GH Learning - Nutrition

Which of the following indicators is commonly assessed for children 6-23 months of age?

All of the above: a.Minimum dietary diversity b. Minimum meal frequency c. Minimum acceptable diet

Poverty and socio-economic environment

Basic

The unit used to measure the energy value of food.

Calories

Puts women at a higher risk of giving birth to children with neural tube defects

Folic Acid deficiency

When all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life.

Food security

A term used to describe how far along a pregnancy is.

Gestational Age

When children do not grow well in utero, often a result of poor maternal nutrition.

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)

The most common micronutrient deficiency worldwide.

Iron deficiency

The development of human beings' cognitive, emotional, intellectual, and social capabilities and functioning over the course of the life span.

Psychosocial development

Interventions that address factors such as knowledge, attitudes, and social norms.

Social and behavior change

Systems that involve the transfer of food, cash, vouchers, or goods to vulnerable groups.

Social safety net

Reflects chronic undernutrition, too short for age

Stunting

Access to health and WASH services

Underlying

Which of the following are components of a healthy diet? (Choose all that apply.)

a. Consuming a variety of foods and drinks from different sources b. Eating plenty of fruits and vegetables d. Limiting intake of highly processed foods

Recommended breastfeeding practices include which of the following? (Select all that apply)

a. Early breastfeeding b. Continued breastfeeding d. Exclusive breastfeeding

What is the main reason that the first 1,000 days is a critical window for nutrition interventions?

b. It is when undernutrition can cause irreversible stunting in children

Worldwide, what percentage of children are still breastfed at 12 months of age?

c. 38%

In 2017, how many people worldwide were estimated to suffer from malnutrition?

1 in 3

What percentage of deaths among children are due to malnutrition?

45%

What does the term "malnutrition" describe?

All of the above: a. Undernutrition b. Overnutrition c. Obesity

Overweight

BMI-for-age

Because of increasing rates of overweight and obesity, undernutrition is no longer a major public health issue.

False

Most countries are on-track to meet the World Health Assembly 2025 goals.

False

The connection between WASH interventions and nutrition is straightforward and easily demonstrated.

False

Wasting only occurs in food-insecure environments.

False

The most critical time for positive impact on a child's development.

First 1,000 days

Stunting

Height-for-age

Nutrient intake

Immediate

Interventions that target the underlying causes affecting nutritional status.

Nutrition-sensitive

A person can be stunted and obese at the same time.

True

Globally, more women now suffer from overweight or obesity than from undernutrition.

True

Nutrition-sensitive interventions are those that address the underlying causes of malnutrition, such as food security, access to health services, and poverty.

True

Compromises the immune system and increases risk of child death from measles, diarrhea, and acute respiratory infections.

Vitamin A deficiency

Reflects acute undernutrition, too thin for height

Wasting

Underweight

Weight-for-age

Wasting

Weight-for-height

The underlying causes of malnutrition include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

a. Availability and access to food b. Household caring practices e. Availability, access and utilization of health services

What is the definition of "small for gestational age (SGA)"?

a. Infants who weigh significantly less than the average for their gestational age

How much is spent globally, on average, on nutrition?

b. 3.9 billion USD

How much additional spending does the "Investing in Nutrition" report estimate is needed in order to achieve global stunting targets in ten years?

b. An additional 7 billion USD per year

What are the three pathways through which agriculture influences nutrition?

b. Influencing women's time and energy, generating income, and the production and consumption of food

Fill in the blank: For every $1 invested in nutrition, an estimated ___ dollars is generated in economic growth and productivity?

d. $16

What is the estimate for how many children's lives would be saved over a decade if nutrition was fully funded?

d. 3.7 million

Nutrition-specific interventions include all of the following EXCEPT:

d. Increased agricultural production of nutritious foods

Supplementation with iron/folic acid tablets during pregnancy can reduce the risk of anemia among infants at birth by _________.

e. More than 70%

Which of the following is a challenge that remains for nutrition programming?

All of the above: a. Building more evidence on how nutrition-sensitive approaches like WASH, agriculture, and early childhood development can improve nutrition b. Reaching vulnerable or hard-to-reach groups, such as adolescents and the extreme poor, who are often the most affected by malnutrition c. Identifying interventions that reduce undernutrition while also preventing obesity d. Developing nutrition programs that are responsive to shocks and emergencies

Which of the following is a common cause of anemia?

All of the above: a. Micronutrient deficiencies (including iron and Vitamin A) b. Infection (such as malaria or hookworm) c. Inflammation d. Genetic blood disorders (such as sickle cell anemia)

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding adolescent nutrition?

All of the above: a. Pregnancy can cause competition between the development needs of the mother and the fetus b. Children of adolescent mothers are more prone to be born small-for-gestational age c. If an adolescent's nutritional needs are not met, they are at risk of delayed development and stunting

People living with HIV and AIDS are at greater risk of malnutrition due to which of the following?

All of the following: a. Reduced food intake due to appetite loss b. Poor absorption of nutrients due to diarrhea c. Changes in metabolism d. Chronic infections and illness

Which of the following is an action that contributes to the psychosocial development of a child?

All of the following: a. Talking b. Breastfeeding c. Playing

Widespread condition that results in goiter and/or reduced cognitive function

Iodine deficiency disorder (IDD)

Are changes in malnutrition prevalence measured at the individual or population level?

Population

Are iodine levels in salt tested at the individual or population level?

Population

Which of the following are consequences of poor nutrition for the individual? (Choose all that apply.)

a. Impairs fetal development c. Impedes physical and cognitive development

Which of the following action(s) can increase the nutrition benefits of social safety nets? (Select all that apply.)

a. Include measures to be able to rapidly scale up programs in times of crisis b. Include social and behavior change programming on nutrition and health d. Target activities to the most nutritionally vulnerable populations

During and after illness, children under the age of 2 require which of the following?

a. More food and fluid than normal

Which of the following is NOT an optimal breastfeeding practice?

a. Only providing breastmilk and water for the first six months of life

Which of the following are accurate statements about breastfeeding? (Select all that apply)

a. Optimal breastfeeding until the age of two could prevent the deaths of more than 800,000 children and 20,000 women per year b. Early breastfeeding can prevent postpartum bleeding in the mother

What is the goal of the Scaling up Nutrition movement?

a. To end malnutrition by 2030

Which of the following are examples of undernutrition? (Choose all that apply.)

a. Wasting b. Micronutrient deficiencies c. Underweight

Social and behavior change (SBC) programming is _____________.

c. A cross-cutting approach to increase the effectiveness of nutrition programming

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

c. In most countries, as GDP increases, overweight and obesity rates generally decrease

The "triple burden of malnutrition" refers to the combination of which of the following?

c. Micronutrient deficiency, undernutrition, and overweight/obesity