Gov chap 3-4

The number of categorical grants in the United States increased dramatically during the Progressive Era. 1920s. 1960s. 1980s.

1960s

Congressional grants paid for ________ percent of the development of an interstate highway system after World War II. 25 50 90 100

90

The Supreme Court case Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores addressed the Affordable Care Act's requirement that employers provide their female employees with free contraceptive coverage, stating it violated their religious expression as protected by the Religious Freedom Restoration Act. Affordable Care Act's requirement that individuals show proof of health insurance coverage or face a tax penalty from the federal government. issue of whether a religious group at the University of Virginia could be denied student activities funds merely because it espouses a particular viewpoint about a deity. question of whether a company can refuse to hire a Muslim woman who might wear a head scarf in violation of the company's dress code.

Affordable Care Act's requirement that employers provide their female employees with free contraceptive coverage, stating it violated their religious expression as protected by the Religious Freedom Restoration Act.

The inclusion of the Tenth Amendment to the Constitution was MOST strongly supported by the Federalists. Antifederalists. Whigs. Progressives.

Antifederalists

What are fair limits on certain rights in order to accommodate civil liberties? Can the Supreme Court ever resolve this tension? What does the textbook say about this situation?

Fair limits to accommodate civil liberties can be in the form of safety. The book discusses a minister being charged for ignoring ban on gatherings in excess of 50 people. Yes the minister was practicing his civil liberty of freedom of religion, however he was putting people in danger by doing so. Anytime health or safety are in jeopardy a limit should be placed. Although when emotional well being is being questioned this type of safety is not accounted for. In Snyder v. Phelps (2011), free speech was ruled in favor of even though the speech in question was protesting at fallen soldiers funerals. I don't believe the supreme court can resolve this tension. These issues are based in emotion not logic, and therefore no matter what decision is made someone will be unhappy with it.

The 1937 case Palko v. Connecticut focused on the Fourth Amendment's protection against unreasonable searches and seizures. Sixth Amendment's right to counsel. Second Amendment's right to bear arms. Fifth Amendment's protection against double jeopardy.

Fifth Amendment's protection against double jeopardy.

Why was United States v. Lopez (1995) important? It was the first time since the New Deal that the Supreme Court limited the power of Congress as outlined under the commerce clause. It was the first time that the Court had used the Tenth Amendment to limit the power of Congress. The Court found the line-item veto unconstitutional. The Court gave a broad interpretation of the commerce clause that expanded the power of the federal government over the states.

It was the first time since the New Deal that the Supreme Court limited the power of Congress as outlined under the commerce clause.

Based on the outcome of this case, which statement most accurately describes the balance between freedom of religion and same-sex marriage rights? Religious freedoms clearly take precedence over same-sex marriage rights. Same-sex marriage rights clearly take precedence over freedom of religion issues. It's unclear; the Supreme Court overruled an appeals court's decision against the baker, granting him a new hearing, but did not settle the issue between freedom of religion and same-sex marriage rights. Nothing; the Supreme Court did not settle the issue between freedom of religion and same-sex marriage rights and instead, referred the matter to Congress for a constitutional solution.

It's unclear; the Supreme Court overruled an appeals court's decision against the baker, granting him a new hearing, but did not settle the issue between freedom of religion and same-sex marriage rights.

In a battle over state and local power, this state eliminated local authority to regulate access to public facilities and as a result, suffered greatly economically. Texas Florida North Carolina South Carolina

North Carolina

Why might businesses, such as the various sports leagues, prefer one national standard for gambling? Why might they prefer a variety of regulation based on individual state laws? Use your textbook to help answer this question.

One national standard allows for cohesion between states. Cohesion can mean if gambling is supported by one state maybe it could be enforced or honored in all others. Making it easier for money to be made from this revenue stream. Similar to how the full faith and credit clause enforced interracial and gay marriage to be recognized nation wide even if a state didn't support it. A variety of regulation based on state laws might be preferred because this could allow for more autonomy in gambling. Leagues could favor states with less stringent laws allowing for more freedom in the way the business is run.

The Supreme Court used which constitutional amendment as the basis for striking down the 1875 Civil Rights Act? First Amendment Second Amendment Tenth Amendment Fourteenth Amendment

Tenth Amendment

What was the overall importance of McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)? The Court allowed Congress to use the necessary and proper clause to broadly interpret its delegated powers. The Court gave a very restricted definition of Congress's delegated and implied powers. The Court announced that dual federalism did not conform to the framers' design. The Court declared that the National Bank was unconstitutional.

The Court allowed Congress to use the necessary and proper clause to broadly interpret its delegated powers.

Which statement best describes the Supreme Court's decisions about federalism during the 1990s? The Court granted the national government more power over the states. The Court limited the power of the national government over the state governments. The Court declined to hear federalism cases, arguing that they are political questions. The Court dramatically limited the ability of states to sue the national government in federal courts.

The Court limited the power of the national government over the state governments.

In E.E.O.C. v. Abercrombie & Fitch Stores (2015), the Supreme Court ruled that the Ten Commandments cannot be displayed at a privately owned retail store. Title VII of the U.S. Code prevents retail stores from refusing to hire Muslim women who wear head scarves in violation of company dress policies. Title VII of the U.S. Code allows retail stores to refuse hiring Muslim women who wear head scarves in violation of company dress policies. Native Americans cannot be fired from their jobs at privately owned companies for smoking peyote during religious ceremonies.

Title VII of the U.S. Code prevents retail stores from refusing to hire Muslim women who wear head scarves in violation of company dress policies.

In the 1930s, the Supreme Court increased the power of the federal government through its expansive interpretation of the commerce clause. True or False?

True

Which Supreme Court decision partially struck down the Defense of Marriage Act? McCutcheon v. Federal Election Commission National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius United States v. Windsor Bush v. Gore

United States v. Windsor

The Eighth Amendment's protection from cruel and unusual punishment was incorporated as a result of the ratification of the Twenty-Seventh Amendment. a 1964 Supreme Court decision about Illinois police officers' denial of a suspect's request to see his lawyer during interrogation. a 1962 Supreme Court decision about California's 90-day sentence for people found guilty of "addiction to the use of narcotics." a 1969 Supreme Court decision about an individual tried twice in the state of Maryland for the same crime of larceny.

a 1962 Supreme Court decision about California's 90-day sentence for people found guilty of "addiction to the use of narcotics."

New York Times v. Sullivan (1964) was significant because the justices ruled that a newspaper had to print false and malicious material deliberately in order to be guilty of libel. newspapers could be guilty of libel if they published any information that was ultimately proven to be inaccurate. the government could prevent the publication of newspapers and magazines only under the most extraordinary circumstances. "shield laws" were unconstitutional.

a newspaper had to print false and malicious material deliberately in order to be guilty of libel.

When Richard Nixon employed his "southern strategy," he used the FBI to help collect secrets and blackmail southern Democratic leaders. ignored the southern states in favor of voters in the Midwest and Northeast. appealed to disaffected white voters in the South. appealed to black southerners who had recently mobilized for civil rights.

appealed to disaffected white voters in the South.

McDonald v. Chicago (2010) was significant because it applied the Second Amendment to state governments. rejected the idea that the Second Amendment applies to state governments. concluded that the Second Amendment applies only to state governments and not to the federal government. upheld the state of Illinois's restrictions on gun ownership by former felons.

applied the Second Amendment to state governments.

Attempts by Congress to regulate child labor and factory conditions in local workplaces were struck down by the Supreme Court as unconstitutional in the late nineteenth century because regulating local workplaces was perceived to violate the Twenty-First Amendment to the Constitution. perceived to violate the comity clause of the Constitution. beyond the scope of interstate commerce at the time and was therefore perceived to be an unconstitutional exercise of power by the federal government. perceived to violate the strongly held value of regulated federalism.

beyond the scope of interstate commerce at the time and was therefore perceived to be an unconstitutional exercise of power by the federal government.

The ability to charter banks is an example of a ________ power. reserved concurrent state police

concurrent

The Fourteenth Amendment forced state governments to abide by all of the provisions in the Bill of Rights immediately after its ratification in 1868. had no effect on state governments because it was designed to apply only to the federal government. forced state governments to abide by almost every provision in the Bill of Rights, but the process took more than 100 years. required states to abide by the First Amendment to the Constitution but not any of the other amendments to the Constitution.

forced state governments to abide by almost every provision in the Bill of Rights, but the process took more than 100 years.

Freedom of speech and of the press have a special place in the American system because free and open debate is an essential mechanism for determining the quality and validity of competing ideas. they were the last provisions in the Bill of Rights to be incorporated through the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. they have never been restricted in the history of the United States. they were the only liberties explicitly mentioned in Article I of the Constitution.

free and open debate is an essential mechanism for determining the quality and validity of competing ideas.

Which element of the First Amendment was, according to the news clip, most at stake in this case? freedom of the press freedom of assembly freedom of religion freedom of expression

freedom of religion

Which two constitutional protections were most in tension in the case presented in the news clip? freedom of religion (First Amendment) and equal protection under the law (Fourteenth Amendment) freedom of religion (First Amendment) and due process (Fifth Amendment) freedom of religion (First Amendment) and freedom of expression (First Amendment) freedom of expression (First Amendment) and states rights (Tenth Amendment)

freedom of religion (First Amendment) and equal protection under the law (Fourteenth Amendment)

The ________ and the ________ clauses of the U.S. Constitution involve the relationships between and among the various states. full faith and credit; privileges and immunities full faith and credit; federalism privileges and immunities; federalism establishment; privileges and immunities

full faith and credit; privileges and immunities

During the era of dual federalism, the primary goal of the federal government's domestic policies was to promote competition between the states. promote the development of commercial activity between and among the states. protect citizens from the abuses of state governments. keep the states from going to war with each other.

promote the development of commercial activity between and among the states.

Which powers, derived from the Tenth Amendment, are neither delegated to the national government nor denied to the states? concurrent expressed police reserved

reserved

In a federal system, governmental responsibilities are under the complete authority of the federal government. under the complete authority of state governments. under the complete authority of local governments. shared by both state and federal governments.

shared by both state and federal governments.

In Buckley v. Valeo (1976), the Supreme Court ruled that spending by or on behalf of a candidate for office is protected speech. libel is protected by the First Amendment, as long as the person libeled is a public figure. burning draft cards is a form of protected symbolic speech, but only if it is done in public. the Espionage Act of 1917 was unconstitutional.

spending by or on behalf of a candidate for office is protected speech.

In Snyder v. Phelps (2011), the Supreme Court ruled that religious organizations cannot lose their tax-exempt status under federal law simply because they organized a protest event at the funeral service of a soldier. religious organizations must lose their tax-exempt status under federal law if they organize protest events at funeral services. protests during funeral services for military personnel can be prohibited by state governments even if held in a public place. the First Amendment protects free speech in a public place against emotional distress lawsuits.

the First Amendment protects free speech in a public place against emotional distress lawsuits.

The Lemon test involves what part of the Constitution? free speech the establishment clause due process the free exercise clause

the establishment clause

The 1996 Defense of Marriage Act was MOST closely related to which of the following constitutional clauses? the commerce clause the necessary and proper clause the full faith and credit clause the interstate compact clause

the full faith and credit clause

Van Orden v. Perry (2005) and McCreary v. ACLU (2005) show that the issue of government-sponsored religion has not yet been definitively settled. there are different opinions about the establishment clause and whether it should apply to states as well as the federal government. the free exercise clause has still not been incorporated through the Fourteenth Amendment. the Lemon test does not apply to cases involving school prayer.

the issue of government-sponsored religion has not yet been definitively settled.

In Printz v. United States, the Supreme Court struck down a law that required state and local law enforcement officials to conduct background checks on handgun purchasers because the law infringed upon the Second Amendment right for individuals to bear arms. ignored the constitutional principle of habeas corpus. violated the Tenth Amendment's guarantee of state sovereignty. encroached upon the constitutional right to privacy.

violated the Tenth Amendment's guarantee of state sovereignty