GRAMMAR
direct object
answers what? or whom? after an action verb Sammi ate the turkey (Sammi ate WHAT? turkey is the direct object)
participial phrase
contains a participle plus any complements or modifiers Thanking everyone, my uncle began to carve the turkey. (Thanking everyone)
infinitive phrase
contains an infinitive plus any complements or modifiers. My father woke up to watch the news on television. (to watch the news on television)
object complement
describes or renames a direct object Carlo thought the woman a genius (genius is the object complement)
verb
expresses action or state of being
predicate adjective
follows a linking verb and further describes the subject. The people have been very patient
subject complement
follows a subject and a linking verb and identifies or describes the subject.
complex sentence
has 1 main clause and 1 or more subordinate clauses.
compound sentence
has 2 or more main clauses
compound-complex sentence
has more than 1 main clause and at least 1 subordinate clause
simple sentence
has only one main clause and no subordinate clauses
predicate nominative
is a noun or a pronoun that follows a linking verb and further identifies the subject. (The best football player is Jacob)
adjective clause
is a subordinate clause that modifies a noun or a pronoun
adverb clause
is a subordinate clause that modifies a verb, an adjective, or an adverb.
interjection
unrelated word or phrase that expresses emotion or exclamation. (wow!)
conjunction
a word that joins single words or groups of words (and, or, but)
appositive phrase
an appositive plus its modifiers C.S. Lewis, my favorite author, lived in England.
prepositional phrase
a group of words that begins with a preposition and usually ends with a noun or a pronoun
appositive
a noun or a pronoun that is placed next to another noun or pronoun to identify it or give more information about it. My grandfather Howard takes me fishing
gerund phrase
a gerund plus any complements or modifiers. Singing the national anthem is traditional at many sports events. (Singing the national anthem)
noun clause
a subordinate clause used as a noun.
verbal
a verb form that functions in a sentence as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb.
gerund
a verbal that ends with -ing. It is used in the same way a noun is used. Skiing is a popular sport. (skiing)
participle
a verbal that functions as an adjective. Gary comforted the crying baby. (crying)
infinitive
a verbal that is usually preceded by the word TO. It is used as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb. I never learned to dance. (to dance) She has an errand to run. (to run) I will be happy to help. (to help)
adjective
modifies a noun or pronoun by giving descriptive details.
adverb
modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.
noun
person, place, thing or idea
indirect object
receives what the direct object names Marie wrote June a letter. (letter is the indirect object)
prepositions
shows the relationship of a noun or a pronoun to some other word. (of, about, above, across, after, etc.)
pronoun
takes the place of a noun