Global Geography Book Questions exam 1, geog 100
world- sysytems theory
wallerstein's theory that greater wealth is generated for countries that use core processes, including relatively more advanced technology and higher levels of education in producing goods
mental map (cognitive map)
(Also known as cognitive map) maps of an area made from memory and experiance by individuals or groups
Which of the following is not a component of vulnerability discussed in the chapter
A phenomon that affects all segments of society equality
Which of the following is not believed to be a known or potential impact of global warming
A thinning of the stratospheric ozone layer
89. The greenhouse effect keeps the earth at a livable temperature. About how many degrees Fahrenheit (33 degrees Celsius) cooler would earth be without the greenhouse effect? a) 30 b) 40 c) 50 d) 60
A) 30
3. The terraced rice fields of Ifugao Province in the Philippines is an example of: a) cultural landscape. b) manifest destiny. c) environmentalism. d) human behavior.
A) Cultural landscape
43. Identify the correct trade flow in the triangular trading system amongst Europe → Africa → the Americas → Europe, which ultimately helped establish the foundations of the capitalized world economy. a) manufactured goods, slaves, commodities (cotton, tobacco, rice, etc.) b) slaves, manufactured goods, commodities (cotton, tobacco, rice, etc.) c) commodities (cotton, tobacco, rice, etc.), manufactured goods, slaves d) commodities (cotton, tobacco, rice, etc.), slaves, manufactured goods
A) Manufactured goods, slaves, commodities (cotton, tabacco, rice etc)
13. Multiple regions exist within a large area such as Africa (West Africa, East Africa, etc.). This is an example of the importance of _____________ in the study of regions. a) scale b) definition c) regionalization d) geographic construct
A) Scale
5. What do abstract connections and constructs of time, distance, and relations refer to? a) space b) landscape or territory c) geographic concepts of place d) land-use
A) Space
19. The world climate regions as classified and defined by _______________ and modified by Alan Arbogast may be used to denote regions. a) WladimirKoppen b) Michael Kukral c) Hubert G. Wilhelm d) Stanley Brunn
A) WladimirKoppen
87. The influence of human behavior on earth since the Industrial Revolution in the late 1700s is so significant that it constitutes a new geological era called the: a) anthropocene. b) holocene. c) pleistocene. d) eocene.
A) anthropocene ("anthropo meaning human""cene meaning new")
76. What is the cheapest method to transport heavy goods and materials? a) by sea b) by rail c) by air d) by truck
A) by sea
33. _________ is the subdiscipline of geography concerned with the construction of maps. a) Cartography b) Satellite image reduction c) GIS d) Earth projection
A) cartography
105. One way geographers have thought about scale is by using ________ circles to represent the finest resolution of scale, from the individual at the center out to the global scale. a) convex b) concentric (like a bulls-eye) c) colored d) concave
A) convex
72. Transportation networks may be intentionally designed to: a) enhance connectivity for some communities while marginalizing others. b) increase environmental impacts. c) limit connectivity. d) benefit automotive manufacturing.
A) enhance connectivity for some communities while marginalizing others
28. The map of world religions demonstrates the role of ______________ diffusion of ideas. a) expansion b) leap-frog c) economic d) behavioral
A) expansion
20. A climate region of the world is a ________________ region. a) formal b) functional c) small-scale d) large-scale
A) formal
82. In general, Americans change their behavior by increasing their use of public transportation and purchasing more fuel-efficient vehicles: a) in response to a significant increase in gasoline prices. b) as soon as more efficient options are available. c) during war time. d) when forced to by stricter environmental regulations.
A) in response to a significant increase in gasoline prices
102. The divide between the Global North (developed countries) and the Global South (developing countries) is a _______________ categorization between wealthy and poorer countries. a) latitudinal b) socioeconomic c) political d) both socioeconomic and political
A) latitudinal
11. Understanding the context behind the transmission of AIDS in Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America is using a _____________approach. a) regional b) conceptual c) factual d) spatial
A) regional
14. The study of oxisols in the tropics is an example of research and understanding in: a) regional geography. b) tropical environments. c) Africa and South America. d) human geography.
A) regional geography
44. In early history (dating back to the Greeks and Romans), the primary purpose or reason for colonialism was: a) religious expansion. b) need for resources and tribute. c) exploration. d) decreasing populations.
A) religiouse expansion
38. Collecting data for research or mapping by using instruments that are far from the area of study is called: a) remote sensing. b) distance accumulation. c) GIS. d) air-photo interpretation.
A) remote sensing
26. What is the degree of contact between people and places? a) spatial interaction b) time-distance decay c) spatial-temporal connectivity d) distance interaction
A) spatial interaction
53. Modern colonialism began in fifteenth-century Europe. It was different from the Roman or any other preceding empire because the focus in this modern era was specifically on gaining: a) territory b) wealth c) shipping facilities (ports and docks) d) power
A) territory
17. We often perceive regions to exist even though we have never been to them. A strong example of regional perception in the United States is: a) the South b) Rocky Mountains c) Alaska d) Upstate New York
A) the south
57. To "maintain international peace and security," "to develop friendly relations among nations," to "achieve international cooperation" in order to solve economic and social problems, and to "be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations in the attainment of these common ends," was the mission statement for this organization following World War II. a) the United Nations (UN) b) the North American Treaty Alliance c) the League of Nations (LN) d) the Warsaw Pact
A) the united nations (UN)
79. Which of the following describes the process that accelerates the experience of time and reduces the significance of distance in information technology networks? a) time-space compression b) distance decay c) distance depression d) distance compression
A) time- space compression
23. A name of a place, or place-name, is referred to as a: a) toponym. b) geogram. c) location. d) regional identifier.
A) toponym
145. The vast majority of development aid tends to favor the most powerful members of a community (namely, men, the wealthy, and other dominant groups) who are better at articulating their wants and capturing new resources. a) True b) False
A) true
150. The vast majority of foreign aid provided by countries tends to go to the countries most in need of assistance. a) True b) False
A) true
151. T-Shirt Travels demonstrates how a simple act of kindness, donating your old T-shirts to the Salvation Army or Goodwill, has resulted in undermining the textile industry in Zambia and other African countries where imported secondhand clothing is more popular than locally made clothing. a) True b) False
A) true
152. Through examining mental maps, geographers gain a sense of how people understand their locality and how a particular place functions in the larger context. a) True b) False
A) true
32. Some countries in the textbook appear in more than one region. a) true b) false
A) true
34. Fieldwork and field studies are still critical to research by geographers in the 21st century. a) true b) false
A) true
37. All maps are distorted in area size or direction or both. They are all inaccurate. a) true b) false
A) true
94. The Opium War (1839-1842) between Great Britain and China originated when the Chinese banned opium sales in China due to public health concerns. However, Britain's main concern was the huge trade deficit it was running with China. a) True b) False
A) true
96. By informal agreement, the president of the World Bank is always a European and the president of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) is always an American. a) True b) False
A) true
97. If a country is importing far more than it is exporting, it may have an economic shortage of cash. a) True b) False
A) true
98. In the United States, the value of the dollar is no longer tied to the value of gold. a) True b) False
A) true
68. The relative importance of cities over smaller towns and rural areas is referred to as: a) urban hierarchies. b) urban heat islands. c) rural to urban migration. d) urbanization.
A) urban hierarchies
24. The perception of place refers to a way people construct their ideas about: a) what a place is like. b) pros and cons of location. c) attitudes concerning location. d) a sense of space.
A) what a place is like
Which of the following cities likely has the worst situation?
Aberdeen & South Dakota (in the current period)
101. Following World War II, many formerly colonized countries became independent states. Where was the greatest concentration of these countries? a) The Americas b) Africa and Asia c) Europe and Russia d) South America and Australia
B) africa and asia
54. During the Age of Exploration, stretching from the 1400s to the 1900s, which of the following regions was the focal point for global trade and exchange of culture? a) Pacific b) Atlantic c) Asian d) African
B) atlantic
107. Most developed countries are located in the Northern Hemisphere. Which of the following are notable exceptions? a) South Africa and Kenya b) Australia and New Zealand c) South Africa and Somalia d) Australia and New Guinea
B) australia and new zealand
61. As a result of environmental scrutiny from nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), what does the World Bank require for World Bank-sponsored projects? a) nondiscriminatory hiring practices for workers b) environmental impact statements c) a contract with local worker's unions d) higher minimum wages and equal opportunities for female workers
B) enviornmental impact statements
47. There were two waves of colonialism between 1500 and 1975. Which of the following is not true of the second wave (1825-1975)? a) Europeans colonized Asia. b) Europeans colonized Africa. c) Colonization fueled the capitalist world economy. d) Economies were focused on tourism.
B) europeans colonized africa
77. Landlocked countries face particular exporting problems because both time and money are required to cross country borders, making transportation: a) efficient. b) expensive. c) sustainable. d) fast.
B) expensive
146. Today, geographers no longer espouse environmental determinism, seeing it as a vast oversimplification of the world. a) True b) False
B) false
147. Social, political, or intellectual context often has no bearing on the theories and ideas that are popular at a certain time. a) True b) False
B) false
148. Unequal exchange occurs when laborers in one country produce a good receiving low wages and then the good is processed through a commodity chain incorporating shipping and marketing and is sold at a relatively high value. a) True b) False
B) false
149. After hundreds of billions of dollars given in international development aid over the last 20 years, academics, donors, and donor countries are questioning the value of international development assistance. a) True b) False
B) false
25. There is basically one way to correctly regionalize the world in geography textbooks. a) true b) false
B) false
91. The strong globalization viewpoint holds that developing countries are now persuaded by the lure of global capital to open their economies to investment by foreign corporations. a) True b) False
B) false
92. Italy produced more Catholic missionaries during the second half of the nineteenth century than any other country in the world. a) True b) False
B) false
93. International financial institutions (IFIs), including the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), have not succeeded in opening up national economies to global markets. a) True b) False
B) false
95. The World Bank was initially created to provide loans for reconstruction and development following World War II. a) True b) False
B) false
88. Several components in the atmosphere are responsible for the greenhouse effect, including water vapor, methane, ozone, nitrous oxides, carbon dioxide, and other trace gases. Collectively, these are known as: a) GoldiLocls syndrome. b) greenhouse gases. c) climate change. d) outgassing.
B) greenhouse gases
108. The __________ per capita is the most widely accepted way of measuring wealth by countries in the world today because the statistic tries to account for the flow of wealth in our globalized world. a) gross domestic product (GDP) b) gross national income (GNI) c) rate of inflation d) cost of living
B) gross national product (GDP)
66. The origin or place that a new good or service is initially produced is referred to as the: a) epicenter. b) hearth. c) hegemon. d) select location.
B) hearth
62. Which of the following is a term often used by geographers to describe the dominance of one state on the global stage? a) first world b) hegemon c) Pokémon d) imperialist state
B) hegemon
70. Which of the following describes a type of transportation network where a few large, central nodes are connected to smaller points? a) regional network b) hub-and-spoke system c) linear network d) nodal network
B) hub- and- spoke system
50. What fueled the second wave of colonization in the second half of the nineteenth century? a) exploration b) industrialization c) agriculture d) the slave trade
B) industrialization
39. Interpreting the impact of tectonic activity on the landforms of East Africa would probably be the work of a ______________ geographer. a) regional b) physical c) human d) cultural
B) physical
2. The uniqueness of a location and its shaping refers to: a) territory. b) place. c) environment. d) culture.
B) place
83. Local factors have a significant influence on a place; two geographic terms that describe these local factors are: a) location and proximity. b) site and situation. c) locale and place. d) location and destination.
B) site and situation
60. What is the practical result of the UN Security Council being dominated by only five countries (the United States, France, the United Kingdom, China, and Russia) with permanent seats and veto power? a) The other countries on the Security Council can get a majority and make decisions that favor smaller countries. b) The Security Council's decisions are some of the most politicized. c) Peacekeeping missions are never authorized. d) There is constant pressure for the five countries to step down and let other countries have a turn to get veto power.
B) the security council's decisions are some of the most polotocozed
74. Which of the following is the most remote place in the world (in terms of the number of people who live far from a city of 50,000 or more)? a) The Pacific Islands b) The Tibetan Plateau c) Antarctica d) The Siberian Plateau
B) the tibetan plateau
10. Understanding World Regional Geography is designed to highlight 24: a) regions. b) threshold concepts. c) human regions. d) geographic definitions.
B) threshold concepts
The Atlantic World is all of the following except:
Began with the start of regular transatlantic aircraft flights
71. According to a 2008 European Commission study, what percentage of the world's population is more than two days travel time from a city of 50,000 people or more? a) 2 percent b) 5 percent c) 10 percent d) 20 percent
C) 10 percent
85. In 2014, scientists estimated that what percentage of the air pollution in Los Angeles, California, actually originated in China? a) 5 to 10 percent b) 10 to 30 percent c) 12 to 24 percent d) 30 to 35 percent
C) 12 to 24 percent
4. The physical context of the earth refers to: a) landscape. b) space. c) environment. d) place.
C) Enviornment
16. What does MAUP stand for? a) meaningful and useful places b) major associations united politically c) modifiable areal unit problem d) meaning, association, and understanding of places
C) Modifiabl areal unit problem (MAUP)
59. What was the reasoning behind the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs to promote free trade? a) There was a belief that trade restrictions had led to the Great Depression. b) The World Bank only protected the interests of developing countries. c) Bretton Woods had been ineffective in promoting free trade. d) The World Trade Organization was interested in expanding its authority.
C) bretton woods had been ineffective in promoting free trade
42. Which of the following describes the process of heightening interactions, increasing interdependence, and deepening relations across country boundaries? a) internationalism b) international trade c) global trade d) globalization
C) global trade
104. What tool assesses life expectancy, literacy, years of schooling, and per capita GDP? a) Human Development Index (HDI) b) Lorenz curve c) Gross National Index (GNI) d) none of the above
C) gross national index (GNI)
27. We can see places that were tied together and places that were not, by studying: a) physical landscape b) physical geography c) historical spatial interaction d) diffusion models
C) historical spatial interaction
12. Research in new regional geography sees regions as: a) natural locations. b) defining characteristics of place. c) human constructs. d) basic world units for study.
C) human constructs
48. Colonizers focused on gaining lands to establish large-scale agricultural production in the Americas and to establish trading posts for the Atlantic slave trade in Africa and ports for the spice trade in Asia. What best describes this trading system? a) It was isolated. b) It only affected the local port communities. c) It had a global reach. d) It had a regional reach.
C) it had a global reach
69. A transportation network that favors movement to and from a central point or location, such as a capital city to a residential area, is known as what type of network? a) central business district (CBD) network b) linear network c) radial d) rails to trails network
C) radial
56. Which of the following was not a driving force behind the Bretton Woods conference? a) providing stability and growth b) national defense c) rebuilding economies d) preventing another depression
C) rebuilding economies
35. There are two basic types of maps: thematic maps and ______________ maps. a) directional b) global c) reference d) GIS
C) referance
1. Geography is the study of people, place, environment, and: a) land. b) landforms. c) space. d) distance.
C) space
86. What aspect of climate change most concerns scientists connected with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change? a) the impact of natural Earth cycles b) changes in the sun c) the extent to which human activity causes it d) how best to use sustainable practices
C) the extent to which human activity causes it
Three quarters of the cities in Africa today were founded during this period in the continent's history:
Colonial
Geographers call the visible human imprint on the landscape the ______________________________.
Cultural Landscape
106. As a country or area develops, the nature of the economy changes or progresses through a series of stages. Select the correct order of these stages. a) industrial, agricultural, service b) service, agricultural, industrial c) agricultural, service, industrial d) agricultural, industrial, service
D) agricultural, industrial, service
103. A number of social scientists suggest that we should measure more than wealth in our assessment of development. What else should we access? a) literacy b) life expectancy c) infant mortality d) All of these should be assessed.
D) all of the these should be assessed
84. Which of the following is the negative impact on a region from economic growth in another region? a) economic misdevelopment b) negative development c) negative stimulus d) backwash
D) backwash
64. Why do some scholars think China will supersede the United States as the dominant world superpower? a) China is leading the way in recognizing human rights for all its people. b) China's willingness to build clean-energy infrastructure is making it a magnet for industry. c) China has an increasingly open government that allows free speech. d) China has grown as a global epicenter of manufacturing, and its entrepeneurs are some of the biggest investors in the world.
D) china has grown as a global epicenter of manufactoring, and its entrepeneurs are some of the biggest investors in the world
7. Which of the following could a physical geographer study? a) cultural landscape b) economic patterns c) migration patterns d) climate and landforms
D) climate and landforms
40. The visible imprint of people on the surface of the earth is seen in the ___________ landscape. a) physical b) functional c) human d) cultural
D) cultural
78. Although people in remote locations have gained connection through Internet access and mobile phone usage, there is a notable gap between the average bandwidth and accessibility, creating what is referred to as the: a) rural urban divide. b) great divide. c) income divide. d) digital divide.
D) digital divide
18. What is an area of land distinguished by either cultural or physical traits or criteria? a) perceived region b) culture region c) functional region d) formal region
D) formal region
21. A public school district in the United States is a _________________ region. a) perceived b) formal c) relative d) functional
D) functional
55. Which of the following is not one of the three financial institutions that came into existence as a result of the Bretton Woods conference at the close of World War II? a) International Monetary Fund (IMF) b) World Bank c) General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs / World Trade Organization (WTO) d) International Reserve Bank
D) international reserve bank
31. Globalization included colonial empires such as the Ottoman in Southwest Asia, the French in the Maghreb, and the _____________ in the Pacific. a) Spanish b) Chinese c) Portuguese d) Japanese
D) japanese
41. One method of finding absolute location on a map is by using: a) GIS b) MapQuest c) the legend or key d) longitude and latitude
D) longitude and latitude
80. Which of the following pairs are two of the wealthiest countries in the world that are also landlocked? a) Liechtenstein and Germany b) Bolivia and Paraguay c) Lesotho and Andorra d) Luxembourg and Switzerland
D) luxembourg and switzerland
110. __________ (or per person) basis allows comparisons between countries regardless of population size. a) The Americas b) Africa and Asia c) Per Europe and Russia d) Per capita
D) per capita
22. A region that people may imagine to exist, such as "Dixie," is a: a) narrative region b) formal c) functional d) perceptual
D) perceptual
15. Using physical geography to define world regions, a geographer may use: a) language. b) religion. c) location. d) precipitation.
D) precipitation
45. The first wave of colonialism was sparked by these European colonial powers. a) France and Spain b) British Isles c) Italy and France d) Spain and Portugal
D) spain & portugal
52. Which of the following is not consistent with strong globalization? a) The global economy has emerged since the 1970s. b) The global economy is significantly different from previous economies. c) States (countries) play an increasingly significant role in world trade. d) The market is all important and not constrained by state governments.
D) the market is all important and not constrained by state government
36. Relative locations of places are shown on what type of map? a) all maps b) global c) reference d) thematic
D) thematic
58. In 1945, following the world wars, this organization had 51 member countries; in 2015, membership has grown to 193 members. a) European Union (EU) b) African Union (AU) c) Red Cross (international relief organization) d) United Nations (UN)
D) united nations (UN)
Globalization is a set of processes that are ________________________.
Deepening the relationships of people and places around the world
All of the following are Bretton Woods institutions except:
FAO
HIV/AIDS rates are highest in the regions of northern Africa where polygamy is commonly practiced
False
People who are employed as street vendors or crafts people are considered part of the ______________ economy.
Informal
On the map of population density in Africa, each of the following regions stands out as having dense concentrations of people, except that:
Kalahari
All of the following statements are true about nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) except
NGOs never receive funding from governments
Geography is divided into two sub-disciplines, broadly called ______________________.
Physical Geography & Human Geogprahy
During the colonial era, Europeans encouraged higher agricultural output amount African farmers by:
Placing an animal head tax on each person
Structural adjustment refers to:
Policies pushed by the World Bank and IMF to raise revenues and cut government costs in developing countries
The continued growth of population in African cities today is largely a result of:
Rural to urban migration
The world region in which HIV/AIDS impacts women more than men is ______________.
Subsaharan Africa
The high-energy consumption patterns in the US are likely facilitated by all of the following except:
The high-density urban living sound in NYC
Some scientists have argued that we should call the current era the Anthropocene because
The influence of human behavior on earth since the Indus trail Revolution in the late 1700s is so significant that it constitutes a new geological era
Sequent occupance shows _________________________.
The layers of cultures that have lived in a place
All are true of the United Nations except:
UN agencies mainly provide loans for development projects
space
a boundless set of connections that people make meaningful in order to define the norms of everyday movement
human development index (HDI)
a composite index derived from statistics covering life span and health, education, and standard of living
gross natonal income (GNI)
a measurment of a country's wealth that takes into account wealth gernerated for a country both inside and outside of the country's borders
dualism
a relationship between two places or regions whereby one develops by exploiting the other
structural adjustments
a set of requriments to open markets, private industries, and allow foriegn direct investment in developing countries in exchange for loans from international financial institutions
enviornmental determinism
a set of theories that use enviornmental differences to explain everything from intelligence to wealth
human- enviornment
a subdiscipline of geography that studies the reciprocal relationship between humans and enviornment
geographic information system (GIS)
a system of computer hardware and software designed to show, analyze, and represent geographic data (data that have locations)
fair trade
a trade network developed to encourage enviornmentally sound production practices and to give greater compensation to the producers of the product, often farmers
strong globalization
a view that globalization after 1970 is fundamentaly different because global corporations have become more important than states in the world economy
weak globalization
a view that traces modern globalization to circa 1500 and contends that globalization is a longstanding process
agency
ability of local actors and individuals to voice an opinion or affect change
glocalization
adapting a global phenomenon to suit a local need or context
washington consensus
agreement among international finacial institution that policies opening markets in the developing world would lead to economic development
functional region
an area of land defined as sharing a common purpose in society
perceptual region
an area of land that an individual percieves as being similar
formal region
an area of land with common cultural or physical traits
hearth
an area or place where an idea, innovation, or technology originates
united nations
an organization of more than 190 states with the mission of establishing international peace and security. headquartered in new yor city
agglomeration effect
cost advantages created when similar buisnesses cluster in the same location
global south
countries that are less well off economically, typically located south of economically wealthy countries
participatory development
devlopment projects designed to incorporate local knowleged, input, and solutions
scramble for africa
during the 1800s when european countries claimed colonies in africa in order to control resources in africa and to bolster their own nationalism
enviornment
earth processes and human actions combined to create a physical context
accessibility
ease of flow between two places
threshhold concept
geographic concepts, that once understood, help the knower think geographically
sense of place
infusing a place with meaning as a result of experiances in place
world bank
international financial institution that primarily lends money for development and infrastructure projections. Traditionally has an american president
international monetary fund
international finanicial institution that monitors policies affecting exchange rates between currencies. traditionaly has a european president
backwash effect
negative economic impact in one region that stems from positive economic impact in another region
schemata
structures people have in their brains through which they process and understand the world
colonialism
taking over a territory and physically controlling its government and economy
atlantic world
the lands and sea lanes around the atlantic ocean that were connected through trade during the age of exploration from 1400s to the 1900s
time- distance decay
the likelihood of a trait or innovation diffusing decreases the farther away in time or distance it moves from the orgin (hearth)
vulnerability
the susceptibility of a people and place to negative phenomenon
cultural landscape
the vidible human imprint on the landscape
physical landscape
the visible appearnce of physical geographic processes on the landscape
central business district (CBD)
the zone of a city where businesses cluster and around which a city and its infrastructure are typically built
unequal excahnge
uneven relationship between between low labor costs and high- value products
65. The process of a company adapting its product to meet the demands of local culture is known as: a) glocalization. b) globalization. c) cultural branding. d) cultural ecology.
A) glocalization
8. A study of migrant workers from Indonesia going to Saudi Arabia is a study of: a) human geography. b) space and place. c) human-environment relations. d) geography of religion.
A) human geography
In both of the sub-disciplines, geographers ____________________.
Analyze people, place, and space
dependency theory
Andre gunder frank's theory that wealthy countries set up exploitative economic relations whereby poorer countries became dependent on the wealthy and the wealthy beneifited economically
73. In cities, one often sees a radial network of commuter trains that goes out from the central business district (CBD) of a city to residential neighborhoods and suburbs. Why has the growth of businesses within the city suburbs led to massive traffic congestion? a) Taking the train downtown is more of an exciting adventure, whereas taking the trains between suburbs is boring, so people would rather just drive. b) The hub and spoke system favors train travel between suburbs, but train travel downtown is inconvenient. c) Trains make too many stops when they go from one suburb to the other. d) The hub and spoke system favors train travel to the city, but makes train travel from suburb to suburb inconvenient.
B) the hub and spoke system favors train travel between suburbs, but train travel downtown in inconvenient
67. Ideas and goods diffuse from the hearth first: a) to places that export to the same region as the hearth exports. b) to places most connected to the hearth. c) from spoke to spoke in a hub-and-spoke system. d) from the outer belt to the central business district.
B) to places ost connected to the hearth
63. Political scientists outlined four hegemons between 1500 and 2000. Select the correct match of country and century below. a) Portugal—1500s; Spain—1600s; Great Britain—1700s and 1800s; and the United States—1900s b) Spain—1500s; Great Britain—1700s and 1800s; the United States—1900s; and China—2000s c) Spain—1500s; the Netherlands—1600s; Great Britain—1700s and 1800s; and the United States—1900s d) the Netherlands—1500s; Spain—1600s; Great Britain—1700s and 1800s; and the United States—1900s
C) spain- 1500s; the netherlands- 160s; grat britain-1700s & 1800s; and the united states- 1900s
When we change scales of analysis, the distribution of an attribute ___________.
Changes
The initial locational advantage of a place for economic activity often spirals into a continuous buildup of advantages that attract people and investment to that place. This effect is called ________________________.
Cumulative Causation
30. Globalization of the world's people and places began about: a) 2000. b) 1900. c) 1850. d) 1500.
D) 1500
9. _____________ means considering and understanding the context of what is going on in the world. a) Being politically astute b) Contexting c) Conceptualizing d) Thinking geographically
D) Thinking geographyically
75. Approximately, how many landlocked countries are in the world? a) less than 30 b) 30-35 c) 35-40 d) above 40
D) above 40
46. There were two waves of colonialism between 1500 and 1975. Which of the following is not true of the first wave (1500-1825)? a) Europeans colonized the Americas. b) Europeans colonized the coast of Africa. c) Colonization fueled the triangular trade network. d) Economies were focused on tourism.
D) economies were focused in tourism
51. Which of the following is not consistent with weak globalization? a) long-standing process b) began in the 1500s with the expansion of the Spanish and Portuguese empires c) trade relationships operating today have their roots in the Columbian Exchange d) emerged since the 1970s
D) emerged since the 1970s
49. What does the term Scramble for Africa refer to? a) African countries scrambled to experience as they modernize and develop. b) The African region struggled to produce sufficient food for a growing population. c) The African region struggled to provide adequate health care for a growing population. d) European powers arbitrarily divided the world's second-largest continent among themselves.
D) european powers arbitraily divided the world's second largest continent among themselves
81. Suburbs, large roads, limited sidewalks, and a near lack of public transportation characterize the United States. These aspects are largely the result of: a) inexpensive oil prices. b) efficient urban planning. c) expensive transportation. d) expensive oil prices.
D) expensive oil prices
29. The spread of Christianity from its hearth in Jerusalem to people and lands along the northern Mediterranean Sea is a good example of a) hearth diffusion. b) relocation diffusion. c) contagious diffusion. d) hierarchical diffusion.
D) hierarchical diffusion
6. The two major fields of study within geography are physical geography and _____________. a) landscape and topography b) history and development c) geology and climate d) human geography
D) human geography
109. Which of the following is not one of the most common measurements of wealth? a) gross domestic product (GDP) b) gross national income (GNI) c) gross national product (GNP) d) purchasing power
D) purchasing power
In the map of the distribution of diseases circa 300 CE (during Roman Times), diseases were _______________________.
Diffused mainly along trade routes
The German-speaking area of Europe is a good example of a _____________________.
Formal Region
A small hold cash crop farmer produces food for:
Her family and local market
With this type of diffusion, ideas spread from the most important place to the next important place.
Hierarchical Diffusion
The humid subtropical climate is humid because_______________________.
High pressure systems in the ocean bring warm, most air to the east coast of continents
Within the context of this chapter, double exposure refers to:
Households or areas that face the twin challenge of coping with globalization and climate change
A good example of a vector-transmitted disease:
Malaria
To understand the diffusion of HIV/AIDS or other diseases, geographers explore how disease transmission can vary by the demographic characteristics of different regions. Recent studies report that people infected with this disease may be super contagious when also infected with HIV/AIDS.
Malaria
Cities developed during the colonial period were established to function as administrative capitals for European colonizers or as sites for:
Oceanic Trade
A map in a road atlas is a good example of this type of map.
Reference
The main crop grown in floodplain agricultural in Africa is:
Rice
The structure in the mind through which humans build knowledge and filter information is ________________.
Schema
The Harmattan winds are caused by:
The migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)
In the map above of the distribution of diseases, Subsaharan Africa is shaded gray because during this time _________________________.
The people in Subsaharan Africa did not spatially interact with people in North Africa
All of the following might be considered a type of network except:
The position of a place relative to others
Within context of this chapter, agency refers to:
The role and power of local actors to influence local and broader scale events
Those who subscribe to the weak view of globalization believe that:
This is a long standing process that dates back to a time when systems of exchange become more global in scope, starting with the expansion of the Portuguese empires in the 1500s
The oldest university in the world is found in:
Timbuktu, Mali
One of the major reasons that Europeans did not colonize the interior of Africa for several centuries is:
Tropical Diseases
Virtually all of the continent of Africa lies within the:
Tropics
Geographer Michael Watts found in his study of northern Nigeria that famine was less common in precolonial Nigeria than it was in postcolonial Nigeria.
True
third world
countries that were not alligned with the united states or the USSR during the cold war
intial advantage
economic boost experianced by a region that is the hearth of production for a good
sustanable development
economic development that does not undetermine the long term health of an enviornment
second wave of colonialism
from the 1850s to 1960s, when europeans colonized africa and asia in the context of the industrial revolution
first wave of colonialism
from the late 1400s to 1850s, when europeans colonized the americas and coastal africa
perception of place
how a place is envisioned
indentity
how we make aense of ourselves
time- space compression
increasing connectedness between world cities from improved communications and transportation networks
world trade organization
international organization whose main purpose is to promote free trade
remote sensing
method of collecting data by using instruments that are physically at a distance from the area of study
remittances
money earned by an immigrant and sent home
selective adoption
negotiating globlaizationby choosing to adopt policies and changes that work for your country or locality
fieldwork
observations reseachers make of physical and cultural landscapes with a focus on seeing similarities and differences
toponym
place name
contiguous
places that are physically touching
spread effect
positive economic impact in one region that spurs positive economic growth in another region
international financial institution (IFIs)
privately and publically held corporations and nongovernmental and intergovernmental organizations set up to promote international trade
multinational corporations
privatley and publicly held companies with global presence
nongovernmental organization (NGOs)
privatley funded institutions that aid in development and relief work
globalization
processes heightening interactions, increasing interdependence, and deepening relations across country boundaries
forward linkage
relationship between a company and its purchasers or distributions
backward linkage
relationship between a company and its suppliers
gender
sociallly constructed notions of roles, behaviors, and activities that are appropriate for men and women
landlocked
state that shares its borders only with other states, not with ocean or seas
modifiable areal unit problem
statistical change that occurs when changing the size of spatial unit of analysis.
commodity chain
steps in the production of a good from its desgin and raw materials to its production, marketing, and distribution
relative humidity
the amount of water vapor in the sir compared to how much water vapor the air can hold at that temperature
cartography
the art and science of making maps
double expouser
the combined effect of two gloabla processes on one local place
spatial interaction
the degree of connectedness ot contact among people or places
institutionalize
the establishment of something as normal or a given through repeated recognition and use by governments and nongovernmental organizations
climate change
the generation of new climate patterns as a result of human activities
human geography
the geographic study of human phenomena
physical geography
the geographic study of physical earth phenomena
digital divide
the growing gap in access to internet and communication technologies between connected and remote places
relative location
the location of a place or attribute in reference to another place or attribute
situation
the position of a city or place relative to its surrounding enviornment or context
absolute location
the precise location of a place, usually defined by latitude and longitude
relocation diffusion
the spread of a idea or innovation from its hearth by the act of people moving and taking the idea or innovation with them
expansion diffusion
the spread of an idea or innovation from its hearth across space with out the aid of people moving
diffusion
the spread of an idea, innovation, or technology from its hearth to other people and places
hegemon
the state that is the world power and shapes the tone and rules of policies and trade in a particular era
gepgraphy
the study of earth, its people, cultures, and enviornments
petrodollars
the systems in place since the early 1970s whereby oil- producing countries, including saudi arabia, value their oil in U.S. dollars and create demand for U.S. dollars
modernization
the theory proposed by rostow and others that countries follow the same path along stages of development
place
the uniquness of a location, the character given to the location by people
people
the uniquness of individuals and groups of individuals, including how they identify themselves