Glasgow Exploring the Cosmos 1X

Pataasin ang iyong marka sa homework at exams ngayon gamit ang Quizwiz!

Ceres was initially thought to be

a missing planet between mars and jupiter

Telescopes differentiate the Milky Way into

about 2 x 10^11 stars

Stonehenge was created to

align with the sunrise on the summer solstice

The sun contributes

all energy found on earth except for nuclear fission (splitting of large atoms)

Meteors are

asteroids or comet debris that passes into Earth's atmosphere and burns up

The sun is a

ball of fluid that moves and has spots

The Kuiper belt is located

beyond Neptune and Pluto

Planets are

bright enough to be seen in dawn/dusk esp.

Prefix "centi"

c 10^-2

Stars that dont set are called

circumpolar stars

The primary purpose of a telescope is

collecting and focusing light

Stars can have varying

colors and brightness

Stars are grouped into ________ that are ________

constellations, unchanging over thousands of years, and are typically named in Greek

Solar particles that are part of the Aurorae are

deflected to the poles by the earths magnetic field

The Milky Way appears to the naked eye as a

diffuse band of light

The celestial sphere ___________ over time

doesnt change

Artificial satellites

drift across the sky, reflecting sunlight (brightness varies based on rotation)

Separate tails are formed of ____________, becoming visible through different phenomena; the dust reflects ________ directly and the gases glow from ___________.

dust and gases, sunlight, ionizations

The Milky Way Galaxy is

easy to see in low light polution

The stars are

extremely far away and hard to see even with a telescope

How to find the north star

find "plough", the two end stars are the pointers and the north star is 5x the distance between them further above them

In 2015, the first ____________ were observed, now there are _____________

first gravitational waves, two gravitational wave observatories

In 1957, the first __________ were launched, allowing for ________________.

first satellites, better imaging of the planets (beyond the atmosphere)

Mercury and Venus are hard to see due to

how close to the sun they are

In 1990, the ____________ was launched and gave _____________.

hubble telescope, clear pictures of the universe

As a comet approaches the sun,

it becomes brighter and develops a tail that points away from the sun

Prefix "kilo"

k 10^3

Prefix "milli"

m 10^-3

Steller parallax wasnt detected until the

mid 19th century

With a terrestrial baseline, parallax only works for the _______ because ___________

moon, all other celestial objects are too far away and the parallax is too small

Prefix "nano"

n 10^-9

The north pole is directly under the

north celestial pole

Millions of asteroids

orbit the sun between Mars and Jupiter in the Asteroid Belt

Comets come from

outside our solar system

The celestial sphere has to be very distant because of

parallax shift

Neptune was predicted to exist based upon

perturbations in the orbit of Uranus.

The moon is earth's only natural

satellite

Understanding the universe is a matter of

scale

Meteors can be seen every night, but can also have

showers

1 AU is

1.5 x 10^11 meters

The nearest star shows a parallax shift of only _________ the width of the full moon

1/2000

Width of the fist (excluding thumb) at arms length is _______ degrees

10

Milky Way Galaxy diameter

100,000 light years

Earth's diameter

15k km

The sun's time distance

16 minutes

Telescopes were invented in

1609 by lens makers

Uranus was recognized as a new planet in

1781

Width of a spread hand at arms length is _________ degrees

18

Neptune was predicted and observed in

1846

Pluto was found in

1930

1 degree angle in the sky is

60 arc minutes

1 arc minute is

60 arc seconds

Halleys Comet happens every

76 years

The night sky has ________ constellations

88

Zodiacal Light is

A faint cone of light that can sometimes be seen above the horizon after sunset or before sunrise.

The celestial sphere

An imaginary sphere surrounding Earth to which the stars are attached

Nebulae

Anything we see other than stars outside the galaxy

The inferior planets are

Mercury and Venus

The inner solar system is

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars

Most comets are seen _____ with the exception of ________.

Once, Halleys Comet

There are 4-5 big asteroids, some bigger than

Pluto

Aurorae occur in the Earth's upper atmosphere at both ________

Poles

Types of Nebulae

Stellar remnants (e.g. crab nebula), hot gas clouds (e.g. orion nebula), and external galaxies (e.g. andromeda nebula)

Modern telescopes can measure angles to the accuracy of

0.001"

The naked eye can discriminate _______ arc minutes

1

Width of thumb at arms length is _______ degrees

1

Arc second notation

1"

Arc minute notation

1'

The first asteroid discovered was

Ceres

Longitude

Distance east or west of the prime meridian (perpendicular to equator)

Latitude

Distance north or south of the equator (parallel to equator)

What happened during the Astronomical Revolution

Galileo challenged 2,000 years of understanding

Prefix "mega"

M 10^6

There is an asteroid belt between

Mars and Jupiter

The superior planets are

Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn

steller parallax

Maximum baseline is 3 x 10^8 km

What can you see in the sky with the naked eye? (12)

Sun, moon, planets, stars, milky way, nebulae, asteroids, satellites, comets, meteors, aurorae, zodiacal light

What are the 4 main things Galileo discovered?

The moon isnt a perfect sphere, it has hills and valleys just like earth does The milky way is made up of a myriad of stars which are too faint to be seen unaided Jupiter has 4 moons (now known as the galilean moons) The sun has sunspots

North Star (Polaris)

This star does not appear to move in the sky, but remains in the same position each night while constellations appear to rotate around it

Discovery of new planets in outer solar system

Uranus, Neptune, Pluto

Planets ranked in order of brightness in sky

Venus, Jupiter, Mars, Saturn, Mercury

As a comet approaches the inner Solar System,

solar radiation causes the volatile materials within the comet to vaporize and stream out of the nucleus, carrying dust away with them.

The south pole is directly under the

south celestial pole

How can you differentiate a planet vs. a star?

stars twinkle, planets don't. Planets also change position every night

Comets appear _________ whereas meteors are ___________

stationary, shooting stars

Zodiacal light is caused by

sunlight reflecting off small particles of material in the plane of the Solar System.

The observers meridian is

the arc from the N pole to the S pole directly over the observers head

Aurorae have a glow created by

the collision of particles in the upper atmosphere colliding with charged particles from outer space

Isaac Newton (1642-1727) put

the concept of gravity into a formula and predicted that with enough velocity, objects could be put into orbit (escaping gravity)

A light year is

the distance light (photons) travels in one year

An Astronomical Unit (AU) is

the distance of earth to the sun

The discovery of jupiters moons challenged the concept that

the earth was the center of the universe, since Jupiter clearly has its own orbit

The moon being not sphere and the sun having spots challenged the concept that

the heavens are perfect and earth is corrupt

The further east stars rise,

the higher in the sky they get

Diurnal motion is _________ and is due to __________

the movement of all astronomical bodies across the sky (e.g. the sun rising in the east and setting in the west), earths rotation

The Oort Cloud is thought to be:

the spherical cloud of comets, dust and some larger icy bodies surrounding the outer solar system.

How to measure parallax shift within solar system

through radar method, measured as a time interval between transmission of a radar pulse and reception of an echo

When stars reach the highest point in the visible night sky (directly overhead) they begin

transit

Parallax shift

when near stars appear to shift their position relative to the farthest stars as the Earth revolves around the sun.

Prefix "micro"

~m~ 10^-6


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