Government Study Guide

During the 1990s, Congress prohibited private business from discriminating in employment, public services, and public accommodations on the basis of physical or mental disabilities. this act creates a clash between-

Freedom and equality

which political philosopher inspired the phrase "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness" in the declaration of independence?

John Locke

Protection of private property is NOT a valid objective of government according to-

Karl Marx

Which of the following philosophers is usually associated with socialism?

Karl Marx

An example of a government policy that promotes social equality without redistributing income is-

The U.S. Supreme Court holding that state laws banning same-sex marriage were unconstitutional.

John Locke's views on government are expressed in-

Two Treatises on Government

Thomas Hobbes's ideal form of government was-

a single ruler with unquestioned authority

one example of government focus on equality of outcome is-

affirmative action program

One example of government focus on equality of outcome is-

affirmative action programs

A pure_______would even protest traffic laws.

anarchist

In his 2014 State of the Union address, President Obama proposed that the minimum wage-

be raised to $10.10

Government actions that are commonly engaged in by the U.S. government include-

building interstate roads

Compared to citizens in other nations, Americans are more likely to-

choose freedom over equality

Americans are likely to think freedom and equality as-

complementary

During his 2016 campaign for the democratic presidential nomination, Vermont Senator Bernie Sanders had difficulty explaining his political views as a-

democratic socialist

Communitarians are willing to use government to promote both order and-

equality

When one person has the same chance to succeed in life as another, this is called-

equality of opportunity

Which of the following is NOT categorized as a civil liberty in the United States?

freedom of equality

Government can promote social equality through policies other than income redistribution. According to the text, in 2015, the Supreme Court promoted equality when it held that____________ was/were unconstitutional.

laws banning same-sex marriages

As derived from John Locke's philosophy, the doctrine of LIBERALISM holds that government should-

leave citizens free to further their individual pursuits

A(n) ________ is likely to believe that helping the needy should be a matter of individual choice-

libertarian

According to Thomas Hobbes, author of Leviathan, the proper objective of government is to-

maintain order

using a 2-dimensional model of political ideology, conservatives are more likely to support-

order over freedom & freedom over equality

Each citizen having one vote demonstrates-

political equality

Most governments at least claim to_______ while they maintain order-

preserve individual freedom

Services that benefit all citizens and are NOT likely to be produced by the voluntary acts of individuals are known as

public goods

Although the US is a capitalist country, the government does intervene in the economic arena, primarily through-

regulating private business

Hobbes's state of nature refers to-

society without government

A government pursuing laissez-faire policies would-

take a hands-off attitude toward the economy

The national government can act on individual if-

the action is based on a constitutionally delegated power.

Using the state to redistribute income is a policy based on-

the philosophy of Karl Marx

Anarchism is the political opposite of

totalitarianism