Get ready quiz + revision: week 1

In eukaryotic organisms, mitochondria, chloroplasts and nuclei are organelles that contain functional Select one: a. DNA. b. plasmids.

A. DNA

Plant cell walls are composed of cellulose microfibrils embedded in and connected to a matrix containing hemi-cellulosic polysaccharides, proteins and Select one: a. pectins. b. chitin. c. peptidogylcan.

A. Pectins

Which is an example of a virus or viral disease? Select one: a. HIV reverse transcriptase b. bacteriophage c. botulism

B. Bacteriophage

Plant cells often have one large membrane-bounded sac that is used for storing water and other substances. This organelle is called Select one: a. lysosome. b. chlorophyll. c. central vacuole.

C. Central vacuole

The interior of eukaryotic cells is occupied by membrane-bounded structures with specific functions. These are called Select one: a. cilia. b. chromosomes. c. organelles.

C. Organelles

A typical biological membrane (e.g. plasma membrane) contains all four types of lipids: triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids and waxes. Select one: True False

False

All DNA in cells is located in the nucleus. Select one: True False

False

Hexoses are sugars with 5 C atoms and are important building blocks of nucleic acids. Select one: True False

False

The three Domains of life are Select one: a. Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya b. Bacteria, Fungi and Eukarya c. Eukarya, Protista and Plantae

a. Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya

With regards to solute potential (Ψs) during osmosis, which of the following statements is NOT correct? Select one: a. Solutes increase the osmotic potential of water. b. Solutes dilute the water by increasing the volume of a solution without increasing water content. c. Solutes interact with water, reducing the ability of water molecules to diffuse freely.

a. Solutes increase the osmotic potential of water.

All cells have Select one: a. a plasma membrane. b. a nucleus. c. a cell wall. d. membrane-bounded organelles.

a. a plasma membrane.

The peptide bonds in a polypeptide Select one: a. are all identical in structure. b. are formed via hydrolysis. c. determine the structure and therefore the function of the polypeptide. d. differ from amino acid to amino acid

a. are all identical in structure.

Which of the following sub-cellular structures is required and present in all living cells? Select one: a. ribosome b. mitochondrion c. nucleus

a. ribosome

Biological membranes Select one: a. are permeable to most substances. b. are "fluid mosaic" structures allowing easy lateral movement. c. provide mechanical strength to prevent cells from bursting.

b. are "fluid mosaic" structures allowing easy lateral movement.

Plasmolysis occurs Select one: a. in cells placed in a hypotonic solution. b. in cells with a cell wall placed in a hypertonic solution. c. in cells with a cell wall placed into a hypotonic solution.

b. in cells with a cell wall placed in a hypertonic solution.

The endosymbiosis theory is supported by the finding of non-nuclear DNA in Select one: a. mitochondria and Golgi vesicles. b. mitochondria and chloroplasts. c. chloroplasts and vacuoles.

b. mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Generally, bacterial cells are approximately Select one: a. similar in size to eukaryotic cells. b. ten times smaller than eukaryotic cells. c. similar in size to viruses.

b. ten times smaller than eukaryotic cells.

Ribosomes are often associated with Select one: a. trans-Golgi network vesicles. b. the rough endoplasmic reticulum. c. the cis-face of the Golgi apparatus

b. the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Viruses Select one: a. typically infect very few organisms. b. utilise the host metabolism to reproduce. c. contain nucleic acids surrounded by a membrane.

b. utilise the host metabolism to reproduce.

The sub-cellular structure that is directly involved in the processing and transport of secreted proteins synthesised in the rough endoplasmic reticulum is called Select one: a. mitochondrion. b. ribosome. c. Golgi apparatus.

c. Golgi apparatus.

The overwhelming majority of biological molecules contain the elements Select one: a. carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, sulphur and nitrogen. b. carbon, hydrogen and sulphur. c. carbon, oxygen and hydrogen. d. hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.

c. carbon, oxygen and hydrogen.

In a turgid plant cell, the high internal pressure generated by osmosis is counteracted by the mechanical strength of its Select one: a. plasma membrane. b. cytoskeleton. c. cell wall.

c. cell wall

Glycogen, starch and cellulose Select one: a. are important components of plant cell walls. b. are important energy storage molecules. c. contain only glucose. d. are formed by the condensation of N-acetylglucosamine monomers.

c. contain only glucose.

One of the processes that probably gave rise to complex membrane-bounded structures in eukaryotes is Select one: a. recombination. b. exocytosis. c. endosymbiosis.

c. endosymbiosis

Ribosomes in bacterial and archaeal cells are Select one: a. made up of more components than ribosomes in eukaryotic cells. b. associated with internal membranes to form the rough ER. c. essential for protein biosynthesis.

c. essential for protein biosynthesis.

Archaea Select one: a. lack a nucleus but contain membrane-bounded organelles. b. contain a nucleus and contain membrane-bounded organelles. c. lack a nucleus and lack membrane-bounded organelles.

c. lack a nucleus and lack membrane-bounded organelles.

The Gram stain is used to classify bacteria based on differences in the Select one: a. cellulose content of their cell walls. b. Lipopolysaccharide content of their external membrane. c. peptidoglycan content of their cell walls.

c. peptidoglycan content of their cell walls.

Combining two monosaccharides in a chemical (or enzymatic) reaction Select one: a. generates a polysaccharide. b. requires the addition of water. c. Is highly uncommon in organisms. d. results in one disaccharide and and one molecule of water.

d. results in one disaccharide and and one molecule of water.

All living cells require and have Select one: a. mitochondria. b. a nucleus. c. a cell wall. d. ribosomes

d. ribosomes

Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) are made up of Select one: a. nitrogenous bases, phospholipids and amino acids. b. amino acids, sugars and phosphate groups. c. nitrogenous bases, sugars and phospholipids. d. sugars, phosphate groups and nitrogenous bases.

d. sugars, phosphate groups and nitrogenous bases.