GIS

______ data describes the qualities and characteristics of particular phenomena. a. Attribute b. Private c. Public d. Continuous e. Generic

a. Attribute

In a high-quality map, the color ______ is used for representing earth and stone. a. Brown b. yellow c. Green d. Black e. Cyan

a. Brown

In the context of file formats, what is coverage? a. georelational file format developed by ESRI that supports multiple features types while also storing the topological information associated with those features. b. It is a raster image format that stores 24-bit values for each of the red, blue, and green color spaces. c. It is raster image format that stores 8-bit values for each red, blue, and green color spaces. d. It is a plaintext data file that specifies the locations and transformations of a feature dataset. e. It is a raster image format that stores 16-bit values for each of the red, blue, and green color spaces.

a. A georelational file format developed by ESRI that supports multiple features types while also storing the topological information associated with those features.

The Keyhole Markup Language is: a. An open-source hybrid file format developed for google earth. b. A hue-saturation-lightness color model. c. The greens and blues of the color spectrum associated with water, sky, ice and cooler temperatures. d. A US Geographical Digital Evolution Model that represents a simple bare-earth model of the globe. e. A visual representation of colors arranged according to their chromatic relationships.

a. An open-source hybrid file format developed for google earth.

Kerning is a typographic effect that alters the vertical distance between lines of text. a. True b. False

a. False

______ metadata is a special class of metadata that contains information about the geographical qualities of a data set. a. Geospatial b. Attribute c. Secondary d. Geological e. Primary

a. Geospatial

Which of the following best describes the dissolve operation? a. It is a geoprocessing technique that removes the boundary between adjacent polygons with identical values. b. It is a geoprocessing technique that combines adjacent polygon datasets into a single dataset without removing the boundary lines between appended layers. c. It is a spatial query that selects all features in the target layer that share a common locale with the source layer. d. It is a spatial query technique that requires the user to specify some distance value, which is then used to buffer the source layer. e. It is the process of taking two or more different thematic maps of the same area and placing them on top of one another to form a map.

a. It is a geoprocessing technique that removes the boundary between adjacent polygons with identical values.

What is temporal accuracy? a. It is the potential error related to the age or timeliness of a dataset. b. It is the probability of a feature being within +/- units of either its true location on earth or its location in relation to other mapped features. c. It is a typographic effect that alters the space between adjacent letters in a word. d. It is a typographic effect that alters the space between lines of text. e. It is the difference between information as recorded in an attribute table and the real-world features they represent.

a. It is the potential error related to the age or timeliness of a dataset.

A geography student, in his research on earthquakes, indicated Japan as his geographic area of interest. In the context of geographical concepts, Japan is the ______ of the research. a. Space b. Graticule c. Cognitive map d. Direction e. Mental map

a. Space

The ______ of a raster dataset represents a measure of the accuracy or detail of the displayed information. a. Spatial resolution b. Coverage c. Pixel Resolution d. Temporal Reolution e. Digital Line graphics

a. Spatial Resolution

Which of the following is a feature that should be taken care of while developing a map legend? a. The symbols representing mapped features should be to the left of the explanatory text. b. the legend should contain the largest type on the map and be limited to one line. c. The legend header should include non-legend-specific information. d. The legend should be placed directly above the map's title. e. A legend should never be placed outside of the map's frame line.

a. The symbols representing mapped features should be to the left of the explanatory text.

Why are geospatial metadata used? a. To document geographic digital resources. b. To integrate spatial data with attribute data. c. To manage the data in the DBMS of a GIS. d. To eliminate the need to collect primary data. e. To organize the database of existing geographic data.

a. To document geographic digital resources.

A geographic coordinate system is the three-dimensional coordinate system commonly used to define locations on the earth's surface. a. True b. False

a. True

A monochromatic color scale is an effective way to represent the order of data whereby light colors represent larger data values and dark colors represent smaller data values. a. True b. False

a. True

Attribute data are concerned with the nongeographic traits and characteristics of an object of interest. a. True b. False

a. True

Despite the location designations associated with each line, or strand of spaghetti, spatial relations are not explicitly encoded within the spaghetti model. a. True b. False

a. True

Graticule can be used in the mapped area to assist in clarifying orientation. a. True b. False

a. True

Information refers to the knowledge of value obtained through the collection, interpretation, and/or analysis of data. a. True b. False

a. True

JPEGs support lossy compression, while TIFFs can be either lossy or lossless. a. True b. False

a. True

Kerning increases the visibility and importance of the text to which it is applied. a. True b. False

a. True

Map design should allow complex spatial relationship to be understood at a glance. a. True b. False

a. True

Map projections that accurately represent distances are referred to as equidistant projections. a. True b. False

a. True

Mental maps reflect the amount and extent of geographic knowledge and spatial awareness that we possess. a. True b. False

a. True

Spatial data refers to data that describe geographic aspects of phenomena. a. True b. False

a. True

The diffusion of GIS and the emergence of the geoweb have increased geographic awareness. a. True b. False

a. True

Map projections refer to the methods and procedures used to transform the spherical two-dimensional earth into three-dimensional planar surfaces. a. True b. False

b. False

Native JPEG, TIFF, and PNG files have georeferenced information associated with them and therefore can be used in geospatial mapping efforts. a. True b. False

b. False

Proportional symbols present a vague understanding of the difference in magnitude with a dataset. a. True b. False

b. False

Setback buffers only buffer the area outside of the polygon boundary. a. True b. False

b. False

The -cell-by-cell raster encoding method encodes cell values in runs of similarly valued pixels and can result in a highly compressed image file. a. True b. False

b. False

The application approach to a GIS and the developer approach to a GIS are mutually exclusive. a. True b. False

b. False

The pixel resolution is determined by measuring all the sides of the square pixel. a. True b. False

b. False

The run-length raster encoding method is also known as 'exhaustive enumeration.' a. True b. False

b. False

The spaghetti data model is a form of raster data model. a. True b. False

b. False

In the context of colors in cartography, which of the following defines a shade. a. It refers to the intensity of a color b. It is the gray-toned color produced by adding black to the original hue. c. it refers to the amount of white in a color. d. It is the dominant wavelength or color associated with a reflecting object. e. It is the color produced by adding white to the original hue.

b. It is the gray-toned color produced by adding black to the original hue.

The ______ is a raster image format that stores 8-bit values for each of the red, blue, and green colors spaces. a. TIFF b. JPEG c. PNG d. PRJ e. DBF

b. JPEG

The ______ is a map element that notifies the viewer of the directionality of the map. a. Title b. Orientation c. Data source d. Legend e. Scale

b. Orientation

What is information? a. A modification of existing data. b. An inventory of existing, unorganized data. c. The knowledge and insights acquired through the analysis of data. d. The graphical representation of data. e. The collection of data files.

c. The knowledge and insights acquired through the analysis of data

In the context of cartography, which of the following defines a label? a. It is a typographic effect that alters the vertical distance between lines of text. b. It is a typographic effect that alters the space between adjacent letters in a word. c. It is a typeface in which each character has small strokes at the ends of lines that form it. d. It is a text on a map that describes and defines mapped features. e. It is a thin line that ties a callout to the symbol it describes.

d. It is a text on a map that describes and defines mapped features.

In the context of navigation, what is route knowledge? a. It permits us to identify the point at which the axis of the earth's rotation intersects the earth's surface. b. It permits us to identify graticules. c. It permits us to use ourselves as a directional benchmark. d. It permits us to connect and travel between landmarks by moving through space. e. It permits us to identify the point where the earth's magnetic fields converge

d. It permits us to connect and travel between landmarks by moving through space.

Which of the following is true of spatial data? a. Latitudinal coordinates of a point of interest are seldom considered spatial data. b. It describes the qualities of a phenomenon. c. Spatial data is also known as attribute data. d. Street addresses, postal codes, and political boundaries constitute spatial data. e. It describes the characteristics of an event that occurred distant in the past.

d. Street addresses, postal codes, and political boundaries constitute spatial data.

Which of these is a feature of a file geodatabase? a. It is tied to specific relational database management systems. b. It stores information as binary files with a size limit of 2 terabytes. c. It incorporates tools such as domains, subtypes, and split/merger policies. d. It can be employed on Windows, but not on UNIX platforms. e. It allows only multiple-user editing, but this rejection applies to only unique feature datasets within a geodatabase.

C. It incorporates tools such as domains, subtypes, and split/merger policies.

Which of the following is true of the clip overlay method? a. All the attributes from the preserved portion of the input layer are included in the output. b. It preserves only those areas outside the extent of an erase layer. c. It is used to extract features only from a line input layer that falls within the spatial extent of the clip layer. d. It divides an input layer into two or more layers based upon the clip layer. e. It is used to extract features only from a point input layer that falls within the spatial extent of the clip layer.

a. All the attributes from the preserved portion of the input layer are included in the output.

In the context of cartography, what is kerning? a. It is a typographic effect that alters the space between adjacent letters in a word. b. It is a thin line that ties a label to the symbol it describes. c. It is a text on a map that describes and defines mapped features. d. it is a typographic effect that alters the vertical distance between lines of text. e. It is a typeface in which each character has small strokes at the ends of the lines that form it.

a. It is a typographic effect that alters the space between adjacent letters in a word.

______ are 32-bit values and therefore can characterize numbers ranging from either -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647 or from 0 to 4,294,967,295. a. Larger integers b. Single precision floating-points c. Rational numbers d. Short integers e. Double precision floating-points

a. Large Integers

______ buffers only the area inside of the polygon boundaries. a. Setback b. Multiple ring c. Doughnut d. Slivering e. Kriging

a. Setback

What is -17.50 in degrees-minutes-seconds? a. 17* 50' North b. 17* 30' South c. 17* 05' West d. 13* 07' East e. 17* 005' East

b. 17* 30' South

A ______ represents a value with up to 11 bits to the left of the decimal point and values with up to 52 bits to the right of the decimal. a. Boolean b. Double precision floating-point c. Short integer d. single precision floating-point e. Large integer

b. Double precision floating-point

A file named image_file.xml is in the tagged image format. a. True b. False

b. False

A liquid crystal display (LCD) computer monitor is based upon vector technology. a. True b. False

b. False

A narrow gap formed when the shared boundary of two polygons do not meet exactly is known as a split. a. True b. False

b. False

A shapefile is capable of storing null values. a. True b. False

b. False

An integer is any data value that contains decimal points. a. True b. False

b. False

Graticule is a line that surrounds a single map element. a. True b. False

b. False

In the context of vector file formats, a coverage file can be edited in ArcGIS 9.x. a. True b. False

b. False

In the split overlay method, the split layer must be a line. a. True b. False

b. False

In the vector data model, space is quantized into discrete grid cells. a. True b. False

b. False

Information situated within analytical frameworks is known as data. a. True b. False

b. False

When using decimal degrees, latitudes above the equator and longitudes east of the prime meridian are negative, and latitudes below the equator and west of the prime meridian are positive. a. True b. False

b. False

A text file that contains data structured in some fashion is called a ______. a. Zipped archive b. Flat file c. Private data file d. Portable file e. Compressed archive

b. Flat file

Any operation used to manipulate spatial data is called ______. a. CMYK b. Geoprocessing c. Kerning d. Slivering e. Kriging

b. Geoprocessing

What is an alphanumeric string? a. It is the region of constant width around points, lines, or polygons. b. It is a data type made up of any single combination of letters and numbers that may or may not form coherent words. c. It is a series of grid lines representing latitude and longitude. d. It is a buffer around a polygon feature that does not include the area inside of the buffered polygon. e. It is a method to reduce the file size of an image by exploiting limitations of the human eye through removal of information from that which cannot be sensed.

b. It is a data type made up of any single combination of letters and numbers that may or may not form coherent words.

In the context of a point, which of the following defines a node? a. It is an overshoot at the end of a line. b. It is an intersection point where two or more arcs meet. c. it is a narrow gap formed when the shared boundary of two polygons do not meet exactly. d. It is a conceptual expanse that is filled with geographical phenomena. e. It is an undershoot at the end of a line.

b. It is an intersection point where to or more arcs meet.

Which of the following extensions is used to denote a compressed image file? a. .tif b. .pdf c. .jpg d. .zip e. .xml

c. .jpg

The ______ approachto a GIS is more concerned with using and applying geographic information systems to solve problems than the GIS itself. a. System b. Generic c. Application d. Developer e. Pioneer

c. Application

The world file extension name for a JPEG is ______. a. TFW b. TFW c. JPW d. PRJ e. PNG

c. JPW

In the geographic coordinate system, ______ are positive. a. Latitudes west of the prime meridian. b. Longitudes west of the prime meridian. c. Longitudes east of the prime meridian. d. Latitudes below the equator. e. Latitudes above the equator.

c. Longitudes east of the prime meridian

The vast majority of available raster GIS data are built on the ______ pixel. a. Hexagon b. Quadrangle c. Square d. Octagon e. Triangle

c. Square

Which of the following files is the Adobe portable document format? a. Sun.html b. Sun.xml c. Sun.pdf d. Sun.doc e. Sun.tif

c. Sun.pdf

Which of the following is a zero-dimensional object? a. An arc b. A polygon c. A line d. A point e. An area

d. A point

An angle represented in a map between locations is known as a ______. a. Map legend b. Primary key c. Foreign key d. Bearing e. Graticule

d. Bearing

A grouping of multiple files to collect, organize, and analyze data is called a ______. a. Compressed archive b. Compilation c. Program d. Database e. Portable document

d. Database

In a flat file, rows are reserved for ______. a. Attributes b. Fields c. Variables d. Records e. Delimiters

d. Records

______ is the process of creating an output polygon layer containing a zone of a specified width around an input point, line, or polygon feature. a. Kriging b. Overlay c. Kerning d. Slivering e. Buffering

e. Buffering

The file finaldoc.zip is in the ______ format. a. Simple Text b. Extensible markup language c. Hypertext markup d. Tagged image e. compressed archive

e. Compressed archive

A(n) ______ specifies exactly the the orientations and origins of the lines of latitude and longitude relative to the earth's center. a. Zenithal b. Rhumb line c. Secant d. Azimuthal projection e. Datum

e. Datum

Describing something as 'to my left' is an example of a(n) ______. a. Landmark direction b. Geographic change c. Derivative action d. Geographic interaction e. Egocentric direction

e. Egocentric direction

In the context of colors in cartography, which of the following defines the hue? a. It refers to the amount of white or black in the color. b. It refers to the colors produced by adding white to a color. c. It refers to the intensity of the color. d. it is the gray-toned colors produced by adding black to a color. e. It is the dominant wavelength or color associated with a reflecting object.

e. It is the dominant wavelength or color associated with a reflecting object.

In the context of geographical concepts, what is direction? a. It is a type of empty space that is independent from any type of coordinate system. b. It is a scalar quantity that seldom moves from one location to the other location. c. It is the conceptual expanse or void that is filled with geographic phenomena. d. It is a simple physical quantity that seldom changes with the coordinate system rotations or translations. e. It is the position of a feature of phenomenon on the surface of the earth relative to something else.

e. It is the position of a feature of phenomenon on the surface of the earth relative to something else.

Data that can be shared and distributed freely is known as ______ data. a. Propriety b. Private c. Meta d. Attribute e. Public

e. Public