Global Marketing: Module 2

Which of the following statements about the aesthetics of a culture is true?

Aesthetic symbols help customers characterize their own personalities within the context of culture.

multiple choice _____ refers to energy that supports life and travels through everyone's body and the environment, including the inside and outside of houses and places of employment.

Ch'i

Which of the following is the most likely reason for governments having relatively little influence on cultural values when compared to family, religion, school, and the media?

Cultural values are usually set before and during adolescence.

How has the availability of birth control affected families throughout the world?

Families have fewer children.;More women are waiting longer to get married.;Many women are waiting longer to have children.

Which of the following statements about Jared Diamond's research regarding the influence of geography on international marketing is true?

He claimed that new ideas moved more quickly from east to west than from north to south.

Philip Parker said geography influences economics in what way?

He contended that a country's latitude strongly affects its per capita GDP.

Randy works for a large manufacturing company. Though he is in management, his anxiety and stress levels are low. He likes to brainstorm with his colleagues and is open to exploring new ideas and taking risks. Which of the following is true of Randy?

His Uncertainty Avoidance Index score is low.

Which of the following statements about the origins of culture is true?

Historic events can affect technology, social institutions, culture, and behavior.

Which of the following statements regarding similarities among cultures is true?

Two cultures that speak the same language might interpret certain phrases or words in a very different way.

What are the four primary dimensions along which the cultures of nations differ, according to Geert Hofstede?

Uncertainty Avoidance Index;Masculinity/Femininity Index;Individualism/Collectivism Index;Power Distance Index

An individual with a high score on the Uncertainty Avoidance Index is most likely to

adhere to tested patterns of behavior.

In the context of international marketing, culture

affects the way consumer prioritize the things they desire and the things they need.

Which of the following is a type of payment made to a third party hired to help a company that is unfamiliar with a country's laws and practices?

agent's fee

Individuals from cultures that have low Power Distance Index scores

are likely to hold egalitarian beliefs.

_____ refers to attempts to give money to someone, uncoerced, to try to gain some sort of benefit.

bribery

Which of the following are characteristics of information-oriented cultures?

bribery less common low distance from English monochronic time competition

Ronald, a marketing executive at Renaissance Corp., offers a government official payment in exchange for tax deductions on advertisements on government property. Ronald is engaged in

bribery.

Which of the following are characteristics of relationship-oriented cultures?

collectivism high distance from English reduced transaction costs high context

According to Edward T. Hall, ______ is not only about words.

communication

Business systems are typified by cooperation among government, management, and labor.

communitarian capitalism

In contrast to managers and policymakers in other cultures, Western managers favor

competition

A marketer who practices cultural _____ is offering products that are much like what is already being sold, and the new products are offered in a way that fits into the existing culture as much as possible.

congruence

Mastersource Inc., an electronics manufacturer, introduces products that resemble what is already present in the market in order to reduce cultural resistance. Mastersource Inc. is engaging in cultural

congruence.

Philip Parker's work indicates that managers should

consider a region's ambient temperature to be a market segmentation variable.

For those raised and educated in countries with Marxist ideals, profits may be considered a type of

corruption

Paying attention to the fine distinctions of culture so that it can be studied in an open-minded way, assessed, and admired is known as

cultural sensitivity.

______is the sum of the values, rituals, symbols, beliefs, and thought processes that are learned and shared by a group of people, then transmitted from generation to generation.

culture

Development of organizations and progression of business management eventually lead to

decentralized management decision making.

In U.S. businesses, the power and task of making decisions are handled by lower management, which means decisions are

decentralized.

The loss of various spoken languages is part of a general

decrease in cultural distinctiveness around the world.

Cultures that score high on the Individualism/Collectivism Index tend to

embrace an "I" mentality.

Which of the following are general business areas in which standard operations such as decision making and policy making present challenges?

employment practices and policies basic human rights and fundamental freedoms environmental protection consumer protection

When a person in power forces someone to make a payment for something that does not require any payment, the person is engaged in

extortion

A government official demands that a construction company give him money before he will sign off on the continuation of a building project. He threatens to cancel the project and withdraw government funding. The government official is engaged in

extortion.

Which of the following have the greatest effect on values and culture?

families, schools, the media

Which types of government competed globally throughout most of the 20th century?

fascism colonialism communism democracy

When evaluating a situation, a Westerner is more likely to

focus on the central figures and not see much of the background.

Which of the following will cause the countries within the European Union to become increasingly similar in what they need, what they want, and how they behave in the economic market?

global mass communications countries depending more on one another, both economically and socially

_____ decision making plays a prominent role in cultures that value collectivism.

group

Relationship-oriented cultures are characterized by

high power distance.

The anthropologist Edward T. Hall categorized cultures using a

high-context/low-context continuum.

A key philosophy of U.S. businesses is that _____ is a tool for social action.

independent interprise

Business systems are typified by adversarial relationships among labor, management, and government.

individualistic capitalism

Lester Thurow made a distinction between two types of capitalism: the British-American ______ form of capitalism and the ______ form of capitalism in Japan and Germany.

individualistic; communitarian

American business relationships, in comparison to business relationships in other cultures, are generally considered to be

informal and casual

People who come from cultures with high Power Distance Index scores often say that power and social status are derived from

inheritance, social roles, manipulation

A characteristic of polychronic time is that

interruptions are routine and delays are expected.

One broad area in which a company faces challenges in normal business operations is

involvement in a country's political affairs.

The concept of linguistic distance revolves around the notion that

it is less expensive to do business in a foreign country where people speak a language that is similar to that of the marketer.

Research has indicated that _____ tends to be lower in countries that are lower in individualism (IDV) and higher in power distance (PDI).

job mobility

Before the birth control pill became widely available, men and women spent more time dealing with

larger numbers of children.

Compares to businesspeople in low-context cultures, businesspeople in high-context cultures are ______ likely to use e-mail.

less

Unlike individualistic societies, collective societies

link people strongly together through close-knit groups.

Which of the following is a characteristic of an information-oriented culture?

low context

_____ occurs when factory workers are given a small amount of cash to work more quickly on a given day.

lubrication

Unlike American companies, organizations in many other countries have not demonstrated a rapid acceptance of and adaptation to a ______ orientation.

marketing

The time system specified by Edward T. Hall that treats time as something palpable in that it can be wasted or spent is known as

monochronic time

Cultures with high Uncertainty Avoidance Index scores have

no liking for ambiguity.

What marketing strategy involves launching an effort to alter anything about a culture that stands in the way of the marketer's sales goals?

planned change

In most cultures, an infant's first experience with a social institution other than the home is most likely to be

religious

Patterns of cultural behavior and interaction that are learned and repeated are known as

rituals

Some ancient cultures that valued decadent lifestyles viewed work as an unwelcome component that interfered with the

search for pleasure or a good personal life.

multiple choice A fundamental concept in American business culture is _____, which complements the ideas of merit-based promotion and power over one's future.

sharing in decision making

The return on _____ is determined partly by the degree of brand equity and the ability to come up with socially responsible and sustainable ideas.

strategic philanthropy

Cultures that score low on the Individualism/Collectivism Index tend to

subdue the individual and favor the group.

A payment intended to influence an official to either ignore or commit an illegal activity is called

subornation

A variation of bribery that includes significant amounts of money paid to an official in the hopes that the official will illegally help the payer is known as

subornation.

A culture is most likely to accept something new when _____. (Select all that apply.)

the innovation will not disrupt existing beliefs and behaviors very much; people have some reason to be quite interested in the innovation

Unlike egalitarian countries, countries that value and emphasize status and position place more importance on

the status of business colleagues and clients.

Cultures are always changing, and yet

they also resist change, which is one of their fundamental attributes.

The respect a businessperson commands in international business depends on

training and the backing of the firm.

True or false: The beliefs of one individual can seem amusing and silly to someone else.

true

The tolerance of uncertainty and ambiguity among members of a society is measured by the ____ index

uncertainty avoidance

To be culturally sensitive, an international marketer should

understand how a culture began and what its essential beliefs are. recognize how cultures change. know how people resist change within their cultures.

Cultures that score high on the Uncertainty Avoidance Index

value security and try to always follow the rules.

Which of the following statements about cultural borrowing is true?

Borrowed cultural facets are combined in such a way that they become unique to a particular society.

_____ refers to attempts to give money to someone, uncoerced, to try to gain some sort of benefit.

Bribery

In what way is the culture changing in most countries?

It favors smaller families.

Which of the following statements regarding the European Union is true?

It has led marketers to the false conclusion that there is such a thing as the "European consumer."

Which of the following statements regarding international marketing is true?

It is easier to communicate with consumers who can read and write than with people who can understand only symbols.

multiple choice Which of the following is the geographical argument used by Jared Diamond to theorize why Euro-Asian cultures have sometimes dominated African and American cultures?

It was easier for ideas and information to travel over the Silk Road instead of crossing the Sahara or the Isthmus of Panama.

The degree to which a culture will tolerate social inequality between superiors and subordinates is measured by the

Power Distance Index.

Which of the following statements about social institutions and their influence on culture is true?

Societies become acquainted with most new products via businesses.

High-PDI

Subordinates are not likely to contradict bosses.

Low-PDI

Subordinates often contradict bosses.

Which of the following are characteristic of global marketers who understand cultural differences that affect their business operations?

They pay attention to cultural differences in markets they are attempting to enter.;They anticipate changes in markets where they are presently doing business.

How do social institutions affect cultural values?

They teach each new generation how to act in an acceptable way. They influence people to live in peace together.

Which of the following is true of cultures that have low Power Distance Index scores?

They usually think people should be treated equally, and they say power comes from knowledge.

Which of the following statements regarding cultural borrowing is true?

When people are introduced to a belief or practice from another culture and they approve of it, they incorporate it into their own culture.

People from cultures with low Power Distance Index scores often say that _____ is a source of power.

achievement

A high score on the Individualism/Collective Index indicates

a culture that encourages individual ambition.

An outcome of posting a message on a public or business-to-business website is that

a reader might not interpret the message in the way the writer intended.