[Grade 11 Philosophy] Chapter 4: The Human Person In The Environment

Anthropocentric Model

◇Human ◇Culture ◇Individualism ◇Mind ◇Calculative ◇Human over/against environment ◇Global Technological

Ecocentric Model

◇Nature ◇Wild ◇Holism ◇Nature/cosmos ◇Body ◇Relational ◇Earth/wisdom ◇Ecology over/against humans

Ecocentric Model

-Puts ecosystem first and assumes that the natural world has intrinsic value. -Nature is not valued for the future for the survival of human species per se, but it is invaluable in itself

"Anthropocentric"

-Regarding humankind as the central or most important element of existence, especially as opposed to God or animals. -Humans adopt an exploitative attitude whenever nature is merely considered as an instrument for one's profit or gain.

Deep Ecology

For this theory, ecological crisis is an outcome of anthropocentrism, which is already discussed. The controlling attitude of humankind is extended to nature, when in fact, humanity is part of nature.

Social Ecology

For this theory, ecological crisis results from authoritarian social structures. Destroying nature is a reflection wherein few people overpower others while exploiting the environment for profit or self interest.

Erich Fromm

He proposed a new society that should encourage the emergence of a new human being that will foster prudence and moderation of frugality toward environment.

Zimmerman, Elgin, and Pettman

Researchers who exposed the environmental consequence of international politico-economic specialization of specific countries and global regions.

Modern

The _______ didn't think virtue existed and that it was perhaps a linguistic trick. True equality for ______ philosophy means acknowledging first that everyone is a violent animal (Hobbes) and that the way you acquire justice is not through potential, virtue, or capability; justice is actualizing power to do what you want.

Modern

The _______ wanted to alter nature to create the things people want. In this way, virtue was not important, but creating comfort became the ultimate good. This also makes people easier to control.

Ancient

The ________ wanted to actualize human greatness. This required a combination of virtue, intelligence, education, morality -- in a way, a good regime.

Ecofeminism

This theory argues that ecological crisis is a consequence of male dominance. In this view, whatever is "superior" is entitled to whatever is "inferior". Male traits as in the anthropocentric model are superior as opposed to female traits as in the ecocentric model.

Virtue, Intelligence, education, and Morality

[Ancient] Human greatness requires this combination aka a good regime.