GI Medications
AMINOSALICYLATES (IBD TX) **WARNINGS**
**ASSESS PATIENT FOR ALLERGIES TO SALICYLATES**
ACID REDUCING: HISTAMINE H2 ANTAGONISTS **WARNINGS**
**Administer WITH meals** OR **one dose at bedtime**
GI STIMULANTS **WARNINGS**
**Beware of extrapyramidal side effects** **Do not use if gi hemorrhage, obstruction, Parkinson's, hemophilia or pheochromocytoma**
ACID NEUTRALIZERS: ANTACIDS **WARNINGS**
**Do not give any other oral meds 1-2 hours before or after an antacid** **CAUTION IN DIALYSIS PATIENTS** **RAPID IV INFUSION MAY CAUSE CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS**
ANTIEMETICS **WARNINGS**
**children with viral illness may have increase risk of Reyes Syndrome**
ANTIDIARRHEALS **WARNINGS**
**discontinue use if diarrhea continues after 2 days of use and notify MD immediately**
ANTIFLATULENTS **WARNINGS**
**do not take 2 hrs before or 1 hr after other drugs, antiflatulents can absorb the other drugs**
LAXATIVES **WARNINGS**
**long term use can cause chronic constipation, short term may cause diarrhea AND prolonged use may result in electrolyte imbalance or a laxative dependence for BM**
ACID REDUCING: PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS **WARNINGS**
**prolonged use may cause decreased ability to absorb vitamin B12 resulting in pernicious anemia** **should be given PRIOR to meals**
ACID REDUCING: HISTAMINE H2 ANTAGONISTS
Used to block histamine action at H2 receptor site in stomach, reducing secretion of gastric acid. Common Uses: Prophylactic treatment of ulcers, acute upper GI bleed, heartburn, indigestion, GERD, gastric or duodenal ulcers. Common Drugs: **END IN -TIDINE** cimetidine (TAGAMET) famotidine (PEPCID) nizatidine (AXID) ranitidine (ZANTAC)
ANTIDIARRHEALS
Used to decrease intestinal peristalsis and motility Common Uses: treatment of diarrhea Common Drugs: bismuth (PEPTO-BISMOL) diphenoxylate with atropine (MOTOFEN) loperamide (IMODIUM, KAOPECTATE, MAALOX)
ANTIFLATULENTS
Used to help the body reduce gas in the GI tract, not absorb or remove the gases. Common Uses: to relieve painful symptoms of excess gas in the digestive tract caused by dyspepsia, post-op distention, ulcers, IBS, or diverticulosis. Common Drugs: charcoal (CHARCOCAPS, FLATULEX) simethicone (GAS-X, MYLICON, MAALOX, MYLANTA GAS)
GI STIMULANTS
Used to increase motility of the upper GI tract without increasing secretion production. Common Uses: GERD, reduce risk of paralytic ileus postop, gastric stasis, N/V in chemotherapy patients. Common Drugs: dexpanthenol (ILOPAN) metoclopramide (REGLAN)
EMETICS
Used to irritate the stomach by stimulating the vomitting center in the medulla. Common Uses: To induce vomitting and rapidly empty stomach contents when harmful substances are ingested. Common Drugs: Syrup of Ipecac
ACID NEUTRALIZERS: ANTACIDS
Used to neutralize or reduce acidity of stomach contents by combining with HCL and ^ pH of stomach acid. Common Uses: Heartburn, GERD, acid indigestion, peptic ulcers. Common Drugs: **END IN -CARBONATE OR -OXIDE** aluminum carbonate (BASALJEL) aluminum hydroxide (AMPHOJEL, DIALUME) calcium carbonate (TUMS, MYLANTA) magnesium hydroxide (MILK OF MAGNESIA, PHILLIPS MOM) magnesium oxide (MAG-OX, URO-MAG) sodium bicarbonate (BELLANS)
ANTIEMETICS
Used to prohibit stimulation of the CTZ nerve fibers that send impulses to the vomitting center in the medulla. Common Uses: treat N/V, during radiation therapy, before and after sugery to prevent N/V. Common Drugs: **ANTIDOPAMINERGICS** **END IN -AZINE** chlorpromazine (THRAZINE) perphenazine prochlorperazine (COMPAZINE) promethazine **5-HT3 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS** **END IN -SETRON** dolasetron (ANZEMET) ondansetron (ZOFRAN)
ACID REDUCING: PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS
Used to suppress gastric secretion by inhibiting the hydrogen/potassium ATPase enzyme system. Common uses: treatment of gastric ulcers, indigestion, and GERD. Common Drugs: **END IN -PRAZOLE** esomeprazole (NEXIUM) lansoprazole (PREVACID) omeprazole (PRILOSEC) pantoprazole (PROTONIX) raberprazole (ACIPHEX)
LAXATIVE: BULK-PRODUCING
Common Uses: IBS, watery diarrhea, constipation Common Drugs: methylcellulose (CITRUCEL, UNIFIBER) psyllium (METAMUCIL, GENIFIBER, FIBERALL) polycarbophil (FIBERCON, MITROLAN)
AMINOSALICYLATES (IBD TX)
Common Uses: anti-inflammatory effect in the bowel to treat Crohns disease, ulcerative colitis, or other Irritable Bowel Diseases. Common drugs: balsalazide (COLAZAL) mesalamine (ASACOL, PENTASA) olsalazine (DIPENTUM) sulfasalazine (AZULFIDINE)
LAXATIVE: BOWEL EVACUANTS
Common Uses: evacuate colon for endoscopy or to relieve constipation. Common Drugs: magnesium preparations (MOM, MAGNESIUM CITRATE, FLEET ENEMA) polyethylene glycol (MIRALAX) polyethylene glycol-electrolyte (GOLYTELY, NULYTELY)
LAXATIVE: STOOL SOFTENER & HYPEROSMOTICS & STIMULANT/IRRITANT
Common Uses: prevent straining from constipation during BM Common Drugs: **STOOL SOFTENER** docusate sodium (COLACE, EX-LAX, MODANE) **HYPEROSMOTICS** glycerin (COLACE SUPPOSITORY, FLEET, BABYLAX) lactulose (CEPHULAC, CONSTILAC) lubiprostone (AMITIZA) **STIMULANT/IRRITANTS** sennosides (SENOKOT, EX-LAX) bisacodyl (DULCOLAX, MODANE, CORRECTOL)
LAXATIVE: EMOLIENTS
Common Uses: relieve contipation and fecal impaction Common Drugs: mineral oil (MILKINOL, KONDREMUL)
