timing of work

The DSM-5 considers extreme grief past a 2-week period following the loss of a close relative or friend to fit the criteria for which disorder?

Major depressive disorder

Which demographic category in the U.S. now has the highest suicide rates?

Males age 45-54.

Even in the absence of a neurocognitive disorder, people at risk of which medical condition are more likely to experience significant memory loss?

Metabolic syndrome

Health professionals treating older adults with osteoarthritis are most likely to recommend which of the following approaches as a long-term strategy, particularly for individuals with mild symptoms?

Mild exercise

Al Nino is a man in his 70s who is receiving rehabilitation following his recent hip surgery. Luckily his physical therapist avoids elderspeak because she refers to him as:

Mr. Nino

Research has shown that the regular practice of _________ can help reduce an older person's risk of falling.

Tai Chi.

A middle-aged psychologist is concerned about his father's driving because he worries that his father seems to be showing slips in his executive functioning. This means that the father is having the most difficulty in which aspect of driving?

Planning which route to take to avoid getting lost.

The dying trajectory an individual experiences prior to death refers to which process?

Rate of biological decline

In Alzheimer's disease, neurofibrillary tangles cause what changes to occur within the brain?

Twisting of microtubules in the neurons.

The findings on executive function and lifestyle factors from Whitehall II showed that people whose abilities declined the most also tended to: Note: Text book section Research on adult intelligence p. 154. this question had a problem on the chapter quiz and it is fixed here.

abstain from alcohol altogether

Psychologists may fail to recognize the symptoms of major depressive disorder in an older adult because they mistakenly assume that:

aging is naturally accompanied by greater feelings of sadness.

Changes in the male sex hormone testosterone are referred to as:

andropause.

Loss of appetite and muscle mass in the period before a person dies is referred to as the:

anorexia-cachexia syndrome.

Because it focuses on the degree of independence an older adult is able to maintain, it is important to healthcare practitioners to measure instrumental activities of daily living. This measure includes which type of criteria?

awareness of time, place, and person.

The view that it is noble to die for a cause characterizes the ____________ death ethos

beautiful

A young woman is concerned about the mental health of her parents, who are heavily involved in the care of their aunt (her great-aunt) because they are the only family in the vicinity. The great-aunt has Parkinson's disease, which is now made her very incapacitated. The situation is referred to in the literature as:

caregiver burden

A psychological factor affecting the driving performance of older adults is:

changes in decision-time speed.

Older adults may be more alert in the morning, and younger adults in the evening, reflecting age differences in:

circadian rhythm.

A clinical psychology intern in a rural clinic is given the assignment by the psychiatrist of determining whether patients with Alzheimer's disease should be treated with Aricept (donepezil hydrochloride). In researching its side effects, she finds that it can cause:

dizziness, drowsiness, and fainting

Psychologists who work on integrative health care teams may be called in when patients make the choice not to have medical intervention when their heart or lungs shut down in what is called a(n):

do-not-resuscitate order.

An individual's rate of decline prior to death is referred to as the:

dying trajectory.

The text recommends that the best advice for an older adult trying to maintain his or her digestive functioning is to:

eat a diet that includes a relative balance among nutrients.

According to a survey on elder abuse in the U.S., which is the most frequent form of elder abuse committed by others to the older adult?

emotional

Students don't always like it when their professors ask them not to text or go on Facebook during class, saying it doesn't affect their comprehension of class material. However, based on the research it's fair to say that:

everyone performs more poorly after multitasking, though older adults are more affected than young adults.

Bilingual adults benefit because the task-switching required by monitoring two languages strengthens their:

executive functioning

The abilities to plan, use working memory, allocate mental resources to incoming tasks, and inhibit information are included in the cognitive skill known in psychology as:

executive functioning.

An 80-year-old woman is suffering from limited range of motion due to degenerative changes in her knees, shoulders, and wrists. If you were her physical therapist, you might suggest that she offset these changes by engaging primarily in:

flexibility training.

Psychologists diagnosing Alzheimer's disease look for which key symptom in its early stage?

forgetting names of good friends or family

Researchers have shown that when spoken to by the young with "elderspeak," older adults experience:

further cognitive declines

By interpreting the paralinguistic elements of speech, such as _________________, older adults can compensate for not hearing every word spoken to them in a conversation.

gestures

The behavioral risk factors for chronic diseases in later adulthood include tobacco smoking, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and:

harmful use of alcohol

Increases in cortisol with age are thought to have negative effects on which of the body's organs?

hippocampus

Which characteristic is most likely to be seen by health care workers in an older adult who later commits suicide?

history of previous suicide attempts

One of the key symptoms of Late Onset Stress Symptomology (LOSS) is the experience of:

increased memories about an earlier traumatic experience.

As shown in research on decision-making, one advantage that older problem-solvers seems to possess involves their greater ability to make the most out of:

information from prior experience.

The tendency to ramble may be especially likely to occur in the speech of older adults who experience "mental clutter," or an inability to:

inhibit irrelevant information

According to the __________hypothesis about the effects of aging on attention, older adults take longer to respond because they are unable to ignore distracting or interfering stimuli:

inhibitory deficit

Moving dying patients from the home to hospitals in mid-20th Century Western culture has led to the ethos of the _________ death.

invisible

A true Mediterranean diet would include relatively little of which type of food?

milk

The General Slowing Hypothesis proposes that older adults become slower primarily because of:

nervous system changes.

Scaffolding theory in the area of cognitive aging comes closest to which concept in the area of aging and the nervous system?

neuroplasticity

Researchers prefer using the _____________ death rate because it helps them understand differences in the health of populations, controlling for the numbers of people who die at different ages.

overall

Experts worry that future generations of older adults will experience more age-related hearing loss due to which preventable behavior?

overuse of earphones in portable listening devices.

Unlike hospitals or nursing homes, hospices provide only______________ for their patients.

palliative care

The majority of adults ages 60 and older in the U.S. reportedly take adult education courses because they seek:

personal interest

As of 2016 at least three states, Oregon, Washington, and California, permit

physician-assisted suicide.

Middle-aged and older adults wear bifocals to correct for which age-related change in the eyes?

presbyopia

An advantage of the MMSE for the assessment of an older individual is the fact that it is:

quick and easy to administer

One way you can communicate more effectively with older adults who suffer from hearing loss is to:

reduce interference from outside noise.

Although you may not realize it right now, the years of your late adolescence and early adulthood are likely to be best remembered by you in the future due to the phenomenon known as:

reminiscence bump

Making sense of the story of your life prior to death is a process known as:

terror managment

Research following parents after the death of a child shows that:

the effects can last for as long as 20 years.

You're the health care professional treating a 72-year-old woman who you determine suffers from arteriosclerosis. In explaining this condition to her, you inform her that this condition specifically is defined as involving:

thickening and hardening of the arteries.

The basal metabolic rate (BMR) is controlled by which set of hormones in the endocrine system?

thyroid

The highest scores for older adults, and lowest age-related declines, are shown on which primary mental ability?

word fluency