GGY Exam 3 Chapter 10

If darker shades indicate higher values, this is likely a map of Darker: United States, Chile, Uraguay, most west Europe, Egypt, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, etc.

area of farmland per tractor.

Based on the von Thünen model, it is most likely that a farmer would _________.

put grazing animals in the most distant location from the market Grazing land composes the outermost circle.

Residents of developed countries rely on ________ as the leading source of protein.

meat

If you were born in Brazil, it is likely that _________.

you would receive at least 25 percent of your protein from meat Brazil is comparable to the United States, Canada, and Western Europe in the percentage of meat consumed

Farming varies around the world because of ________ across space.

cultural and environmental factors

If darker shades represent higher values, this is most likely a map of Darker: North America, Brazil, Russia, most Europe, northern Africa, Australia

dietary energy consumption

Which animal product is least efficient at converting feed consumed into the final product?

beef

Based on knowledge acquired previously in this course, this chart indicates that ppl employed in fishing vs year: developed - flat line near 0 developing, world - parallel, increasing

far more people in the developing world are employed in fishing both as a percentage of that population and overall.

Assume you are raising beef and that feed is costing you $1.00 per kilogram. Roughly how much money are you spending on feed for each kilogram of beef produced?

$12.00

which of the following are true of commercial agriculture compared to subsistence agriculture?

-low percentage of farmers in the labor force -heavy use of machinery -farm size -surplus production

Using the information included in the map above to guide you, which three of the following statements are probably true?

1) Lack of fresh water is a major impediment to agriculture in Southwest Asia and North Africa. 2) Most of the largest countries in Southwest Asia and North Africa have regions where little or no agriculture is possible. 3) The center part of Southwest Asia and North Africa, running horizontally, is the driest portion of the region. The center part of Southwest Asia and North Africa, running horizontally, is the driest portion of the region. This area contains the Sahara Desert and agricultural regions that are associated with very little moisture. Most of the region supports only pastoral nomadism. The few crops grown in the region depend on irrigation, rather than precipitation. This implies that the region is dry. Most of the largest countries in Southwest Asia and North Africa have regions where little or no agriculture is possible. Among the largest countries in the region, only Turkey has no area that fits this description. The dryness in the region is the major reason why agriculture is not practiced more widely. Lack of fresh water is a major impediment to agriculture in Southwest Asia and North Africa. Compare the areas with pastoral nomadism and little or no agriculture with the areas with oasis and irrigated agriculture. Note that the presence of oasis and irrigated agriculture corresponds with closeness to freshwater. Therefore, fresh water must be an important factor influencing the agriculture of this region.

Using the information included in the map below to guide you, which three of the following statements are probably true?

1) The portion of North Africa where the Sahara Desert is located is sparsely settled. 2) The Persian Gulf has a consistent pattern of settlement. 3)There are many cities and people living along the shoreline of the Mediterranean Sea. The portion of North Africa where the Sahara Desert is located is sparsely settled. In this area, the number of people per square mile is fewer than 6. There are many cities and people living along the shoreline of the Mediterranean Sea. Nearly a dozen cities shown on the map lie on the Mediterranean shore, and most of the shoreline indicates a population density of at least 101 people per square kilometer. The Persian Gulf has a consistent pattern of settlement. All along the Persian Gulf, the number of people per square kilometer is between 6 and 100 people per square kilometer. Nowhere along the Persian Gulf is the density fewer than 6 people per square kilometer.

what are some forms of subsistence agriculture?

1) intensive 2) shifting cultivation 3) pastoral nomadism

Roughly how many kilograms of pork do you expect to get for every 100 kilograms of feed consumed?

20

An important agricultural hearth is

All of these are important agricultural hearths. -south and central America. -sub-Saharan Africa. -northern China. -southeast Asia.

Shifting cultivation is being replaced by

All of these are replacing shifting cultivation. -cattle ranching. -logging. -cultivation of cash crops (commercial agriculture).

Which of the following has aided 20th century commercial farmers in MDCs?

All of these have aided commercial farmers. -transportation improvements -electronics -scientific advances

Where are most of the crops grown in Egypt?

Along the Nile River Most of the crops grown in Egypt are grown along the Nile River. The color green represents "oasis and irrigated agriculture." Both oases and irrigated agriculture are found along the Nile, as indicated by the green color that follows the path of the river.

Where do most of the people of Egypt live?

Along the Nile River Most people in Egypt live along the Nile River. As shown in the legend "People per square kilometer" (i.e., population density), the area where most people live is shown in dark red.

Which of the following statements about nutrition and hunger throughout the world is most accurate?

Between 1991 and 2006, South Asia had the largest increase in the number of undernourished people. India has the largest number of undernourished people in the world.

Developing countries are responsible for a small percentage of the world's milk production. T/F

False

Humans have only started to tap the potential food resource of the Earth's fish. T/F

False

The green revolution has allowed agricultural production to increase at a rate equal to population growth. T/F

False

In one part of Sudan, farmers can usually rely on rainfall to provide moisture for their crops. In which part of Sudan is this the case?

In the southern part Farmers in southern Sudan can usually rely on rainfall to provide moisture for their crops. This part of Sudan is colored orange, representing "dry farming (with some irritation)." "Dry farming" indicates a type of agriculture that relies on rainfall and other precipitation, rather than depending mostly on irrigation.

Which of the following statements about shifting cultivation is most accurate?

It is considered to be more environmentally sound than growing cash crops. If done properly, land used for shifting cultivation is left alone to replenish.

Which of the following statements about fish production is most accurate?

Many fish are now being caught faster than they can reproduce, resulting in overfishing. For example, the population of tuna and swordfish has declined by 90 percent in the past half century

Which is not a form of subsistence agriculture?

Mediterranean

While climate influences every agricultural practice, the form of agriculture most dependent on climate is

Mediterranean

Surprisingly, milk has a conversion efficiency greater than 100%. What is the best explanation for this?

Most of milk's mass comes from water consumption, not feed consumption.

What settlement pattern can you detect in Sudan?

Most of the people live in the southern part. Most people in Sudan live in the southern part. The northern part of Sudan is light yellow, indicating exceedingly sparse settlement there; the southern part shows consistently denser settlement.

Relying only on rainfall, you operate an orchard of apricot trees. Where do you live?

On the Mediterranean coast of Turkey

Goldilocks Principle

Population distribution is heavily influenced by natural factors: availability of water (but not too much), places to grow food, and moderate temperature, to name a few In Southwest Asia and North Africa, water is in short supply in large portions of the region.

You live in Western Sahara and are engaged in an agricultural activity. Based on your reading of the map, which of the following activities best describes your livelihood?

Raising camels Raising camels is the most likely agricultural activity that you would be engaged in. The dominant agricultural activity in Western Sahara is pastoral nomadism, which is raising livestock and moving them as needed to pastures where they can graze. Camels are commonly raised in this region.

Crops grown in the mixed crop and livestock region are used primarily to feed animals. T/F

True

Ranching is practiced in the dry lands of both more developed and less developed countries. T/F

True

Among the largest countries (based on land area) of Southwest Asia and North Africa, which has the most uniformly dispersed population?

Turkey Turkey has the most uniformly dispersed population among the largest countries in Southwest Asia and North Africa. Most of Turkey is colored in light orange to orange, and several big cities such as Istanbul are colored in red. This color pattern suggests a relatively uniform population dispersion pattern in Turkey.

________ model is used by geographers to explain the importance of proximity to the market in the choice of crops to the commercial farm

Von Thünen's

If you were engaged in subsistence agriculture, which of the following is most likely to be accurate?

You consume much of what you grow. Subsistence farmers by definition grow food primarily to feed their families.

In the United States many farms are integrated into a large food production industry. This is known as

agribusiness

Hunters and gatherers probably began practicing agriculture because of

a combination of environmental and cultural factors.

Despite its high resource usage, beef is a major commodity due to the high value per kilogram of the final product. Which of the following changes would cause a reduction in beef production?

all of the above 1) a precipitous fall in the price per kilogram of beef 2) an agricultural program that subsidized pork production so that the profit per kilogram of pork was comparable to that for beef 3) a dramatic rise in the cost of feed, land, and water to the beef producer

Food consumption varies around the world because of variations in

all of these are responsible for variation in food consumption. -cultural preferences. -physical conditions. -level of economic development.

important plantation crops

coffee, rubber, sugarcane, tobacco

The different areas of the world where Mediterranean agriculture predominates have similar

climate

Which type of commercial agriculture in developed countries is typically located close to urban areas?

dairy farming Dairy farms need to be close to markets because milk is highly perishable.

A comparison of fish consumption trends in the developed and developing world reveals that _______.

fish consumption per capita in the developing world has steadily increased since 1970 Fish consumption in developing countries parallels the global trend in fish consumption

Which of the following is least likely to contribute to a more sustainable agriculture?

genetically modified seeds These seeds typically do not promote sustainable agriculture because they are resistant to herbicides and insecticides and thus are designed to allow for the application of these chemicals.

This figure helps to explain that for the last half century most increase in food production has come from agricultural land vs year vs population: agricultural land - flat, slightly increasing population - increasing

increasing agricultural productivity.

Which of the following is not a commonly proposed strategy to address issues with food supply?

increasing employment in fishing

Which type of agriculture is practiced by the largest percentage of the world's people?

intensive subsistence

The largest proportion of farmers in Asia practice

intensive subsistence.

The primary factor in von Thünen's model for choosing commercial farm products is

market location

For a country with abundant land and water resources but limited financial resources, which animal product would most likely be favored by agricultural policy?

milk

All but which of the following are true of commercial agriculture compared to subsistence agriculture?

output consumed on the farm

If darker shades indicate higher values, this is likely a map of Darker: most Africa, not far south or far north, India, China, countries under

percent labor force engaged in agriculture.

If darker shades represent higher values, this is most likely a map of Darker: India, Algeria, Mali, Nigeria, Chad, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Madagascar, Yemen, Oman, Belarus, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Iran, some Indonesia, etc.

percent of income spent on food.

If darker shades represent higher values, this is most likely a map of Darker: Bolivia, most mid-Africa, Mongolia, Pakistan, etc.

percent undernourished.

For a country where chicken raising and eating is socially unacceptable and water resources are scarce, which animal product would most likely be favored by agricultural policy?

pork

Which of the following is not an important plantation crop?

rice

The three leading exported grains are _________.

rice, wheat, and corn These three account for a large percentage of world food exports.

The largest use of land near the Equator is

shifting cultivation

Undernourishment is most severe in

sub-Saharan Africa

In order to understand farming in the contemporary United States, it is important to know that _________.

the United States had more farmland in 2000 than in 1900 Irrigation and reclamation allowed the United States to expand the amount of land devoted to agriculture during this time.

The effect of the river in lengthening the agricultural zones in the diagram on the right is due to

the ease of transport by water to the market.

Large portions of Southwest Asia and North Africa are sparsely populated--most notably, the area where the Sahara Desert is located

the population is higher in places where water is available. The path of the Nile River is very clear because the population density along that path is among the highest in the region. Similarly, the rivers that begin in eastern Turkey and run through Iraq--namely, the Tigris and Euphrates rivers--and the land between them (Mesopotamia) have higher population densities. Most of the shorelines around the seas in the region are also zones of higher population densities. The western shore of the Red Sea is an exception, however. the ability to grow food is a key factor in human population distribution.

In contrast to practitioners of agriculture, hunters and gatherers

travel frequently

The most important distinction for dividing the world into agricultural regions is

whether the product is consumed on or off the farm