Government Quiz - Chp. 6
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Which of the following is NOT an important function of the news media in our political system?
All of the above are important functions of the news media in our political system (Reporting news, interpreting news, socializing citizens, and setting the agenda).
Research on the impact of soft news finds it
All of these choices are true (lead people to be more cynical about politicians, improve levels of political knowledge, help citizens identify which politician best matches their own political preferences, can benefit attitudes and engagements when candidates appear for interviews).
Early TV network news programs focused their evening news programs on
an "anchorman"
The phrase "on background" means that media are permitted to
anonymously quote material without identifying the source.
It is quite possible that campaign coverage is affected by a(n) __________ among journalists.
anti-incumbent bias
The phrase "off the record" means that media
are not allowed to print the information
When the media regularly focus public attention on violent crime, political corruption, or economic woes, they are engaged in
changing public opinion
More and more, cable news seems analogous to
early partisan newspapers
Reaction to a film posted on YouTube made by an Egyptian-American that mocked the Muslim prophet Muhammad is an example of the influence of new media platforms; that they
impact the types of stories that get picked up by the "mainstream media."
A story that contains no policy content and is not related to the day's events but that commonly discusses popular personalities and is designed to draw greater viewer interest is
infotainment
Journalistic norms of objectivity and accuracy grew, some say, because of
lack of competition, allowing focus on quality rather than sensationalism.
Available evidence seems to indicate that there are _________ among journalists and reporters.
liberal leanings
Some research indicates that people who watch partisan news become
more extreme in their politics
The traditional division of mass media into _________ has been made problematic by the Internet.
print and broadcast
The first media technology to make broadcast journalists into household names was
radio
General entertainment programming that often includes discussions of political affairs, such as The Daily Show, The Today Show, and The View is called
soft news
Despite new technological options, and despite criticism that in its current form it polarizes politics in an unhealthy way, _____ of Americans listen to traditional AM/FM radio weekly.
90%
___________ are group leaders who follow news in specific areas.
Attentive policy elites
A country where the government heavily censors Internet news and search engines is
China
The _________ Amendment prohibits Congress from abridging freedom of the press.
First
The current debate about "net neutrality" concerns whether
ISPs should be allowed to charge people more if they consume a large amount of bandwidth.
After the 2012 election, which of the following received the lowest rating from Americans?
The Media
Which of the following statements is most accurate?
The media in the United States have played an important role in advancing equality.
_________ occurs when a media outlet such as a magazine informs a relatively small number of group leaders who follow news in a specific area, and those leaders in turn mobilize their followers to put pressure on public officials.
The two-step flow of communication
How do the mass media influence the socialization process?
They play contradictory roles, sometimes promoting popular support for government and sometimes eroding public confidence in it.
__________ percent of surveyed adults indicated that they learned about the 2008 political campaign from comedy shows like The Daily Show, The Colbert Report, or Saturday Night Live.
Thirty
A 2006 survey found that if the government feels information threatens national security, _______ Americans favor government censorship.
about a third of
Advocates of dropping all FCC content regulations believe that
broadcast media should be treated the same as other media.
The reasonable access rule required
broadcasters to make facilities available to all responsible parties in a community wishing to express conflicting views on issues.
A recent example of popular music conveying a political message is "Born This Way," by Lady Gaga, which focuses on
bullying
Most news printed about Congress comes from
congressional press releases and prepared reports
Available evidence seems to indicate that there are __________ among editors and owners of the major news media.
conservative leanings
Private ownership of the media in the United States makes the American news industry
dependent on advertising revenues
Regarding the Internet, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
does not have jurisdiction to regulate Internet content
Crime rates fell in every major category (rape, burglary, robbery, assault, and murder) from the 1980s until very recently, but as one journalist said, "Crime coverage is not editorially driven; it's_________."
economically driven
The now-abolished __________ obligated broadcasters to discuss public issues and to provide equal coverage of all opinions on those issues.
fairness doctrine
The first newspapers in the United States were
financed by political parties that advocated party causes.
The media executives, news editors, and prominent reporters who decide which events to report and how to report them are known as
gatekeepers
During a presidential election, the tendency of journalists to limit coverage of campaigns to coverage of which candidate is leading or behind in the polls at the time, rather than chiefly covering the issues, is known as
horse race journalism
The Internet was started
in 1969, with support from the U.S. Department of Defense.
To stay in business in the digital age, many newspapers have __________ their online content, with varying degrees of success.
instituted payrolls for
The "television hypothesis" is the belief that television
is to blame for the low level of citizens' knowledge about public affairs
A poll of Americans who had seen or heard of Michael Moore's 2007 documentary Sicko found that _________ changed their mind and said health-care reform was more necessary.
nearly half
Until the early 1960s, most Americans cited __________ as the source from which they got most of their news.
newspapers
In response to financial stress, some have suggested that newspapers operate as ___________, allowing them to be funded through endowments, donations, and perhaps government support.
nonprofits
Representatives of the mass media frequently defend the importance of freedom of the press, even if it comes at the expense of
order
In the United States today, the mass media
provide a two-way channel of communication between the people and the government
Chinese political activists have used inflatable ducks and Legos to
recreate the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests in a way that will avoid censors.
The fairness doctrine, the equal opportunities rule, and the reasonable access rule are all rules under which the FCC has
regulate broadcast media content
The Telecommunications Act of 1996
relaxed the rules governing media ownership.
Newspapers owned by publicly-traded chains are more likely to
resort to negative or positive spin on the news
The text suggests that in the early days of radio, owners sought government regulation of the airwaves to
restrict others' freedom to enter broadcasting and compete.
Most politicians and many scholars believe that the media's greatest influence on politics is its ability to
set the political agenda
Currently, _________ is (are) most Americans' primary news source.
television
Newspapers did not move toward independent ownership and large circulation until
the 1830s
The amount of information online is so vast that most people rely on _________ to help them determine which news is real and important.
the mainstream media
Content analysis of network news suggests that most coverage focuses on
the president
