GI ATI Quiz

A nurse is assessing a client who was administered ondansetron IV 1 hr ago. Which of the following findings should the nurse recognize as an adverse effect of this drug? a. dizziness b. bradycardia c. tardive dyskinesia d. dyspepsia

a. dizziness Dizziness and lightheadedness are the most common adverse effects of ondasetron.

A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for methotrexate. The nurse should instruct the client to monitor for manifestations of which of the following conditions? a. gout b. constipation c. insomnia d. hirsutism

a. gout An adverse effect of methotrexate is hyperuricemia, which causes gout. The nurse should instruct the client to drink plenty of fluids to minimize this effect, and to report edema or pain in the joints.

A nurse should recognize that diphenoxylate/atropine should be used with caution for a client who has which of the following conditions? a. inflammatory bowel disease b. thrombophlebitis c. agranulocytosis d. immunization with a live virus vaccine within the last 6 weeks

a. inflammatory bowel disease Diphenoxylate is an opioid, which can cause the severe complication of toxic megacolon in clients who have inflammatory bowel disease. The nurse should have the client monitor the consistency and frequency of stools throughout therapy.

A nurse is planning care for a client who is receiving chemotherapy and has a new prescription for ondansetron. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take? a. infuse the drug 30 min prior to chemotherapy b. administer the drug when the client reports nausea c. infuse the drug slowly over 15 mins d. administer the drug immediately following chemotherapy e. repeat the dose 4 hours after chemotherapy

a. infuse the drug 30 mins prior to chemotherapy The nurse should administer IV ondansetron, a serotonin antagonist, 30 min prior to chemotherapy to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. When treating radiation-induced nausea and vomiting, the nurse should give the drug orally 1 to 2 hours prior to radiation therapy and again every 8 hours. c. infuse the drug slowly over 15 min The nurse should infuse ondansetron slowly over 15 min to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea. e. repeat the dose 4 hours after chemotherapy For maximum effectiveness, the nurse should administer ondansetron 4 hours after chemotherapy, and again 8 hours after chemotherapy. When treating anesthesia-induced nausea and vomiting, the nurse can give the drug 1 hour before anesthesia induction.

A nurse is caring for a male client who asks the nurse about taking alosetron for irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) lasting 3 months. Which of the following information should the nurse provide the client about alosetron? a. the drug is prescribed to female clients who have IBS-D lasting more than 6 months. b. the drug is prescribed to clients who have chronic diarrhea lasting more than 12 months. c. the drug is most beneficial for male clients who have inflammatory bowel disease. d. The drug is most beneficial in treating clients who have constipation---predominant IBS (IBS-C)

a. the drug is prescribed to female clients who have IBS-D lasting more than 6 months. Alosetron is approved only to be prescribed to females who have IBS-D lasting 6 months or longer that has not been controlled by conventional treatment.

A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for sulfasalazine. Which of the following statements should the nurse make? a. use sunscreen and protective clothing while taking sulfasalazine to prevent sunburn. b. the medication can stain your contact lenses green. c. the medication can color your urine brown. d. take an iron supplement when you take sulfasalazine to prevent anemia.

a. use sunscreen and protective clothing while taking sulfasalazine to prevent sunburn. Photosensitivity is a possible adverse effect of sulfasalazine that makes the skin sensitive to light. The nurse should instruct the client to wear sunscreen and protective clothing when outdoors to prevent burning.

A nurse is caring for a client who has peptic ulcer disease. The nurse should monitor the client's phosphorus levels when administering which of the following drugs? a. omeprazole b. aluminum hydroxide c. sucralfate d. famotidine

b. aluminum hydroxide Antacids that contain aluminum, such as aluminum hydroxide, can cause hypophosphatemia because of aluminum's ability to bind with phosphate and decrease its absorption. The nurse should monitor the client's phosphorus levels while administering this drug.

A nurse should recognize that sulfasalazine is contraindicated for clients who have which of the following conditions? a. pancreatitis b. aspirin sensitivity c. bronchitis d. GERD

b. aspirin sensitivity Any sensitivity to salicylates, sulfonamides, or trimethoprim is is a contraindication for the use of sulfasalazine, a 5-aminosalicylate. This is because intestinal bacteria metabolize the drug into 5-aminosalicylic acid, a salicylate. Aspirin is also a salicylate.

A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has a new prescription for famotidine. The nurse should recognize that which of the following drugs interacts with famotidine? a. phenobarbital sodium b. ketoconazole c. lisinopril d. hyrochlorothiazide

b. ketoconazole Famotidine reduces the absorption of ketoconazole.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for alosetron to treat irritable bowel syndrome. The nurse should instruct the client to report which of the following adverse effects of the drug? a. headache b. drowsiness c. abdominal pain d. sore throat

c. abdominal pain Alosetron, a serotonin 5-HT receptor antagonist, can cause ischemic colitis. The nurse should tell the client to report abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, or rectal bleeding, and to stop taking the drug if these manifestations occur.

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new prescription for loperamide. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? a. dissolve the powder thoroughly in 8 oz (237 mL) of water b. take with diphenhydramine to prevent extrapyramidal effects c. avoid activities that require alertness d. take 30 mins before activities that trigger nausea

c. avoid activities that require alertness Loperamide, an opioid agonist, can cause sedation and dizziness. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid taking it before activities that require alertness.

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new prescription for dimenhydrinate to prevent motion sickness. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? (select all that apply) a. sit upright for 30 min after taking the drug b. avoid antacids c. take the drug 30 to 60 mins before activities that trigger nausea d. avoid activities that require alertness e. increase fluid and fiber intake

c. take the drug 30 to 60 mins before activities that trigger nausea The nurse should instruct the client to take dimenhydrinate 30 to 60 min before activities that trigger nausea, and again before meals and at bedtime. d. avoid activities that require alertness Dimenhydrinate can cause sedation. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid activities that require alertness e. increase fluid and fiber intake Dimenhydrinate can cause anticholinergic effects, such as dry mouth and constipation. The nurse should instruct the client to increase activity level, and fluid and fiber intake.

Which of the following drugs has protocols that require clients to meet specific risk-management criteria and sign a treatment agreement before the nurse can administer the drug? a. luniprostone b. azathioprine c. sulfasalazine d. alosetron

d. alosetron Clients who take alosetron, a serotonin 5 HT receptor antagonist, can develop severe constipation that can leas to impaction, bowel obstruction, perforation, and potentially fatal ischemic colitis. Because of these risks, nurses must inform clients of the benefits and risks of the drug therapy, and clients must sign a treatment agreement.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for famotidine to treat GERD. The nurse should instruct the client to wait at least 1 hour between taking famotidine and which of the following over-the-counter drugs? a. ginkgo biloba b. antidiarrheals c. st. john's wort d. antacids

d. antacids Antacids can decrease the absorption of famotidine, a histamine-receptor antagonist. The nurse should instruct the client to wait at least 1 hour between taking famotidine and taking an antacid.

A nurse is teaching a client who recently had a myocardial infarction and has a new prescription for docusate sodium. The nurse should inform the client that docusate sodium has which of the following therapeutic effects? a. reduces inflammation b. reduces gastric acid c. prevents diarrhea d. prevents straining

d. prevents straining Docusate sodium, a stool softener, prevents straining during defecation and prevents the elevation in blood pressure that can result from straining. It also helps relieve constipation and reduces the painful elimination of hard stools.