Government Unit 2 Review Questions (ch 4,5,6,7)

7 . What were the key provisions of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed discrimination in employment based on race, color, national origin, religion, and sex and created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission to investigate discrimination and enforce the provisions of the bill. It also prohibited segregation in public accommodations and encouraged integration in education.

18 . The right to privacy has been controversial for all the following reasons except ________. it is not explicitly included in the Constitution or Bill of Rights it has been interpreted to protect women's right to have an abortion it has been used to overturn laws that have substantial public support most U.S. citizens today believe the government should be allowed to outlaw birth control

A. it is not explicitly included in the Constitution or Bill of Rights

15 . Which of the following best describes attitudes toward Asian immigrants in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries? Asian immigrants were welcomed to the United States and swiftly became financially successful. Asian immigrants were disliked by whites who feared competition for jobs, and several acts of Congress sought to restrict immigration and naturalization of Asians. Whites feared Asian immigrants because Japanese and Chinese Americans were often disloyal to the U.S. government. Asian immigrants got along well with whites but not with Mexican Americans or African Americans.

Asian immigrants were welcomed to the United States and swiftly became financially successful.

10 . The doctrine that people who do jobs that require the same level of skill, training, or education are thus entitled to equal pay is known as ________. the glass ceiling substantial compensation comparable worth affirmative action

C. comparable worth

5 . The Supreme Court decision ruling that "separate but equal" was constitutional and allowed racial segregation to take place was ________. Brown v. Board of Education Plessy v. Ferguson Loving v. Virginia Shelley v. Kraemer

Plessy v. Ferguson

16 . How do polls affect presidential elections? Polls help voters research information about each of the candidates. Polls tell voters the issues that candidates support. Polls identify the top candidates and the media interview those candidates. Polls explain which candidates should win the election.

Polls tell voters the issues that the candidates support.

4 . What effect did the National Voter Registration Act have on voter registration?

Registration increased by 7 percent

18 . Which body of government is least susceptible to public opinion polls? the president U.S. Senate U.S. House of Representatives U.S. Supreme Court

U.S. Supreme Court

11 . The Supreme Court case known as Kelo v. City of New London was controversial because it ________. allowed greater use of the power of eminent domain regulated popular ride-sharing services like Lyft and Uber limited the application of the death penalty made it harder for police to use evidence obtained without a warrant

a allowed greater use of the power of eminent domain

1 . Which of the following is not an agent of political socialization? a family member a religious leader a teacher a U.S. senator

a U.S. senator

6 . Which of the following provisions is not part of the First Amendment? the right to keep and bear arms the right to peaceably assemble the right to free speech the protection of freedom of religion

a.the right to keep and bear arms

2 . Which of the following is a reason to make voter registration more difficult? increase voter turnout decrease election fraud decrease the cost of elections make the registration process faster

b.decrease election fraud

17 . Which of the following rights is not explicitly protected by some state constitutions? the right to hunt the right to privacy the right to polygamous marriage the right to a free public education

c the right to polygamous marriage

12 . Which of the following rights is not protected by the Sixth Amendment? the right to trial by an impartial jury the right to cross-examine witnesses in a trial the right to remain silent the right to a speedy trial

c. the right to remain silent

7 . What characterizes those most likely to vote in the next election? over forty-five years old income under $30,000 high school education or less residency in the South

over forty-five years old

9 . What recommendations would you make to increase voter turnout in the United States?

to increase voter turnout in the United States, I would suggest: move to all-mail voting, hold elections on weekends, automatically register voters, and pass federal law that further reduces impediments to voter registration.

21 . Explain the difference between a right listed in the Bill of Rights and a common-law right.

. A right listed in the Bill of Rights is afforded clearer protection than one developed incrementally through court precedents.

13 . Briefly describe the similarities and differences between the experiences of Native Americans and Native Hawaiians.

. Both groups lost their ancestral lands to whites who also attempted to destroy their culture. Both groups also suffer high levels of poverty and unemployment today. Most Native American tribes are allowed to govern themselves, but so far Native Hawaiians are not.

15 . Explain why someone accused of a crime might negotiate a plea bargain rather than exercising the right to a trial by jury.

. Someone accused of a crime may take a plea bargain because it reflects a clear path forward rather than the uncertainty of a trial. Typically plea bargains result in weaker punishments than does a court trial.

14 . The Supreme Court has decided that the death penalty ________. is always cruel and unusual punishment is never cruel and unusual punishment may be applied only to acts of terrorism may not be applied to those who were under 18 when they committed a crime

.D. may not be applied to those who were under 18 when they committed a crime

. The Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution because ________. key states refused to ratify the Constitution unless it was added Alexander Hamilton believed it was necessary it was part of the Articles of Confederation it was originally part of the Declaration of Independence

A key states refused to ratify the Constitution unless it was added

3 . Which of the following types of discrimination would be subject to the rational basis test? A law that treats men differently from women An action by a state governor that treats Asian Americans differently from other citizens A law that treats whites differently from other citizens A law that treats 10-year-olds differently from 28-year-olds

A law that treats 10-year-olds differently from 28-year-olds

6 . The 1965 Selma-to-Montgomery march was an important milestone in the civil rights movement because it ________. vividly illustrated the continued resistance to black civil rights in the Deep South did not encounter any violent resistance led to the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was the first major protest after the death of Martin Luther King, Jr.

A. vividly illustrated the continued resistance to black civil rights in the Deep South

12 . AIM was ________. a federal program that returned control of Native American education to tribal governments a radical group of Native American activists who occupied the settlement of Wounded Knee on the Pine Ridge Reservation an attempt to reduce the size of reservations a federal program to give funds to Native American tribes to help their members open small businesses that would employ tribal members

B. a radical group of Native American activists who occupied the settlement of Wounded Knee on the Pine Ridge Reservation

20 . A major difference between most European countries and the United States today is ________. most Europeans don't use technologies that can easily be tracked laws in Europe more strictly regulate how government officials can use tracking technology there are more legal restrictions on how the U.S. government uses tracking technology than in Europe companies based in Europe don't have to comply with U.S. privacy laws

B. laws in Europe more strictly regulate how government officials can use tracking technology

14 . Why might one branch's approval ratings be higher than another's?

Based on whether people think that one branch has been advocate for their position or ideological beliefs

14 . Mexican American farm workers in California organized ________ to demand higher pay from their employers. the bracero program Operation Wetback the United Farm Workers union the Mattachine Society

C. the United Farm Workers union

16 . What problems will candidates experience with frontloading?

Candidates will have less time to campaign in each state.

17 . Why have fewer moderates won primaries than they used to?

Candidates with extreme viewpoints gain media attention, and primary voters are more ideologically motivated than voters in other elections.

11 . The Trail of Tears is the name given to the forced removal of this tribe from Georgia to Oklahoma. Lakota Paiute Navajo Cherokee

Cherokee

16 . Explain the difference between a criminal case and a civil case.

Civil cases usually involve private disputes between persons or organizations. Criminal cases involve an action that is considered to be harmful to society as a whole.There are two different bodies of law that create our justice system: civil cases and criminal cases. Criminal cases happen when someone breaks a law, or commits a criminal offense, which typically results in jail time. Civil cases handle almost all other disputes, and typically aim for some sort of recovery.A criminal case is filed by the government and is led by a prosecuting attorney. A civil case is filed by a private party, typically an individual or corporation, against another individual or corporation.

19 . Why do parties prefer closed primaries to open primaries?

Closed primaries do not allow voters affiliated with other parties to vote, thus keeping the decision inside the party.

26 . What problems would a voter face when trying to pass an initiative or recall?

Depending on where the voter lives, they may have to file paperwork with the state and include a proposed text of the initiative allowing the state or local office to determine if the measure is legal and it's cost if implemented.

5 . Which agents of socialization will have the strongest impact on an individual?

Family and/or school are the agents of socialization that have the strongest impact on an individual.

4 . Where do your beliefs originate?

Guardians/Parents, School, Community.

11 . If you were going to predict whether your classmates would vote in the next election, what questions would you ask them?

I would ask them their age, educational level, interest in politics, income level, and whether they voted in the last election.

9 . Why do pollsters interview random people throughout the country when trying to project which candidate will win a presidential election?

If a pollster interviews only a certain type of person, the sample will be biased and the poll will be inaccurate.

2 . How are most attitudes formed? in adulthood, based on life choices in childhood, based on early childhood experiences in college, based on classes and majors after college, based on finances

In childhood, based on early childhood experiences

8 . A poll states that Hillary Clinton will receive 43 percent of the vote. There is an 8 percent margin of error. What do you think of the poll? It is a good poll and the margin of error is small. It is a good poll and the margin of error is acceptable. It is a non-representative poll and the margin of error is too high. The poll accurately predicts Clinton will receive 43 percent of the vote.

Is it a non-representative poll and the margin of error is too high.

13 . Which of the following citizens is most likely to run for office? Maria Trejo, a 28-year-old part-time sonogram technician and mother of two Jeffrey Lyons, a 40-year-old lawyer and father of one Linda Tepsett, a 40-year-old full-time orthopedic surgeon Mark Forman, a 70-year-old retired steelworker

Jeffrey Lyons, a 40-year-old lawyer and father of one

22 . In what ways is voting your party identification an informed choice? In what ways is it lazy?

Most people belong to the party with which they share and ideology, so voting with their party is logical. Not all candidates of the same party share all the same policy positions, however, so the party voter may miss some issues.

1 . Which of the following makes it easy for a citizen to register to vote? grandfather clause lengthy residency requirement National Voter Registration Act competency requirementb.decrease election fraud

National Voter Registration Act

10 . Why does age affect whether a citizen will vote?

Older voters have more money, education, and job security and are likely to see more clearly how the government affects their well-being, particularly after retirement, while younger citizens prefer volunteering over voting. Parties and government tend to also focus on issues affecting older citizens rather than on younger citizens.

3 . ________ political content is given by a media source that lets the reader or viewer know upfront there is a political bias or position. Overt Covert Explanatory Expository

Overt

18 . How do political parties influence the state's primary system?

Parties can give frontloading states fewer delegates

27 . Why do some argue that direct democracy is simply a way for the wealthy and businesses to get their own policies passed?

People of means can easily form interest groups to propose initiatives/recalls and that have the resources to pay for signature collection.

19 . Why would House of Representative members be more likely than the president to follow public opinion?

Representatives run for election every two years and must constantly raise campaign money. They abide by public opinion because do not have time to explain their actions or mend fences before each election.

6 . The Bradley effect occurs when people ________. say they will vote for a candidate based on the candidate's name say they will vote against a candidate because of the candidate's race say they will vote for a candidate but then vote against him or her say they will vote in the next election but instead stay home

Say they will vote for a candidate but then vote against him/her.

5 . Briefly explain the concept of selective incorporation, and why it became necessary.

Selective incorporation is the process of expanding the application of the Bill of Rights to also include the states. It became necessary in order to guarantee people's civil liberties equally across all states.

9 . How did NAWSA differ from the NWP? NAWSA worked to win votes for women on a state-by-state basis while the NWP wanted an amendment added to the Constitution. NAWSA attracted mostly middle-class women while NWP appealed to the working class. The NWP favored more confrontational tactics like protests and picketing while NAWSA circulated petitions and lobbied politicians. The NWP sought to deny African Americans the vote, but NAWSA wanted to enfranchise all women.

The NWP favored more confrontational tactics like protests and picketing while NAWSA circulated petitions and lobbied politicians.

22 . Describe two ways in which new technological developments challenge traditional notions of privacy.

The development of email also came with the technology to intercept emails, and this created a means to invade privacy. The other thing is through social media, as people update their lives onto the internet, they can be tracked, followed, and their lives can be at the disposal of anyone who knows how to access the internet, therefore invading privacy in that way as well.Two way in which new technological developments challenge traditional notions of privacy is that they can be listening to us and reporting back our private information to other political organizations.

5 . What challenges do college students face with regard to voter registration?

The main challenge is figuring out where students wish to register, at home or at college. Out-of-state students have an even greater challenge because they have moved across state lines.

3 . What unusual step did Oregon take to increase voter registration? The state automatically registers all citizens over eighteen to vote. The state ended voter registration. The state sends every resident a voter registration ballot. The state allows online voter registration.

The state automatically registers all citizens over eighteen to vote.

10 . Explain the difference between the collective rights and individual rights views of the Second Amendment. Which of these views did the Supreme Court's decision in District of Columbia v. Heller reflect?

The two clauses together protect religious liberty but from opposite directions. The establishment clause prevents governments from having an official religion (thus giving all religions a chance to flourish), while the free exercise clause clearly empowers individuals to practice as they wish

9 . Explain the difference between the establishment clause and the free exercise clause, and explain how these two clauses work together to guarantee religious freedoms.

The two clauses together protect religious liberty but from opposite directions. The establishment clause prevents governments from having an official religion (thus giving all religions a chance to flourish), while the free exercise clause clearly empowers individuals to practice as they wish.

10 . How have changes in technology made polling more difficult?

Theres too many ways to make a poll and to count them is challenging, and lower class have worst polling areas.

11 . Why are social policies controversial? They require people to accept the authority of the government. They require government to balance the rights and liberties of different groups. They require the government to increase spending. They require a decrease in regulations and laws.

They require government to balance the rights and liberties of different groups.

20 . How do the media use public opinion polls during election season?

To see which way the voters are going to vote.

23 . Do physical characteristics matter when voters assess candidates? If so, how?

Voters tend to vote for candidates who look attractive and competent. They may consider race, gender, height, weight, and other physical attributes.

6 . If you wanted to prove the United States is suffering from low voter turnout, a calculation based on which population would yield the lowest voter turnout rate? registered voters voting-eligible population voting-age population voters who voted in the last election

Voting-age population

15 . When are social and economic issues more likely to cause polarization in public opinion?

When the issues balance two controversial concerns, such as a limited budget and personal financial needs, or religious liberty and equality.

7 . Which of the following is not part of a scientific poll design? a leading question a random sample a representative sample a low margin of error

a leading question

19 . Which of the following rules has the Supreme Court said is an undue burden on the right to have an abortion? Women must make more than one visit to an abortion clinic before the procedure can be performed. Minors must gain the consent of a parent or judge before seeking an abortion. Women must notify their spouses before having an abortion. Women must be informed of the health consequences of having an abortion.

c Women must notify their spouses before having an abortion.

7 . The Third Amendment can be thought of as ________. reinforcing the right to keep and bear arms guaranteed by the Second Amendment ensuring the right to freedom of the press forming part of a broader conception of privacy in the home that is also protected by the Second and Fourth Amendments strengthening the right to a jury trial in criminal cases

c forming part of a broader conception of privacy in the home that is also protected by the Second and Fourth Amendments

3 . The Fourteenth Amendment was critically important for civil liberties because it ________. guaranteed freed slaves the right to vote outlawed slavery helped start the process of selective incorporation of the Bill of Rights allowed the states to continue to enact black codes

c helped start the process of selective incorporation of the Bill of Rights

2 . An example of a right explicitly protected by the Constitution as drafted at the Constitutional Convention is the ________. right to free speech right to keep and bear arms right to a writ of habeas corpus right not to be subjected to cruel and unusual punishment

c.right to a writ of habeas corpus

4 . What is the difference between civil rights and civil liberties?

civil liberties are freedoms to individual and restraints on government. Civil Rights insure that government play a positive roll and treats everyone equal.Civil Rights are protections by the government of equal protection under the law, equality, and political participation. Civil Liberties are protections from government action.

4 . Briefly explain the difference between civil liberties and civil rights.

civil libertieslimitations on the power of government, designed to ensure personal freedomscivil rightsguarantees of equal treatment by government authorities

8 . Why do Belgium, Turkey, and Australia have higher voter turnout rates than the United States? compulsory voting laws more elections fewer registration laws more polling locations

compulsory voting laws

13 . The double jeopardy rule in the Bill of Rights forbids which of the following? prosecuting someone in a state court for a criminal act he or she had been acquitted of in federal court prosecuting someone in federal court for a criminal act he or she had been acquitted of in a state court suing someone for damages for an act the person was found not guilty of none of these options

d suing someone for damages for an act the person was found not guilty of

8 . The Fourth Amendment's requirement for a warrant ________. applies only to searches of the home applies only to the seizure of property as evidence does not protect people who rent or lease property does not apply when there is a serious risk that evidence will be destroyed before a warrant can be issued

d.does not apply when there is a serious risk that evidence will be destroyed before a warrant can be issued

17 . Presidential approval ratings ________ over a president's term of office. increase decline stay relatively stable seesaw

decline

12 . Which factor affects congressional approval ratings the most? presidential actions foreign events Supreme Court actions domestic events

domestic events

12 . A state might hold a primary instead of a caucus because a primary is ________. inexpensive and simple transparent and engages local voters faster and has higher turnout highly active and promotes dialog during voting

faster and has higher turnout

16 . Why did it take so long for an active civil rights movement to begin in the LGBT community?

fear to come out; secrecy made it difficult for them to organize to fight for their rights as other more visible groups had done.because of the sodomy laws and it was morally judged

21 . Which factor is most likely to lead to the incumbency advantage for a candidate? candidate's socioeconomic status gerrymandering of the candidate's district media's support of the candidate candidate's political party

gerrymandering of the candidate's district

25 . A referendum is not purely direct democracy because the ________. voters propose something but the governor approves it voters propose and approve something but the legislature also approves it government proposes something and the voters approve it government proposes something and the legislature approves it

government proposes something and the voters approve it

14 . Where and when do Electoral College electors vote? at their precinct, on Election Day at their state capitol, on Election Day in their state capitol, in December in Washington D.C., in December

in their state capitol, in December

20 . Susan is currently working two part-time jobs and is frustrated about the poor economy. On Election Day, she votes for every challenger on the ballot, because she feels the president and Congress are not doing enough to help her. What type of vote did she cast? retrospective prospective pocketbook straight ticket

pocketbook

15 . In which type of election are you most likely to see coattail effects? presidential midterm special caucuses

presidential

24 . Which of the following is not a step in the initiative process? approval of initiative petition by state or local government collection of signatures state-wide vote during a ballot election signature or veto by state governor

signature or veto by state governor

1 . A group of African American students believes a college admissions test that is used by a public university discriminates against them. What legal standard would the courts use in deciding their case? rational basis test intermediate scrutiny strict scrutiny equal protection

strict scrutiny

8 . At the world's first women's rights convention in 1848, the most contentious issue proved to be _________. A. the right to education for women B. suffrage for women C. access to the professions for women D. greater property rights for women

suffrage for women

2 . The equal protection clause became part of the Constitution as a result of ________. affirmative action the Fourteenth Amendment intermediate scrutiny strict scrutiny

the Fourteenth Amendment

13 . Which institution has the highest average public approval ratings? the presidency the U.S. House of Representatives the U.S. Senate the Supreme Court

the Supreme Court