Gross Anatomy of the Muscular System Lab Assignment

This pair of muscles includes the prime mover of inspiration, and its synergist.

diaphragm and external intercostals

Does the external intercostal elevate or depress the ribs?

elevate

The gluteus maximus is the most powerful muscle during __________.

extension

This muscle is named for the direction of its fibers.

external oblique

the gastrocnemius muscle originates from which bone?

femur

The origin of the external obliques includes ribs __________.

five through twelve

Both heads of the biceps femoris muscle __________.

flex the leg at the knee

What is the action of the rectus abdominus?

flexion of vertebral column

This forearm muscle is a powerful wrist flexor.

flexor carpi radialis

The actions of the internal intercostals are most important during __________.

forced expiration

The insertion of the extensor digitorum branches into __________.

four tendons

This lower limb muscle, which attaches to the calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon and plantar flexes the foot when the knee is extended, is the __________.

gastrocnemius

This muscle allows you to stand on tiptoe when the knee is extended, and it flexes the knee when the foot is dorsiflexed.

gastrocnemius

The __________ is the largest and most superficial of the gluteal muscles.

gluteal maximus

Commonly referred to as the ________, this muscle group on the posterior thigh extends the hip.

hamstrings

The quadriceps are the prime movers of knee extension. Which muscle group is an antagonist to knee extension?

hamstrings

The action of the rectus femoris

hip flexion, knee extension

The brachioradialis originates from which bone?

humerus

The extensor digitorum originates from which bone?

humerus

The origin of the flexor carpi radialis is on the __________.

humerus

This deep muscle flexes the trunk on the thigh

iliopsoas

The majority of the fibers of the gluteus maximus insert onto the __________.

iliotibial tract

The external intercostals elevate the rib cage during __________.

inspiration

The tibialis anterior muscle dorsiflexes the foot at the ankle and also assists in __________ of the foot.

inversion

The long head of the biceps femoris muscle originates on the __________.

ischial tuberosity

This muscle is used in smiling.

zygomaticus

Muscles are named based on all the criteria below except ________.

color of the muscle

The buccinator muscle __________.

compresses the cheeks

The actions of the internal obliques include __________.

compression of the abdomen to assist in forced expiration

This muscle works as a fixator of the shoulder when you attempt to lift a heavy table with your forearm.

deltoid

The key actions of the pectoralis major muscle are __________.

medial rotation and adduction

The masseter muscle originates on the __________. A. medial and lateral surfaces of the maxilla and the inferior and superior border of the zygomatic arch B. medial surfaces of the maxilla and the zygomatic arch as well as the inferior border of the zygomatic arch C. medial surface of maxilla, but not the zygomatic arch D. inferior border of the zygomatic arch only

medial surfaces of the maxilla and the zygomatic arch as well as the inferior border of the zygomatic arch

Which structure does the triceps brachii (long head) insert?

olecranon process of ulna

The latissimus dorsi inserts __________.

on the intertubercular groove of the humerus

This muscle closes the eyes, allowing you to wink or blink.

orbicularis oculi

This large, fan-shaped muscle of the upper chest is the prime mover of arm flexion.

pectoralis major

The tibialis anterior muscle inserts onto which metatarsal? (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)?

1

The biceps femoris is located in the __________.

posterior thigh

A prime mover (agonist) ________.

primarily responsible for movement

The origins of the rectus abdominus muscle are on the __________.

pubic bone

The two heads of the biceps brachii combine to insert on the __________.

radial tuberosity

where does the biceps brachii insertion

radial tuberosity of radius

These abdominal muscles are responsible for giving me my "six-pack." They also stabilize my pelvis when walking. They are the ___________ muscles.

rectus abdominus

This muscle originates on the spinous processes of C7 and T1 - T5, and inserts on the medial border of the scapula.

rhomboids

Commonly called as the "tailors muscle," this muscle allows one to sit in a cross-legged position.

sartorius

When both muscles of this pair are contracted simultaneously, they flex the neck forward.

sternocleidomastoid

Name one bone on which the sternocleidomastoid muscle originates

sternum

A prime mover or __________ produces a particular type of movement.

agonist

True or False: The biceps femoris is located in the anterior compartment of the thigh.

False

The flexor carpi ulnaris __________.

Flexes and adducts wrist

The shape of this muscle gives it its name.

Trapezius

The middle fibers of the deltoid muscle __________.

abduct the arm

What is the action of the deltoid muscle?

abduction of arm at the shoulder; prime mover of arm abduction when all its fibers contract simultaneously

One of the actions of the latissimus dorsi muscle is to __________.

adduct the arms

The origin of the rectus femoris is the ____________.

anterior inferior iliac spine

The origin of the Sartorius muscle is from the __________ spine.

anterior superior iliac

The deltoid muscle fibers are separated into __________.

anterior, middle, and posterior

What is an action of the latissimus dorsi?

arm extension at shoulder; prime mover of arm extension; powerful arm adductor; medially rotates arm

At its insertion (unlike at its origin), the buccinator muscle __________.

attaches to fibers of another facial muscle

This two-headed muscle bulges when the forearm is flexed. It is the most familiar muscle of the anterior humerus. It is the __________.

biceps brachii

An agonist for elbow flexion is ________, whereas the ________ is an antagonist to this movement.

biceps brachii, triceps brachii

This muscle compresses the cheek when you whistle.

buccinator

Pectoralis major originates on the ________ and inserts in the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus

clavicle and sternum

The pectoralis major muscle can be divided into groups of fibers superior, or __________, and inferior, or __________.

clavicular; sternocostal

The rectus femoris muscle extends the leg at the __________.

knee

The trapezius muscle may be separated into all of the following groups, except __________.

lateral

The origins of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle are the __________.

lateral condyle and posterior surface of the femur

The actions of the rhomboid major on the scapula do not include __________.

lateral rotation

This powerful muscle is the prime mover of arm extension

latissimus dorsi

Both the Psoas major muscle and iliacus muscle insert on the __________.

lesser trochanter of the femur

Muscles that act on the __________ cause movement at the hip, knee, and foot joints.

lower limb

This muscle originates on the zygomatic arch and inserts at the angle and ramus of the mandible. It is responsible for closing the jaw.

masseter

The temporalis muscle originates on the __________ and inserts on the __________.

temporal fossa; coronoid process of mandible

The two heads of the gastrocnemius muscle converge to insert onto __________.

the calcaneus

Brachioradialis and sternocleidomastoid are named for ________.

the location of their origin and insertion

A superficial muscle of the leg, this one dorsiflexes the foot.

tibialis anterior

This superficial muscle covers a large part of the posterior thorax.

trapezius

Which of the following muscles is named for its shape? a. tibialis anterior b. biceps brachii c. external oblique d. trapezius

trapezius

This name reveals the number of the muscle's origins.

triceps brachii

The __________ musculature includes muscles that move the vertebral column and muscles that move the ribs

trunk

The pectoralis major inserts to which bone?

tubercle of the humerus