Grade 10 Biology : Nucleic Acid
What is adenosine triphosphate's function?
provides energy for life's processes, its structure is an adenosine attached to 3 phosphates and every time a phosphate breaks, it uses energy
What are 2 types of nucleic acids that contain genetic information?
DNA (double strand) and RNA (single strand)
What are the 3 important nucleic acids?
1. DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid 2. RNA, ribonucleic acid 3. ATP, adenosine triphosphate (energy in your body)
What is DNA's function?
1. contains genetic information passed on from parent to offspring (instructions used to make an organism and help it function properly) 2. store hereditary information
What are 3 parts of nucleotides?
1. phosphate group (PO4) 2. 5 carbon sugar (pentose) 3. nitrogenous bases : adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine (made of carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen)
What is the difference between DNA and RNA?
1. sugar, DNA : deoxyribose (no oxygen on 2nd carbon) / RNA : ribose (there is sugar on 2nd carbon) 2. DNA : double helix / RNA : single stranded 3. nitrogenous bases, thymine is only found in DNA and uracil is only found in RNA
What is adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?
ATP is used by cells for energy. It is made of a nucleotide with 3 phosphate groups. Energy is stored in between the chemical bonds of the phosphate group therefore energy is released when the bonds are broken. The more bonds the more energy and the last 2 phosphate bonds are high energy. The energy released is used for cellular work and produces ADP and a free phosphate (adenosine diphosphate). This can be rejoined with a free phosphate to become ATP again. Its structure is : an adenosine, 3 phosphate groups and a ribose sugar (an oxygen on the 2nd carbon), for DNA and RNA there is only one phosphate group.
What is DNA?
DNA is two strands of DNA joined together by hydrogen bonds to form a double helix. The nitrogenous bases pair up : A with T and G with C where A and T have 2 hydrogen bonds between and G and C have 3 in between. In pairing the bases, always one ring is paired with two rings, A and G have 2 rings while T and C have 1. Nucleotides with one ring are called pyrimidines (T and C) while two rings are called purines (A and G).
What is RNA?
RNA has only one strand plus it has an extra OH group (hydroxyl group) in the second carbon. If there is no oxygen in the second carbon, it is deoxyribose. It has uracil as a nitrogenous base instead of thymine, therefore U is paired with A and G with C.
What is nucleic acid made of?
carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur
What is RNA's function?
containing information for making all the body's protein, DNA → RNA → protein
What does deoxyribose mean and what is the difference between ribose sugar and a deoxyribose sugar?
de means no, oxy means oxygen, ribose means sugar therefore means no oxygen in the second carbon unlike RNA
Nucleic acid is made up of what subunit (monomer)?
it is a polymer of nucleotides, a long chain of nucleotides linked by dehydration synthesis
What is the subunit for a nucleic acid?
nucleotides
In forming DNA what three parts are joined together?
nucleotides are joined by sugars and phosphates on the side, the backbone is made of sugar and phosphates
